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2. LOGO
SHAGUFTA RANI
KHANZADA
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
FACULTY OF CROP PROTECTION
SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, TANDO JAM
PAKISTAN
EFFECT OF HOSTS ON THE BIOLOGY OF CONVERGENT LADYBIRD
BEETLE, HIPPODAMIA CONVERGENS (COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE) IN
LABORATORY CONDITIONS.

3. INTRODUCTION
 The biological control is considered as one of the best components
and vital part of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
 Biological control is also defined as the reduction of pest population
by natural enemies of insect pest,The biological control agents ;
include predators, parasitoids and pathogens.
 Predators, such as lady bird beetles belonging to family
Coccinellidae order Coleoptera are mainly free living species that
consume a large number of prey during their life time.
 The ladybird beetles have a complete metamorphosis with distinct
egg, larval, pupal and adult stages.

4. LIEE CYCLE OF CONVERGENT LADYBIRD BEETLE, HIPPODAMIA
CONVERGENS (COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE

5. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 The studies were carried out to determine the effect of host on the biology of
convergens beetle,Hipodamiaconvergens(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae), in the
laboratory department of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam
The adults, Hippodamia convergens were collected from Integrated pest
Management and Agriculture Research Institute Tandojam fields, and reared
in the laboratory to maintain the culture for experimentation.
The beetles collected from various fields were kept in a glass jar that
was opened from both ends, a slight hole at base and a wide mouth at top.
Bottom was closed by putting some cotton inside it while the face of jar was
covered with muslin cloth surrounded by a rubber band.
 The beetles were offered plenty of food (aphids) along with infested leaves.

6.  The main objectives of studies were to record and compare the effect of
different hosts on incubation, larval, pupal periods, percent emergence,
adult (male and female) longevity, fecundity, and duration of life cycle, were
observed under laboratory respectively.
 The newly hatched larvae (Grubs) were separated from the culture and
reared in petrii dishes and provided different aphid hosts,. The hosts were.
Mustard, (Brassica campestris L ) aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.).
Wheat, (Triticum aestivum L ) aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Linn.)
Nerium,( Nerium indicum L ) aphid, Aphis nerii (Boyr).
Akk,( Calotropis procera Ait.) aphid, Aphis nerii (Boyr.)
Safflower,( Carthamus tinctorius L) aphid, Uroleucon compositae (Theobald).
The data obtained were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and DMR
test by computer programme

7. RESULT

8. Table-1 Effect of various hosts on larval development of
Hippodamia
convergens under laboratory conditions (Mean ± S.E
days). G
Temp: 22.06 ± 1.15 Relative Humidity, 70.38%
Treatment 1st
Instar 2nd
Instar 3rd
Instar 4th
Instar
Nerium Aphid 2.94+0.31c 3.89+0.31e 4.3+0.92d 3.73+ 0.83d
Akk Aphid 3.78+0.75e 3.69+0.07d 5.12+0.76e 3.89+0.57e
Wheat Aphid 1.54+0.15a 2.84+0.47a 3.37+0.35b 2.39+0.36a
Safflower Aphid 2.75+0.35d 2.97+0.11b 3.41+1.22c 2.68+0.61b
Mustard Aphid 2.34+0.56b 3.14+0.60c 2.83+0.35a 3.11+1.27c
LSD 0.05 0.018 0.028 0.032 0.03
Mean followed by the same latter in a coloumn are not significantly
(P<0.05) different from each other by LSD test.

9. Table-2 Effect of various hosts on duration of life cycle of Hippodamia
convergens under laboratory cunditions (Mean ± S.E days).
Host Incubation Larval period Pupal period Adult
Longevity
Male
Female Female
Duration of
life cycle
Nerium Aphid 2.4 14.70 + 0.34d 4.2+1.04d 14.1+3.2a 17.7+2.08a 39.0 a
Akk aphid 2.4 17.22 + 1.07e 4.76+1.25e 18.7+7.3 b 21.4+2.51b 45.78 e
Wheat Aphid 2.4 11.27 + 0.92a 2.42+0.36a 22.9+4.6e 26.0+1.0d 42.09 b
Safflower
Aphid
2.4 12.01 + 0.41c 3.07+0.69c 21.8+6.4c 25.7+3.51c 43.18 c
Musturd
Aphid
2.4 11.86 + 2.40b 2.98+0.24b 22.2+3.2 d 27.7+1.52e 44.94 d
LSD 0.05 - 0.19 0.034 0.052 0.093 2.03
Mean followed by the same latter in a coloumn are not significantly
(P<0.05) different from each other by LSD test.

10. Table –3 Percent mortality of H. convergens during different
stages of development under laboratory condition.
Host Total eggs %mortality of
eggs
1st
instar 2nd
instar 3rd
instar 4th
instar Pupae Total Total
%
Nerium
Aphid
215 32 3 5 5 4 2 19 42.2
Akk Aphid 199 43 6 5 5 4 - 20 44.4
Wheat Aphid 335 61 - 3 4 - - 7 15.6
Safflower
Aphid
314 69 1 7 2 2 3 15 33.4
Mustered
Aphid
345 54 - 1 2 2 4 9 20

11. Table -4 Effect of various host on adult body wheight, fecundity and
Percent fertility of eggs of Hippodamia convergens under laboratory
conditions (Mean ± S.E)
Host Female weight Male weight Fecundity % Fertility
Nerium Aphid 8.3+0.11b 6.1+0.12a 215+15.0b 77.9+2.65a
Akk Aphid 8.1+0.26a 6.2+0.33b 199+16.0a 79.4+6.5b
Wheat Aphid 10.6+0.09d 8.3+0.21d 335+14.0d 82.6+10.9c
Safflower Aphid 9.8+0.34c 6.8+0.81c 314+12.5c 85.4+9.6d
Musturard
Aphid
10.7+0.19e 8.8+0.45e 345+15.0e 86.4+10.2e
LSD 0.05 0.021 0.011 0.061 0.98
Mean followed by the same latter in a coloumn are not
significantly (P<0.05) different from each other by LSD test.

12. CONCLUSION
 As Hippodamia convergens was reared on different host species thus, the longest life cycle was
recorded on Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and shortest life cycle was recorded on Nerium
aphid, Aphis nerii.
 The maximum fecundity and survival rate of H. convergens was observed on wheat aphid, D.
noxia and minimum fecundity and survival rate was recorded when H. convergens fed akk aphid,
Aphis nerii.
 This indicated that the D. noxia is the most and akk aphid, Aphis nerii is the least suitable host
for the development of H convergens.
 Even, akk aphid, Aphis nerii was the juiciest host among other hosts but might be due to
presence of certain alkaloids; those aphid obtained from thus host plant became reason of less
favourable found for H. convergens.

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