The document discusses the physiological systems involved in emotional arousal and change, including the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and limbic system. It focuses on the role of the sympathetic nervous system in preparing the body for "fight or flight" through responses like increased heart rate and respiration. These physiological changes are coordinated by the autonomic nervous system to meet the body's needs during emotional experiences like fear or anger. The parasympathetic nervous system then works to return the body to its normal state once the emotional event passes.

3. Physiological
 behavioral
 cognitive

4. The systems involved in change are
following
Autonomic Nervous System
Glandular System especially adrenal
gland
Limbic System

5.  Most of the physiological change
that take place during emotional
arousal result from activation of
the sympathetic division of the
autonomic system, as it prepares
the body for emergency action.

6.  In normal life, when we experience an intense
emotion, such as fear or anger, we become
aware of many bodily changes which include
 rapid heartbeat and breathing,
 dryness of the throat and mouth
 , increased muscle tension, respiration,
trembling of the extremities and a sinking
feeling in the stomach.

7. Responsible for most of the physiological changes
 ANS is the part of the peripheral nervous
system that carries information between the brain and
all organs of the body.
 The ANS affects all of the organs such as
the heart and blood vessels , the
digestive system and so on.
 The autonomic nervous system
coordinates their functioning to meet the needs of the
whole organism .
 it prepares the body for changes by
modulating the activity of the organism.
 Automatic nervous system has two division
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

8. prepares the organism for vigorous activity
The sympathetic system is responsible for the following changes
 Blood pressure and heart rate increase.
 Respiration becomes more rapid.
 The pupils dilate.
 Perspiration increases while secretion of saliva and
mucous decreases.
 Blood sugar level increases to provide more energy.
 In case of wound the blood clots more quickly.
Blood is diverted from the stomach and intestines to the
brain and skeletal muscles.
 The hair on the skin becomes erect, causing "goose
bumps".
These reactions are called ‘’fight or flight’’ syndrome because
they prepare the body to combat or run from a threatening
situation

9.  The parasympathetic system which is actually
energy conserving system, takes over and
returns the organism to its normal state.
 For example ,during anger , sympathetic
nervous system increases the heart rate and the
parasympathetic nervous system causes tears
to flow in grief
 In both the parasympathetic and sympathetic
systems, there is relay station called a ganglion
between the central nervous system and target
organs.

10. also part of sympathetic nervous system
adrenal gland has two parts
adrenal cortex
 adrenal medulla
both of which participate in emotional responses

11. display of emotional reactions
It consists of
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Septum
 amygdala is involved In emotional awareness
and expressions
;it is also produces reaction of aggression when
stimulated.
Septum has the opposite effect. It reduces the
intensity of emotional reactions when stimulated