4º ESO - Unit 2 The Political Revolutions

2. ·It began in the republican stage of the French Revolution.It began in the republican stage of the French Revolution.
After the French victory at the Battle of Valmy against theAfter the French victory at the Battle of Valmy against the
Austro-Prussian coalition, the legislative assembly ceased inAustro-Prussian coalition, the legislative assembly ceased in
their functions to make way to the Convention, elected bytheir functions to make way to the Convention, elected by
universal suffrage. Its sessions began on 21 September ofuniversal suffrage. Its sessions began on 21 September of
1792 and lasted until the October 26 of 1795.1792 and lasted until the October 26 of 1795.
··There were in it 750 deputies, who implanted theThere were in it 750 deputies, who implanted the
Republican government (First French Republic).Republican government (First French Republic).
Painting of the Valmy Battle
Author: Horace Vernet
Painting of the Valmy Battle
Author: Horace Vernet

3. ● It was the main institution of the First French Republic. It was
a constituent role that concentrated the executive and
legislative powers in France, from September 20 of 1792 till
October 26 of 1795.
● One of his first tasks was to draft a constitution to replace the
constitution of 1791. It included among its advances universal
suffrage, the right to education and work, and protection with
public money from the poorest. But ultimately it didn't do
because of external pressures of the European powers anti-
revolutionary. Also, the assembly abolished the monarchy, but
left later for the official proclamation of the republic.

5. ● GIRONDISTS (Such as Brissot). Representatives of the gentry,
supporters of moderation control the revolutionary process and
even, despite they were republicans they compromised with the
monarchy. . They formed the revolutionary right.
●
JACOBINSJACOBINS ( Such as Robespierre). Representatives of the
middle-bourgeoisie. Supported by the sans-culottes (popular
class, formed by craftmen and laborers) and the Paris Commune
(were centralist), they evolved increasingly into radical positions.
●
With the jacobins there was “The Mountain”, the most
intransigent group of the revolution.
●
Even more exalted than the Jacobins were the "CordelierCordelier". The
main people in this group were Hebert, Danton and Marat.
●
The PlainThe Plain which included the most part of the Convention, thatwhich included the most part of the Convention, that
fluctuated between the girondists and jacobins.fluctuated between the girondists and jacobins.

6. ●
GIRONDISTGIRONDIST
● JACOBINS
● CORDELIERS
● THE PLAIN
ROBESPIERREROBESPIERRE
DANTONDANTON
BRISSOTBRISSOT
CAMBACÈRESCAMBACÈRES

8. ● At the beginning, girondins dominated. The first months were
the most troubled about making decisions. And the dissension
had seriously intensified within the convention, where the plain
wavered between grant the support to the Gironde or to the
Mountain.
● The first big test of strength was decided in favor for the
Girondins, who requested that the Convention judged the king
on charges of treason and got their proposal was approved by
majority. The monarch was convicted of the charge attributed to
the almost unanimous vote of the Chamber on January 15 of
1793, and he was guillotined 6 days later.
KING GUILLONITEDKING GUILLONITED

9. ● His death marked the definitive rift between the Gironde and
the Mountain and this represented a open war against the
Ancient old regime in Europe. The influence of the Girondins
in the Convention fell dramatically after the king's execution.
Besides, the lack of unity shown by the group during the trial
had irreparably damaged his national prestige.

10. JACOBIN STAGE (1793-1794)JACOBIN STAGE (1793-1794)
●
In this phase the most exalted took power displacing theIn this phase the most exalted took power displacing the
Girondins in 1793, who were persecuted and many were killed.Girondins in 1793, who were persecuted and many were killed.
Among the new leaders he stood out Robespierre. The PublicAmong the new leaders he stood out Robespierre. The Public
Health Committee became in the real governing body of theHealth Committee became in the real governing body of the
Convention. And through a Revolutionary Court, "Reign ofConvention. And through a Revolutionary Court, "Reign of
Terror" was implated, during which more than 50.000 peopleTerror" was implated, during which more than 50.000 people
were guillotined.were guillotined.

11. ●
They wanted a centralized democratic state, ruled by the peopleThey wanted a centralized democratic state, ruled by the people
and with no place for the monarchy. And the parliament shouldand with no place for the monarchy. And the parliament should
be under constant surveillance of the people, avoiding divergentbe under constant surveillance of the people, avoiding divergent
revolutionary ideas. Also, its premises was the indivisibility of therevolutionary ideas. Also, its premises was the indivisibility of the
mother country, the obedience to the laws and the constitution,mother country, the obedience to the laws and the constitution,
freedom to trade and a greater participation of the people in thefreedom to trade and a greater participation of the people in the
government.government.
●
In July of 1794 a coup d'etat made by the "Plain" ended theIn July of 1794 a coup d'etat made by the "Plain" ended the
Jacobin government, ending the stage called "Reign of Terror".Jacobin government, ending the stage called "Reign of Terror".
The revolutionary rising was interrupted and France entered intoThe revolutionary rising was interrupted and France entered into
a moderate stage.a moderate stage.
Detention of RobespierreDetention of Robespierre