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Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires
Spain Vs. Portugal
Christopher Columbus asks both
countries to sponsor his voyage--Spain
agrees
Portugal saw the wealth that Spain
was gaining, and wanted to be part of
the action…
Countries became rivals and tried to
stop each other from claiming land in
the Americas
Spain Vs. Portugal
1494--countries signed Treaty of
Tordesillas
– Set the Line of Demarcation (imaginary line
from the North Pole to the South Pole at 50
degrees longitude)
Spain got everything to the west, while
Portugal got everything to the east
– What language is spoken in most of Latin
America today?
– What language is spoken in Brazil?
Fall of the Aztec and Inca empires 2012
Spanish Conquistadors
 Soldier-explorers who settled in the
Americas in hopes of finding treasure
 Inspired by Columbus to seek fortune in the
New World
 Many came from the part of Spain called
Extremadura
– Poor soil, icy winters, & blistering hot summers
held little chance for wealth
– Hernan Cortes was born in this province
Spanish Conquistadors
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who reached
Mexico in 1519 in search of treasure
Arrived in Mexico with 550 soldiers, 16
horses, 14 canons, & a few dogs
Group was met by Aztec emperor,
Montezuma II
Fall of the Aztec and Inca empires 2012
Fall of the Aztec and Inca empires 2012
Cortes invades Mexico
 How could such a small force conquer a
huge empire?
1. Cortes knew how to use Spanish horse and
guns to shock Aztecs
2. Malintzin (a Mayan woman) gave Cortes the
inside scoop on the Aztec empire & helped
him form alliances against Montezuma
3. Cortes had invisible help--diseases that
killed more Aztecs than Spanish swords
4. Montezuma believed Cortes to be
Quetzalcoatl--an important Aztec god
Cortes Meeting Montezuma
Cortes Defeats the Aztec
Cortes traveled 400 miles to reach
Tenochitlan
Montezuma did not attack right away
because he first thought Cortes was
Quetzalcoatl
Spanish were able to take control of
the city & took Montezuma hostage
Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop
sacrificing people
Cortes Defeats Aztec
 Cortes’ orders angered Aztec; planned a
rebellion
 Fighting broke out & Montezuma was killed
 Spanish were outnumbered, so they fled the
city
 Before they could prepare a 2nd attack,
smallpox broke out in Tenochitlan & greatly
weakened the large Aztec empire
 1521--Spanish destroyed the Aztec capital
Fall of the Aztec and Inca empires 2012
After Conquering the Aztec…
Cortes took part in 1 more expedition
to Honduras
Served as Governor General of New
Spain
Returned to Spain a very wealthy man
Died in Seville, Spain in 1547
Francisco Pizarro
Pizarro was also from the Extremadura
– He was not of noble birth; could not even
write his name
– At age 16, Pizarro fled a job herding pigs in
Italy
1502--he arrived in the Americas and
became very wealthy by exploring
Panama
– Heard a rumor that there was a great
empire filled with gold in the mountains of
South America…
Fall of the Aztec and Inca empires 2012
The Inca
1530s--Inca thought they ruled most of
the world; two threats from the north
proved they did not…
1.They couldn’t stop the spread of
smallpox
2. They couldn’t scare away Pizarro
Fall of the Aztec and Inca empires 2012
Pizarro Conquers the Inca
Pizarro led 160 soldiers to the Incan
homeland
– Raided Incan storehouses & fired guns at
villagers
Incan emperor, Atahualpa, thought
Pizarro was crazy--how could he stand
up to an army of 80,000 Incan
warriors?
1532--Pizarro came up with a plan to
defeat the Inca…
Atahualpa
Pizarro Defeats the Inca
 Spanish messengers invited Atahualpa to a
meeting
 He agreed & left most of his army behind--
brought only 5,000 bodyguards
 Pizarro’s 160 soldiers attacked the Inca &
kidnapped Atahualpa
 Pizarro offered to free Atahualpa if he filled 1
room with gold & 1 with silver
 Atahualpa kept his end of the bargain, but
Pizarro killed him in 1533
After Conquering the Inca…
Spanish king made Pizarro the
governor of Peru
Pizarro’s conquest of Peru opened
most of South America to Spanish rule
Spain controlled a vast territory
covering 375,000 miles with almost 7
million inhabitants
How did the Spanish Conquer the Most
Powerful Empires in the Americas?
