Designing Intuitive Site Navigation
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This document provides an overview of information architecture and navigation design for websites. It discusses how to research user needs through methods like card sorting, sitepath diagramming, and task analysis. The presentation covers key principles of information architecture like ensuring navigation has informational scent so users can easily find what they're looking for. The goal is to design intuitive systems that make information easy for users to access and understand where they are at all times.
![About
Me:
Heather
Bauer
• UX
Product
Specialist
at
BioRAFT
• M.S.
in
Human
Factors
in
InformaIon
Design
at
Bentley
University
• Co-‐Organizer
of
Boston
Service
Jam
2014
• Expert
in
Residence
for
GA
UXD
course
summer
2014
drupal.org/u/hezzieb
twi]er.com/hezzieb524
linkedin.com/in/heathersbauer
IntroducIon](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Designing Intuitive Site Navigation
- 1. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com Are Mega Menus Really Heroic? Designing Your Site NavigaIon Heather Bauer Drupal Nights Thursday, March 17, 2016 – 7:00
- 2. About Me: Heather Bauer • UX Product Specialist at BioRAFT • M.S. in Human Factors in InformaIon Design at Bentley University • Co-‐Organizer of Boston Service Jam 2014 • Expert in Residence for GA UXD course summer 2014 drupal.org/u/hezzieb twi]er.com/hezzieb524 linkedin.com/in/heathersbauer IntroducIon
- 3. About BioRAFT • Enterprise safety, compliance & training so`ware for lab scienIsts and those that work with them built with Drupal • SaaS, mulI-‐site applicaIon. • WE’RE HIRING! BioRAFT.com DrupalNights.org IntroducIon
- 5. Agenda • IntroducIon • What is InformaIon Architecture? • How to Research • NavigaIon Overview • NavigaIon Design • Things to Keep in Mind IntroducIon
- 6. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com InformaIon Architecture
- 7. InformaIon Architecture InformaIon Architecture
- 8. InformaIon Architecture • Creates intuiIve ways to navigate data • Makes informaIon easy to find • Schemes must be: – Concise – DescripIve – Mutually exclusive – Possess informaIon scent InformaIon Architecture
- 9. InformaIon Scent? InformaIon Architecture
- 10. InformaIon Scent • Cues that indicate what you’re looking for is down a parIcular path • Informs decisions • Allows informaIon that doesn’t seem relevant to be discarded or ignored InformaIon Architecture
- 11. InformaIon Scent InformaIon Architecture
- 12. What Users Need to Know • Am I in the right place? • Does the site have what I’m looking for? • Is there anything be]er? • What now? InformaIon Architecture
- 13. What Users Need to Know • Am I in the right place? – Make sure they can tell what your site is for – Every page is your home page • Does the site have what I’m looking for? • Is there anything be]er? • What now? InformaIon Architecture
- 14. What Users Need to Know • Am I in the right place? • Does the site have what I’m looking for? – Use organizaIon systems that make sense (e.g. alphabeIcal, by Ime, locaIon, etc.) – Obvious labels – NavigaIon should look like navigaIon – You are here and you were there indicators • Is there anything be]er? • What now? InformaIon Architecture
- 15. What Users Need to Know • Am I in the right place? • Does the site have what I’m looking for? • Is there anything be]er? – Hierarchy should be obvious – Breadcrumbs – “See also” opIons • What now? InformaIon Architecture
- 16. What Users Need to Know • Am I in the right place? • Does the site have what I’m looking for? • Is there anything be]er? • What now? – Next steps should be obvious – Don’t hide the last step to success InformaIon Architecture
- 17. Why Users Visit Your Site • Searching for something • Task to accomplish • Killing Ime • Not always mutually exclusive InformaIon Architecture
- 18. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com Research
- 19. How to Do OrganizaIon • Observe people • Study the compeIIon • Look at the search logs – what are people looking for and not finding? Research
- 20. Doing Your Research • Card Sort • Sitepath diagramming • Task analysis • Journey mapping • Sitemap Research
