1. The Partitions and Divisions of Poland:Anti-Polonism Anti-Polonism: an irrational or malicious hostility toward Poles as a nation or as a cultural community
2. Poland: A Free State 966-1386 Kingdom of Poland 1386-1795Polish–Lithuanian union & later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1648-1720 Uprisings, invasions 1720-1764 Increasing corruption 1764 Reforms began
4. The First Partition1772 Reforms led neighboring countries (Russia, Prussia, & Austria) to interfere Interference caused nobles to rebel Rebellion gave Russia, Prussia, & Austria an excuse to partition parts of Poland supposedly to restore order
8. The Second Partition1793 Constitution of May 3, 1791 – brought more reform After adoption of Polish Constitution, Russian army invaded Poland (1792). Prussia then also invaded (1793). Second partition: Without Austrian participation Only central section of Poland left independent, and that under Russian control.
12. The Third Partition1795 After the Second Partition, Poland’s size was so reduced that the economy was ruined. Support for a national uprising grew significantly (1793) Thaddeus Kosciusko led Polish forces but eventually was wounded and captured (1794). The uprising and the conservative rulers' reaction to the French Revolution led to the final partition. All of Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
16. The 1800s Napoleon’s conquest of Europe gave the Polish new hope for a country. 1807: Duchy of Warsaw established 1809: Duchy expanded 1815: Congress of Vienna returned the partitions 1830: November Uprising 1863-1864: January Uprising
17. Partition meant Suppression In both the Russian and Prussian (later German) partitions, Poles subject to discrimination and culture suppressed. Russia: Polish culture, religion vs. Russian imperial ambitions Anti-Polish campaign Nobles' property confiscated Catholic religion vs. Orthodox Polish schools and universities closed Executions, mass deportations Prussia (then Germany): Forbidden to build homes Properties targeted for forced buy-outs Polish language banned from public Children tortured at schools for speaking Polish Subjected to forceful eviction
18. End of World War I brought change Central Powers' surrender to Allies – ends empires of Germany & Austro-Hungary Chaos of Russian Revolution – end of Russian Empire Treaty of Versailles
19. End of World War I brought change These events led to Poland's full independence after 123 years. 1918-1919: Polish Republic founded However…
20. World War II: More Change August 23, 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact August 28 Secret extra information added to it September 1 Nazi Germany attacked Poland – World War II began September 17 Red Army crossed the eastern Polish border
21. World War II:Partition & Anti-Polonism 1939 Poland divided again 1939-1945Germanhostility: Ethnic Poles and Jews die in concentration camps 1940-1945 Soviet hostility: Mass deportations and executions of Poles
22. Post-World War II 1945 WWII Ends: Poland united again 1945-1989 Soviet Domination: People’s Republic of Poland Since 1989 Republic of Poland; free elections
