Do you want to improve end-to-end feature lead-time? It is not a question of working harder. It is a question of first removing the feature wait time, the red bricks. If you would build an end-to-end timeline for your features using red, yellow and green LEGO bricks. Where: * Red = Non value adding waiting time * Yellow = Non value adding activates required due to how work is organized * Green = Value adding activities of real customer value How would your feature end-to-end timeline look like? In most cases, you will have less than 20% green and yellow bricks and more the 80% red bricks. In this session, you will be see how flow efficiency can be drastically improve in two concrete examples from two different domains. First, you will see how a Swedish Breast Cancer Clinic drastically improved flow efficiency and reduced patient wait time by focusing on removing the red and yellow bricks. In the second example, you will see how a Product Development Test Organization reduced lead-time and created time for improvements by focusing on improving flow efficiency. We will take a close look at the three laws that define the performance of all processes: * Little’s Law * Law of bottlenecks * Law of variation By understanding how the three laws governs the performance of your processes, we can look at ways to improve your flow efficiency. When time is gone, it is gone. Time to start removing the red and yellow bricks

1. Håkan Forss
hakan.forss@avegagroup.se
@hakanforss
http://hakanforss.wordpress.com/

2. Håkan Forss
Lean/Agile Coach
The Plumber
@hakanforss
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

3. Agile/Scrum/XP
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

4. Lean, Kanban & Flow
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

5. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

6. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

7. I’m a huge LEGO fan!
DISCLAIMER
LEGO® is a trademark of the LEGO Group,
which does not sponsor, authorize or
endorse this presentation.
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

8. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

9. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

10. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

11. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand

12. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

13. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

14. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

15. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

16. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

17. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

18. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

19. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

20. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

21. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

22. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

23. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

24. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

25. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

26. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

27. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

28. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

29. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

30. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

31. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

32. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

33. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

34. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

35. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

36. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

37. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

38. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

39. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

40. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

41. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

42. > 1000 hours < 60 hours
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

43. A Question of focus
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

44. Strategy to increase utilization
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

45. Strategy to fulfill needs a.s.a.p.
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

46. Niklas Modig
Stockholm School of Economics
@LeanOnMyself
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

47. Strategytoincreaseutilization
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

48. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

49. Strategy to fulfill needs a.s.a.p.
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

50. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

51. Low utilization
Short lead-times
Low Work-In-Process
Small batches
Focus on customer value
Little waiting for flow unit
Fast to respond to change
High utilization
Long lead-times
High Work-In-Process
Large batches
Focus on unit cost
Lots of waiting for flow unit
Slow to respond to change
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

52. Lean
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

53. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

54. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

55. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

56. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

57. Which process is most expensive?
≥
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

58. Flow efficiency in numbers
Usually 1-5% value added of
total lead-time
20% value added is a high
number
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

59. How many
and
bricks do you have?
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

60. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

61. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

62. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

63. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

64. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

65. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

66. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

67. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

68. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds

69. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

70. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

71. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

72. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

73. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds

74. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

75. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

76. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

77. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

78. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

79. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

80. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

81. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

82. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

83. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

84. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

85. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

86. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

87. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

88. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

89. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

90. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

91. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

92. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

93. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

94. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

95. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

96. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

97. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

98. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

99. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand Support team responds
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

100. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

101. We need to
Shift our focus
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

102. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

103. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

104. BUSY WORKERS
High Resource Efficiency
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

105. BUSY FLOW UNITS
High Flow Efficiency
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

106. Q & A
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

107. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

108. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

109. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

110. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

111. Use historical data
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

112. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

113. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

114. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

115. How to improve
Flow Efficiency?
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

116. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Start with the bricks
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

117. Non value adding
bricks: Wait time
Waiting in a queue
Waiting for a decision
Waiting on dependency
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

118. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Then take on the bricks

119. Non value adding
bricks: Required waste
Over processing
Backlog maintenance
Reporting and status meetings
Rework due to
Defects
Handovers
Long lead-times
Lack of understanding the requirements
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

120. Yes!! But how?
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

121. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

122. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

123. We need to
Shift our focus
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

124. From local awareness…
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

125. ..to global awareness
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

126. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

127. …to a shared and visual
understanding of End-To-End flow
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

128. We need to
Shift our focus
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

129. From big batch, low frequency…
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

130. …to small batches with high frequency
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

131. Reducing batch size
Smaller features
Smaller slices first, MMF, MVP second
Deliver continuously, or more often
Avoid projects
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

132. We need to
Shift our focus
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

133. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

134. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

135. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

136. Blockers and Impediments
are like Gold and Gems
for improving flow
in your process
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

137. The three ”laws”
Little’s Law
Law of bottlenecks
Law of variation
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

138. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

139. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

140. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

141. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

142. Little’s Law
Work-in-Process
Throughput
Lead Time =
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

143. Little’s Law
12
12 / min
1 min =
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

144. Little’s Law
6
12 / min
0.5 min =
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

145. Little’s Law
24
12 / min
2 min =
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

146. ABC ABC ABC
AAA BBB CCC
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

147. ABC ABC ABC
AAA BBB CCC

148. ABC ABC ABC
AAA BBB CCC
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

149. Time
Capability
100%
Utilization
planed at 70%
Plan for less than 100% utilization
Inspired by Mårten Pehrson
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

