synthetic antbiotics

1. Start with the name of Allah
,the most Beneficent and
most Merciful

2. Presented By:
Hina Mahmood
Supervisor:
Dr. Shaukat Ali
Registration No.
2012-ag-1546
University of agriculture, Faisalabad

3.  Definition
 Composition/structure
 Mechanism of action
 Application
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 conclusion

4. Antibiotics :
Substance (such as penicillin) that destroys or inhibits the
growth of other pathogenic microorganisms and is used in the treatment
of external or internal infections.

5. Synthetic antibiotics:
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Chloramphenicol
Vancomycin
Polymycin
Bacitracin
 Aminoglycosides
(gentamycin)
Tetracycline
Macrolides
 Clindamycin
 Streptogramins
 Fluoroquinolones
(ciprofloxacillin)
 Metronidazole
 Rifampin
 Isoniazid
 Sulfonamides
 Trimethoprim

6. Synthetic antibiotics:
general structure of penicillin

7. Members of penicillin class:
Penicilin G ampicillin,
penicilin v ticarcillin

8. Members of penicillin class:
 Cloxacillin amoxicillin
oxacillin, nafcillin

9. Member of Cephalosporin class
 cefadroxil, cephalexin,
cefazolin, cephapirin

10. Classification of antibiotics :
Antibiotics are classified several ways.
 On the basis of mechanism of action
 On the basis of spectrum of activity
 On the basis of mode of action

11. Chloramphenicol

12. Mechanism for the synthesis
of Chloramphenicol

13. Chloramphenicol
 First isolated from Streptomyces Venezuelae
 Useful for eye infections
 Cause bone marrow depression
 Broad-spectrum antibiotic
 Interfering with bacterial protein synthesis
 bacteriostatic
 aplastic anemia
 Through oral route

14. Inhibition of protein synthesis

15.  Do not use Antibiotics in viral disease

16.  Viral diseases
diarrhea
FeverFlu or Cold
Pneumonia

17. Advantages
 treat many diseases
 selectively toxic to microorganisms
 for treatment of cancer
 Also used to treat infectious diseases in
animals
 to control bacteria and fungi that damage
fruit and grain
 as food preservatives
 help the body fight off infections or other
bacterial issues
 in some cases prevent, bacterial infections

18. Disadvantages
 Can react with other medications
 Cause resistance
 Side effects

19. Antibiotics side effects:
Diarrhoea
Bloating and indigestion
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Feeling sick
Itchy skin rash
Coughing
life-threatening allergic reaction

20. Unconsciousness of Patient
• Intake of antibiotic without
proper direction
• Dosage intervals and
completion of the dose.
•Patient stop the drug when
feel better.

21. What Is The Rules Of Pharmacist
The pharmacist should review:
 the previous diseases history.
 Hypersensitivity reaction of Drug
 Drug-drug interaction
 Exact dose and frequency of the drug
 Timing of the drug.
 Ending of the drug

22. My Opinion
The doctor should:
 concern the disease.
 concern the prescription of the drug
The pharmacist should be conscious:
 about the dose
 drug interaction
 resistant
 hypersensitivity of the drug .
The patient should:
 strictly maintain the suggestion of the pharmacist.