2. Major job was agriculture
Husband, wife and children worked along side of each
other
Little food was produced
just enough to survive
if there were leftovers they were sold
there was little incentive (motive) to increase production
3. Shift from agricultural based economy to
manufacturing based economy
Starts in Britain
Expansion of farmland, good weather, improved
transportation and new crops led to an increase in the
food supply
Population grew
Britain had ready money (capital) that they could invest
in industrial machines and factories
Natural resources were plentiful
Rivers
Supply of markets
4. domestic system
also known as the “putting- out system”
people worked from their homes, generally during the winter
months, production costs were low
spinning jenny and the water frame
these inventions led to the beginning of the factory
system
an organized method of production that brought together
workers and machines under the control of managers
Steam engine allowed for machinery to be driven and
not have to be located by a river
5.
6. Steam engine created an increased need for coal
Locomotives
Puddling became possible to create a better quality of
iron
Britain was then able to produce more high quality iron
than the rest of the world combined
7. Railroads
Created new jobs
increased need for coal
Electricity
Generator
Morse code
Light bulb
Electric streetcar
8. The British parliament passed laws to keep its
inventions and processes a secret
Belgium
went at the same rate as Britain and was comparable
France
most workers remained in agriculture
Germany
United States
The Northeast
9. Cities grew larger because of the mills and workers
needed
Rural areas were changed to cities and towns
Housing shortages, bad water and sewers
Child labor was cheaper, and easier to get/train
Children were routinely beat
Increases in levels of alcoholism, prostitution, divorce
and crime
10.
11. Rise of industrial capitalism
Economic system based on industrial production
Made up of people who built factories, bought the
machines and figured out where the markets were
Not to be confused with the industrial working class
Worked 12-16 hours a day
No security of employment, no minimum wage
Cotton mills were the worst
“in the cotton-spinning work, these creatures are kept, 14
hours in each day, locked up, summer and winter, in a heat of
from 80-84 degrees”
Dirty, dusty, dangerous and unhealthy
12.
13. Coal mine conditions were also harsh
Men still had to dig out the coal even with the new
machines
Horses, women, children, mules hauled the coal carts on
rails to the lift
Cave-ins, explosions and gas fumes