1. Weapons: Spanish had guns, canons, &
rode on horses
2. Diseases: European carried diseases such
as smallpox, measles, & chickenpox;
diseases wiped out entire villages
3. Spies: Some Native Americans helped the
conquistadors
 By 1540s, Spain claimed most of the
Americas, while Portugal claimed Brazil

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Fall of the Aztec and Inca empires 2012

  • 1. Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires
  • 2. Spain Vs. Portugal Christopher Columbus asks both countries to sponsor his voyage--Spain agrees Portugal saw the wealth that Spain was gaining, and wanted to be part of the action… Countries became rivals and tried to stop each other from claiming land in the Americas
  • 3. Spain Vs. Portugal 1494--countries signed Treaty of Tordesillas – Set the Line of Demarcation (imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole at 50 degrees longitude) Spain got everything to the west, while Portugal got everything to the east – What language is spoken in most of Latin America today? – What language is spoken in Brazil?
  • 5. Spanish Conquistadors  Soldier-explorers who settled in the Americas in hopes of finding treasure  Inspired by Columbus to seek fortune in the New World  Many came from the part of Spain called Extremadura – Poor soil, icy winters, & blistering hot summers held little chance for wealth – Hernan Cortes was born in this province
  • 7. Hernan Cortes Spanish conquistador who reached Mexico in 1519 in search of treasure Arrived in Mexico with 550 soldiers, 16 horses, 14 canons, & a few dogs Group was met by Aztec emperor, Montezuma II
  • 10. Cortes invades Mexico  How could such a small force conquer a huge empire? 1. Cortes knew how to use Spanish horse and guns to shock Aztecs 2. Malintzin (a Mayan woman) gave Cortes the inside scoop on the Aztec empire & helped him form alliances against Montezuma 3. Cortes had invisible help--diseases that killed more Aztecs than Spanish swords 4. Montezuma believed Cortes to be Quetzalcoatl--an important Aztec god
  • 12. Cortes Defeats the Aztec Cortes traveled 400 miles to reach Tenochitlan Montezuma did not attack right away because he first thought Cortes was Quetzalcoatl Spanish were able to take control of the city & took Montezuma hostage Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop sacrificing people
  • 13. Cortes Defeats Aztec  Cortes’ orders angered Aztec; planned a rebellion  Fighting broke out & Montezuma was killed  Spanish were outnumbered, so they fled the city  Before they could prepare a 2nd attack, smallpox broke out in Tenochitlan & greatly weakened the large Aztec empire  1521--Spanish destroyed the Aztec capital
  • 15. After Conquering the Aztec… Cortes took part in 1 more expedition to Honduras Served as Governor General of New Spain Returned to Spain a very wealthy man Died in Seville, Spain in 1547
  • 16. Francisco Pizarro Pizarro was also from the Extremadura – He was not of noble birth; could not even write his name – At age 16, Pizarro fled a job herding pigs in Italy 1502--he arrived in the Americas and became very wealthy by exploring Panama – Heard a rumor that there was a great empire filled with gold in the mountains of South America…
  • 18. The Inca 1530s--Inca thought they ruled most of the world; two threats from the north proved they did not… 1.They couldn’t stop the spread of smallpox 2. They couldn’t scare away Pizarro
  • 20. Pizarro Conquers the Inca Pizarro led 160 soldiers to the Incan homeland – Raided Incan storehouses & fired guns at villagers Incan emperor, Atahualpa, thought Pizarro was crazy--how could he stand up to an army of 80,000 Incan warriors? 1532--Pizarro came up with a plan to defeat the Inca…
  • 22. Pizarro Defeats the Inca  Spanish messengers invited Atahualpa to a meeting  He agreed & left most of his army behind-- brought only 5,000 bodyguards  Pizarro’s 160 soldiers attacked the Inca & kidnapped Atahualpa  Pizarro offered to free Atahualpa if he filled 1 room with gold & 1 with silver  Atahualpa kept his end of the bargain, but Pizarro killed him in 1533
  • 23. After Conquering the Inca… Spanish king made Pizarro the governor of Peru Pizarro’s conquest of Peru opened most of South America to Spanish rule Spain controlled a vast territory covering 375,000 miles with almost 7 million inhabitants
  • 24. How did the Spanish Conquer the Most Powerful Empires in the Americas? 1. Weapons: Spanish had guns, canons, & rode on horses 2. Diseases: European carried diseases such as smallpox, measles, & chickenpox; diseases wiped out entire villages 3. Spies: Some Native Americans helped the conquistadors  By 1540s, Spain claimed most of the Americas, while Portugal claimed Brazil