- 22. Card SorIng • Early stage technique • 2 types: – Open Card Sort: Can make as many groups as appropriate – Closed Card Sort: Groups pre-‐determined • Can be done with users or stakeholders Research
- 23. Card SorIng Tools • SIcky Notes • OpImalSort • UserZoom • UserTesIng.com • Many more: www.measuringuserexperience.com/ CardSorIng/index.htm Research
- 25. Sitepath Diagramming • Sketching system – determine users and their acIviIes • Good for deciding site flow, early UI design, and workflow • Can show a process that you can design for one user and reuse Research
- 26. Sitepath Diagramming Tools • Something to draw on • Lots of colored drawing implements • Draw people (sIck figures A-‐OK) • Personas (OpIonal) Research
- 27. Sitepath Diagramming How To • Draw a circle represenIng your system • Put types of people around the edge (obvious people in upper le`) • Ways people might come to the site (lower le`) • People using the site very differently (right) • Draw the scenarios within the circle Research
- 29. Task Analysis • Much more detailed than Sitepath Diagramming • A way to fill in the li]le pieces the scenarios may gloss over • Helps figure out design quesIons to be answered • Captures subtleIes of each step in the process Research
- 30. Task Analysis How To • Determine task goal • Pull pieces of the scenario that relate directly • Determine subtasks • Determine sub-‐subtasks • Add system interacIon Research
- 32. Sitemapping 4 Types • Tree Map – great for hierarchy • Comb Map – uses space be]er • Star Map – hierarchy isn’t strict • Tab Map – grouped by similariIes instead of hierarchy Research
- 33. Sitemap consideraIons • Big or small? • Shallow or deep? • How important is the hierarchy? • Are there mulIple ways to get to one page? NOTE: No right or wrong answers! Research
- 35. Journey Mapping • IdenIfies problem areas with workflows • Focuses on users’ emoIonal state at a given step • CombinaIon of Sitepath Diagramming/Task Analysis/Sitemap and Personas Research
- 37. Forces at Play • Business • Users • Technology Research
- 38. Roadblocks • SomeImes you can put them in users’ way • SomeImes they cause more harm than good Research
- 39. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com NavigaIon
- 40. Types of NavigaIon • Structural NavigaIon: Hierarchy including global and local • AssociaIve NavigaIon: Similar items that help with exploratory seeking • UIlity NavigaIon: Sign in, user info, etc. NavigaIon
- 41. Types of NavigaIon • Global NavigaIon – Your big categories – Visible from every page – Gives a rough feel for what the site is about • Local NavigaIon – Page specific – Gets to the finer details – Allows for more specific browsing NavigaIon
- 42. NavigaIon Access PogosIcking • Have to go to a parent category before a new sub category • Usually for large, varied collecIons of content • Requires very clear and clickable sense of place • Hiding top level categories – easier to focus • Allows for space saving methods NavigaIon
- 43. NavigaIon Access Crabwalking • Can move between categories at the same depth • Easier error recovery • Requires everything of the same level to be visible at the same Ime NavigaIon
- 44. Faceted ClassificaIon • Good if you have items that can be classified by many characterisIcs • Considers the quesIon of how else someone would search for this • Becoming increasingly common NavigaIon
- 45. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com NavigaIon Design
- 46. NavigaIon LocaIon Top • All navigaIon visible at once • Full width of the screen is available to content below navigaIon • Good if you have a few big categories • Gets messy if you have more than about 5 NavigaIon Design
- 47. NavigaIon LocaIon Le` • More flexible with the number of categories • VerIcal space conInues infinitely • Leaves less space for local navigaIon and content NavigaIon Design
- 48. NavigaIon LocaIon Right • Don’t do it • Least effecIve with users NavigaIon Design
- 49. NavigaIon UI Mega Menu NavigaIon Design
- 50. NavigaIon UI Mega Menu • Jakob Nielsen endorsed Mega Menus in 2009 • Allow you to see mulIple levels of navigaIon • Requires less drill down • Allows for recogniIon over recall • PotenIally overwhelming • Can be used at any level of navigaIon • Take up a large porIon of the screen • Not mobile friendly NavigaIon Design
