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U  ERG Mission ,[object Object],http://uwerg.cs.wayne.edu/
Huron – Erie Connecting Channel and the  ‘St Clair Watershed’ Ron Beck, USGS Land Processes Data Center, Satellite System
Emerging contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
30 Most frequently detected organic  wastewater contaminants out of 95 measured: Coprostanol Cholesterol N-N-diethyltoluamide Caffeine Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Triclosan 4-Nonylphenol 4-Nonylphenol monoethoxylate Ethanol 2-butoxy-phosphate 4-Octylphenol monoethoxylate Bisphenol A Cotinine 4-Nonylphenol diethoxylate 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Fluoranthene 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Pyrene Trimethoprim 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Diazinon 4-Methyl phenol Acetominophen Tetrachloroethylene 4-Octylphenol diethoxylate Erythromycin Estriol Lincomycin Sulfamethoxazole Phthalic anhydride Carbaryl from Kolpin et al. 2002
Detection frequency of organic wastewater contaminants   ranked from higher to lower (~ 88% to 21% of samples) [# of compounds in category] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],from Kolpin et al. 2002
from Kolpin et al. 2002 Complex mixtures in streams
Pharmaceuticals ( for treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Biological Target: Cell Receptors Modified from: Cell-Cell Interactions Category: Basic Biology • Science Education Posted on: November 23, 2006, by Coturnix http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cellcell_interactions.php
Non-therapeutic chemical agents with  specific and intended biological targets (not exhaustive list) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Non-therapeutic chemicals with unexpected molecular targets: Endocrine disruptors  (not exhaustive list) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemicals with potential for synergistic or additive  environmental effects: Conceptual example Industry and  Agriculture Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Action : Endocrine Disruption, Antimicrobial, etc.
Exposure to emerging contaminants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evaluating impact of contaminants  on the environment and human health Environmental Sciences: Contaminant Transport and Distribution Biological Sciences: Ecotoxicology Biomedical Sciences: Human Toxicology
Effects on Aquatic Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible evidence of endocrine  disruption in Saint Clair watershed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A complex relationship  with the natural world ! Environmental Life-Cycle of Pharmaceuticals by CG Daughton, US EPA, 2006
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Emerging Contaminant Threats and the Great Lakes

  • 1.  
  • 2.
  • 3. Huron – Erie Connecting Channel and the ‘St Clair Watershed’ Ron Beck, USGS Land Processes Data Center, Satellite System
  • 4.
  • 5.  
  • 6. 30 Most frequently detected organic wastewater contaminants out of 95 measured: Coprostanol Cholesterol N-N-diethyltoluamide Caffeine Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Triclosan 4-Nonylphenol 4-Nonylphenol monoethoxylate Ethanol 2-butoxy-phosphate 4-Octylphenol monoethoxylate Bisphenol A Cotinine 4-Nonylphenol diethoxylate 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Fluoranthene 1,7-Dimethylxanthine Pyrene Trimethoprim 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Diazinon 4-Methyl phenol Acetominophen Tetrachloroethylene 4-Octylphenol diethoxylate Erythromycin Estriol Lincomycin Sulfamethoxazole Phthalic anhydride Carbaryl from Kolpin et al. 2002
  • 7.
  • 8. from Kolpin et al. 2002 Complex mixtures in streams
  • 9.
  • 10. A Biological Target: Cell Receptors Modified from: Cell-Cell Interactions Category: Basic Biology • Science Education Posted on: November 23, 2006, by Coturnix http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cellcell_interactions.php
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Chemicals with potential for synergistic or additive environmental effects: Conceptual example Industry and Agriculture Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Action : Endocrine Disruption, Antimicrobial, etc.
  • 14.
  • 15. Evaluating impact of contaminants on the environment and human health Environmental Sciences: Contaminant Transport and Distribution Biological Sciences: Ecotoxicology Biomedical Sciences: Human Toxicology
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. A complex relationship with the natural world ! Environmental Life-Cycle of Pharmaceuticals by CG Daughton, US EPA, 2006
  • 20.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Coprostanol: cholesterol metabolite and biomarker of fecal contamination Cholesterol: N-N-diethyltoluamide: DEET Caffeine: natural pesticide; nonselective adenosine receptor antag & phoshpodiesterase inhibitor Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate: flame retardant Triclosan: antibacterial & antifungal agent in soap, toothpaste, mouthwash, etc. 4-Nonylphenol: degradation product from detergents 4-Nonylphenol monoethoxylate: degradation product from detergents Ethanol 2-butoxy-phosphate: pesticide 4-Octylphenol monoethoxylate: probably from detergent Bisphenol A – used to make plastics (polycarbonates); estrogenic Cotinine – nicotine metabolite; activates nicotine receptors 4-Nonylphenol diethoxylate – degradation product from detergents 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole: Fluoranthene: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); combustion; carcinogen 1,7-Dimethylxanthine: caffeine metabolite; Pyrene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); combustion Trimethoprim: antibiotic; dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor; urinary tract infections 1,4-Dichlorobenzene: used in moth balls & urinal cakes (replaces naphthalene) Diazinon: organophosphate insecticide; inhibits acetylcholinesterase 4-Methyl phenol: cresols; used to dissolve other chemicals, make insecticides Acetominophen: Tylenol Tetrachloroethylene: dry cleaning fluid; group 2A carcinogen 4-Octylphenol diethoxylate: detergent product Erythromycin: antibiotic Estriol: produced during pregnancy by placenta; bioidentical hormone therapy NO longer used in U.S. as of 2008 Linocmycin: antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole: antibiotic (sulfonamide) Phthalic anhydride: plasticizer for plastics; probably endocrine disruptor Carbaryl: carbamate insecticide; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; third most used insecticide in U.S. – agriculture, gardens, forestry, etc.; probable carcinogen
  2. DEET’s likely Target = - Anopheles gambiae Odorant binding protein 1 (AgamOBP1))
  3. PAHs include very toxic substances and are suspected endocrine disruptors