150. Time
Capability
100%
Lower planned utilization
Inspired by Mårten Pehrson
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

151. Lead-time Insurance
Time
Capability
100%
Utilization
planed at 70%
Acts as an insurance policy for
shorter lead-time
Inspired by Mårten Pehrson
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

152. Options
Time
Capability
100%
Utilization
planed at 70%
Creates option to do the important
things when you need it
Inspired by Mårten Pehrson
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

153. Time
Capability
100%
Utilization
planed at 70%
Creates the time for increasing capability
Inspired by Mårten Pehrson
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

154. Time
Capability
100%
Utilization
planed at 70%
Plan for less than 100% utilization
Inspired by Mårten Pehrson
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

155. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

156. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

157. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

158. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

159. Lowering the water level uncovers
process improvement opportunities
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

160. Lower Work-In-Process
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

161. The three ”laws”
Little’s Law
Law of bottlenecks
Law of variation
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

162. Law of Bottlenecks
Every process has one
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

163. Capacity = 6 Capacity = 4 Capacity = 6
Throughput = 4
You can’t go faster than your bottleneck
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

164. Equal too or greater capacity in front
You can go as fast as your bottleneck
You can’t go faster than your bottleneck
Capacity => 4 Capacity = 4 Capacity > 4
Throughput = 4
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

165. Full use of a higher capacity in front of the bottleneck will make
lead-time go up
You can’t go faster than your bottleneck
Capacity = 6 Capacity = 4 Capacity > 4
Throughput = 4
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

166. Equal to or greater capacity after
You can go as fast as your bottleneck
You can’t go faster than your bottleneck
Capacity => 4 Capacity = 4 Capacity >= 4
Throughput = 4
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

167. Higher capacity after the bottleneck will not improve throughput
over time
You can’t go faster than your bottleneck
Capacity => 4 Capacity = 4 Capacity >= 4
Throughput = 4
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

168. Process stage without WIP Limits
Demand Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
WIP Limit WIP Limit
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

169. Process stages without WIP Limits
Demand Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
WIP Limit WIP Limit
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

170. Demand Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
WIP Limit WIP Limit
Process stages without WIP Limits
Nobackpressure
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

171. Demand Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
WIP Limit WIP Limit
Stage 2
Set WIP Limits on every
process stage!
Backpressure
WIP Limit
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

172. Setting first WIP Limits
Low Organizational friction High
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

173. Adjust WIP 20-30%
Identify the problems
Resolve the problems
Stabilize processRepeat
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

174. The three ”laws”
Little’s Law
Law of bottlenecks
Law of variation
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

175. Low variation
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

176. High variation
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

177. Low variation
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

178. High variation
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

179. Common sources of variation
Large batches
Ad-hoc processes
Swarming on work
Load balancing processes
Uneven arrival rate of work
Uneven work duration
Uneven availability of capacity
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

180. Reduce unnecessary
process variation
Use a mixed feature portfolio
Remove iterations, or reduce length
Avoid Ad-hoc processes
Swarming on work
Loadbalancing processes
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

181. Time
Capability
100%
Utilization
planed at 70%
Plan for less than 100% utilization
Absorbs unwanted variation
Inspired by Mårten Pehrson
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

182. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

183. Improvements are experiments
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

184. Puff
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

185. Oh, I did NOT
expect that!
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

186. The sound of learning
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

187. Hypothesis
Prediction
Experiment
Observation
Learning
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

188. Prediction
Observation
Observation
Hypothesis
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

189. Expect at least 50% of the
experiments will not give the
expected result
This is when we REALLY learn!
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

190. Daily work
Delivering value
Improving
the work
Make improvements and changes
in small batches
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

191. Plan
• Define hypothesis
• Make Prediction
Do
• Run Experiment
• Closely observe
Check
• What did we
learn?
Act
• Update or new
hypothesis
I told you so!
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

192. Actively encourage an
experimentation culture
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

193. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

194. “A bad system will beat a
good person every time.”
W. Edwards Deming
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

195. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

196. Q & AHåkan Forss
Mail: hakan.forss@avegagroup.se
Twitter: @hakanforss
Blog: http://hakanforss.wordpress.com
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

197. We are
too busy
No
thanks!
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

198. Don’t Be(e) a busy worker!
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

199. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

200. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

201. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

202. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

203. Great work
Maria!
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com
Just a few
more shots

204. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

205. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

206. Demand Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
WIP Limit WIP Limit
Stage 2
Set WIP Limits on every
process stage!
Backpressure
WIP Limit
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com

207. Non value adding: Wait time
Non value adding: Required waste
Value adding: Actual demand
Why Work-In-Process and
not Work-in-Progress?
Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com
You tell me!

208. Created by Håkan Forss @hakanforss http://hakanforss.wordpress.com