- 51. NavigaIon UI Breadcrumbs • Provide a trail of hierarchy • Useful for pogosIcking • Expert users get the most use of breadcrumbs • Use > instead of : to indicate hierarchy • Should live right under page Itle • Jury is sIll out on whether they decrease task compleIon Ime or increase success rate NavigaIon Design
- 52. Sub NavigaIon Best LocaIon • Start le` OR top • 2nd and 3rd selecIons should be from the same place but 1st selecIon can be separated • Top-‐le`-‐le` and le`-‐le`-‐le` were the best NavigaIon Design
- 53. Top-‐Le`-‐Le` NavigaIon NavigaIon Design
- 54. Le`-‐Le`-‐Le` NavigaIon NavigaIon Design
- 55. Hover = Bad Usability • People think hover is faster than click • The problems: – Accidental menu triggering/un-‐triggering – Unnatural cursor movements NavigaIon Design
- 56. Absent NavigaIon • When it is crucial for users to take a specified path • Wizards • IniIal setup NavigaIon Design
- 57. How Users Search • Known-‐item search • Exploratory seeking • Don’t know what I need to know • Re-‐finding NavigaIon Design
- 58. NavigaIon for Wayfinding NavigaIon Design
- 59. NavigaIon for Wayfinding • Landmarks are the only way to navigate • Users need to know: – Where they are – Where’s the thing they need – How did they get there? – Where have they already looked? • Be consistent with organizaIon • Provide detours for errors NavigaIon Design
- 60. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com Keep in Mind
- 61. When Organizing Content • Users perform be]er with deep (3 levels) rather than wide (2 levels) navigaIon • Good navigaIonal structure doesn’t make up for junk labels • Organize products/features together with a focus on what they have in common instead of organizing by goal Keep in Mind
- 62. Novices • Only novice for a short Ime • Many plateau at intermediate • Don’t be in the way Keep in Mind
- 63. Sustainable Structures • Allow room for growth (within a secIon and whole new secIons) • Avoid making structures too narrow or deep Keep in Mind
- 64. What’s Different with Mobile? • Space is more limited • Fat Finger Syndrome – targets need to be large enough • NavigaIon may be hidden • Hover is not an opIon • Relevant content may be different Keep in Mind
- 65. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com QuesIons?
- 66. Shameless Plug Encore presentaIon at UXPA Boston on 4/29 @ 1pm h]ps://uxpabostonconference2016.sched.org/ event/6GeO/are-‐mega-‐menus-‐really-‐all-‐that-‐ heroic
- 67. Photo Credits • h]p://downthenaturetrail.blogspot.com/2013/05/architecture-‐ design-‐wallpaper.html • h]ps://www.interacIon-‐design.org/ux-‐daily/194/web-‐user-‐ behaviour-‐directed-‐by-‐informaIon-‐scent • h]ps://www.newfangled.com/an-‐offline-‐informaIon-‐architecture-‐ exercise/ • h]p://itcourses.cs.unh.edu/assets/docs/502/tutorials/fall09-‐tut/ asr25/page2.html • h]p://kaylaashley345.blogspot.com/2013/12/task-‐analysis.html • h]p://imgbuddy.com/pogo-‐sIck-‐clip-‐art.asp • h]ps://www.flickr.com/photos/peterkaminski/47922080 • h]p://www.creaIvebloq.com/navigaIon/design-‐be]er-‐faceted-‐ navigaIon-‐your-‐websites-‐41411437
- 68. Resources • h]p://www.usabilityfirst.com/about-‐usability/informaIon-‐architecture • h]p://www.usabilityfirst.com/glossary/informaIon-‐scent • h]ps://www.interacIon-‐design.org/ux-‐daily/194/web-‐user-‐behaviour-‐directed-‐ by-‐informaIon-‐scent • Wodtke, C., & Govella, A. (2009). Informa=on Architecture: Blueprints for the Web. Pearson EducaIon. • h]p://theuxreview.co.uk/user-‐journeys-‐beginners-‐guide/ • h]p://www.creaIvebloq.com/navigaIon/design-‐be]er-‐faceted-‐navigaIon-‐your-‐ websites-‐41411437 • h]p://www.usability.gov/get-‐involved/blog/2006/11/breadcrumb-‐navigaIon.html • h]p://www.usability.gov/get-‐involved/blog/2006/04/le`-‐navigaIon-‐is-‐best.html • h]p://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v3/n4/full/nn0400_404.html • h]p://www.usability.gov/how-‐to-‐and-‐tools/methods/organizaIon-‐structures.html
- 69. 25 1st St., Suite 104, Cambridge, MA 02141 | www.BioRAFT.com Are Mega Menus Really Heroic? drupal.org/u/hezzieb twi]er.com/hezzieb524 linkedin.com/in/heathersbauer Slides will be available on drupalnights.org/library Heather Bauer Drupal Nights Thursday, March 17, 2016 – 7:00