Allergy & asthma
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Allergies arise when immune system reacts to foreign body. The immune system produces substances known as antibodies that protect us from unwanted invaders which could make us sick or cause an infection. When one comes into contact with the allergen, the response of the immune system can inflame skin, sinuses, airways or digestive system. The severity of allergies varies from one person to another and can range from trivial irritation to a potentially life threatening emergency. While most allergies cannot be cured, a number of treatments can assist get rid of allergy symptoms
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Allergy & asthma
- 1. Allergy & Asthma a slide show Dr Asha Pherwani Consultant PD Hinduja National Hospital
- 2. Allergy – a multi-headed monster
- 3. Up to the 19th century Few cases of allergic cold Increasing rapidly More in the westernized countries
- 4. Allergic diseases • Disturbing to the patient • Occassionally fatal • Alarming facts * observation of new allergies * nuts, soya, latex, gelatin and other • What is allergy?
- 5. When the body encountes an allergen An allergen is a protein different from the body
- 6. The body reacts Favourable result ---immunity
- 7. If the body over-reacts----harmful allergy
- 8. Serum IgE levels are high in allergies IgE attaches itself to mast cells
- 10. The one airway theory
- 11. Tell tale signs of allergy
- 12. Rhinitis Very common AR in children May predicit asthma
- 13. Allergic cold
- 16. Eye lid allergy
- 20. Drug allergyDrug allerg: Isonex (SJ) / methotrexate
- 21. Insulin allergy
- 24. Nickel allergy Nicke / copper allergy
- 25. Insect allergy
- 26. What does this slide project ? House dust mite
- 28. Pollen allergy
- 30. Food Reactions A diverse spectrum
- 31. Food reactions Immunological IgE Non-IgE T cells, macrophages Non-immunological Drugs dose dependent Enzyme deficiencies Food poisoning- Toxic
- 32. Prevalence of food allergy • IgE mediated allergy • 1-2.5% of adults • 6-8% of children
- 33. Systems not only restricted to GIT • Gastrointestinal • Respiratory • Skin • Cardiovascular • General-Anaphylaxis
- 34. • General • Itching, tingling, swelling lips, mouth • Tongue & Throat swelling • Angio-oedema (swelling, puffiness) • Nausea • Vomiting • Diarrhoea • Abdominal pain, cramps • Colic , reflux Rrespiratory Throat tightness Wheezing, asthma Shortness of breath Repetitive coughing Cyanosis- turning blue Nasal congestion Runny nose Cough
- 35. • Skin reactions • Pruritus – itching • Flushing • Urticaria – rash • Angio-oedema- tissue swelling • Eczema/dermatitis • Itchy eyes and ears • Hypotension • Shock • Syncope- fainting • Arrhythmia • Chest pain
- 36. Most common allergenic foods • Milk • Wheat • Egg • Soy • Peanut • Tree nuts • Fish & shellfish • Any foods can theoretically trigger allergies
- 37. Cross-reactions may occur • Wheat and other grains • Soy and other legumes • Cow’s milk & horse, sheep, goat’s milk • Different tree nuts • Nuts and peanuts • Pollen & some fruit • Latex and avocado, kiwi, chestnut, banana • Otal allergy syndrome
- 38. Anaphylaxis –food induced Foods most commonly implicated • Eggs • Wheat • Milk • Peanuts • Fish • Shellfish • Nuts Celery Seeds Legumes Guar gum Rice Many others
- 39. pets Pet allergy
- 40. Exercise induced Anaphylaxis • Anaphylaxis occurring after exercise, when certain foods are eaten prior or after exercising • Common culprits: Wheat,cereals, celery, fruit,vegetables, shellfish
- 41. • Watch out for: “may contain” • It only takes a minute grain to react • Nuts/egg/ sea food life time allergies • Cold. Ice • Food addtives & preservatives • Caffeined in foods, medication, tea, coffee Coca-Cola, nausea and tremors. • Salicylates • Induce urticaria, asthma and nasal polyps to develop • Curry powder, dried herbs, vegetable and fruit skins, tea and almonds
- 42. Food Intolerances • Enzyme deficiencies • Food poisoning • Intestinal fermentation • Food aversions • Pharmacological reactions- reactions to chemicals in foods or additives. Reactions are dose dependent and can be cumulative.
- 43. Do the right thing • Don’t just restrict your freedom of eating a wide variety of foods • Do seek professional help to investigate the symptoms you have • The cause may not always be what you think! • Remember- it can take up to 36-48 hours for some reactions to develop – even longer in some conditions
- 44. Hoarse voice - anaphylaxis
- 46. FIRES IN THE GARBAGE • 1. DECOMPOSING WASTE MATTER • 2. MAN MADE FOR RECYCLABLE MATERIAL (30% OF GARBAGE IN CAIRO) environment
- 47. genes pregnancy smoking viral infections in infancy small baby
- 48. The skin Prick test
- 49. SPTs / patch tests
- 50. Skin prick tests
- 52. COLD URTICARIA Cold urticaria – 2 cases
- 53. Deficiency of C1 estarse inhibiyor deficincy Patients Angioed Neck swelling Died of meningitis at 1ge 15-16 y Life span 40-45 y
- 57. 2 causes *Muslces *inflammation Asthma – hyper-reactive air ways
- 58. Chronic wheeze
- 61. SPTs
- 62. IgE / AEC
- 63. Growth in asthma
- 67. Spacers
- 68. A wiff of air
- 69. Thank you