3. • Resistance -“Employee behavior that seeks
to challenge, disrupt, or invert prevailing
assumptions, discourses, and power
relations.”
• Most business leaders are intimidated by
change and the resistance it brings within
the organization because they do not
understand how to gain information from and
overcome resistance.

4. Albert Einstein
“The significant problems
we face
cannot be solved
at the same level of thinking we
were at
when we created them.”

8. INDIVIDUAL RESISTANCE
Selective
Habit
information
processing
Individual
Resistance
Security
Fear of the
unknown
Economic
factors

9. ORGANIZATIONAL RESISTANCE
Threat to Structural
established inertia
resource
allocations
Organizational
Resistance Limited focus of
change
Threat to
established
power
relationships
Threat to Group inertia
Expertise

10. Sources of Resistance to
Change
• Ignorance: a failure to understand
the situation or the problem
• Mistrust: motives for change are
considered suspicious
• Disbelief: a feeling that the way
forward will not work
• “Power-Cut”: a fear that sources of
influence and control will be eroded.

11. Sources of Resistance to
Change
• Loss: change has unacceptable
personal costs
• Inadequacy: the benefits from the
change are not seen as sufficient
• Anxiety: fear of being unable to cope
with the new situation.

12. Sources of Resistance to
Change
• Comparison: the way forward is
disliked because an alternative is
preferred
• Demolition: change threatens the
destruction of existing social
networks.

13. Types of Resistance
Functional Dysfunctional
Resistance: Resistance:
• critically assessing • avoiding dealing with
whether change will urgent and pressing
lead to improvements issues
• exploring the personal • declining to work on
consequences of what really needs to
change. be done.

14. Types of Resistance
Functional Dysfunctional
Resistance: Resistance
• feelings of regret, • blaming and criticising
anxiety or fear without proposing
• to a previous history alternatives
of non-disclosure • sabotaging change
and poor working • non-collaboration with
relations. others.