RMAN in 12c: The Next Generation (PPT)

RMAN in 12c: The Next
Generation
Presented by : Gustavo René Antúnez
Oracle DBA
The Pythian Group
April, 2014

About Pythian
•  Recognized Leader:
–  Global industry-leader in remote database administration services and
consulting for Oracle, Oracle Applications, MySQL and Microsoft SQL Server
–  Work with over 250 multinational companies such as Forbes.com, Fox Sports,
Nordion and Western Union to help manage their complex IT deployments
•  Expertise:
–  One of the world’s largest concentrations of dedicated, full-time DBA
expertise. Employ 9 Oracle ACEs/ACE Directors.
–  Hold 7 Specializations under Oracle Platinum Partner program, including
Oracle Exadata, Oracle GoldenGate & Oracle RAC
•  Global Reach & Scalability:
–  Around the clock global remote support for DBA and consulting, systems
administration, special projects or emergency response

About Me
–  Oracle DBA
–  Part of the First Oracle
Associate Group
•  Started with Version 9.2 in 2004
–  With The Pythian Group for the
last year
–  Movie Fanatic
–  Music Lover
–  Bringing the best from México
(Mexihtli) to the rest of the world
and in the process
photographing it :)
–  reneantunez.com
–  @grantunez
•  #CLV14

Happiest Job of 2014!*
*http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/03/20/the-happiest-and-unhappiest-jobs-in-2014/
Work-life
balance
Relationship with
boss and co-
workers
Daily tasks
Job
resources
Field will grow by
15% between
2012 and 2022
DBA can be the
key driver of
success

What is a Pluggable Database?
•  Container database (CDB) is an Oracle
database that includes zero, one, or many
customer-created Containers or Pluggable
Databases.
•  A pluggable Database (PDB) is a user-created
container holding the data and code for your
specific applications

What is a Pluggable Database?
Root
(CDB$ROOT)
CDB
hrpdb salespdb
Seed
(PDB$SEED)
CDB
Administrator
Sales Application
HR Application
PDB
Administrator
for hrpdb
PDB
Administrator
for salespdb
Logical
Physical
Database
Control
Files
Data
Files
Online
Redo Log
10101 10101
Archived
Redo Log
Flashback
Log

What is RMAN?
•  Oracle utility to perform backup and recovery, available
since version 8
RMAN Utility
Channel
Target
DB
Server
Session
MML
DISK
Executable found in
$ORACLE_HOME/bin
recover.bsq
(library file)

What do you need to
backup?
•  Critical
–  Data files
–  Control files
–  Archived Redo logs (If Inconsistent Backup taken)
–  Root DB (12c)
•  In line with the DR strategy
–  Parameter File (pfile or spfile)
–  Block Change Tracking File
–  ORACLE_HOME/GRID_HOME/
configuration files
–  tnsnames.ora / listener.ora/ sqlnet.ora
Not through
RMAN

How does an RMAN
backup work?
Datafiles
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
Input I/O Buffers
Validation
Compression
Encryption
1 MB 1 MB
1 MB 1 MB
Channel
Output Buffers Backup Piece
1
2
3
4
Read Phase Copy Phase Write Phase

Benefits of the
RMAN Catalog
RMAN
Target
DB
Target
DB
Target
DB
Catalog
DB
Repository for multiple incarnations of a
single target metadata about RMAN backups
Store RMAN backup scripts
Another Database to keep control off
It can keep backup history
longer than the controlfile
can keep it
(Depends on value of
CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME)
Centralized
Reporting Purposes

What to consider before
configuring your RMAN backups
•  Fast Recovery Area (FRA)
Size DB
BackupFRA Disk
Quota
Size of
Incremental
BU
Size of (n+1)
days of
Archived
Redo logs
Size of
controlfile
Size of Online
Redo* # of
Groups
Size of
Flashback
logs
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Useful views
• V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE
• V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

What to consider before
configuring your RMAN backups
•  Catalog or no catalog Database
•  ARCHIVELOG vs NOARCHIVELOG
•  CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_TIME_KEEP
•  Set NLS parameters accordingly
–  Values from view V$NLS_PARAMETERS
–  NLS_DATE_FORMAT='DD-MON-YYYY
HH24:MI:SS’
–  NLS_LANG=american_america.we8iso8859p1

Configuring RMAN
Default Settings
•  CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
–  When formatting your output, be sure to always include the DBID
•  CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
•  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BE
BACKED UP 3 TIMES TO DISK;
%I %d_%I_%s_%T_%t
%U

12c New features
•  Support for multitenant container databases and
pluggable databases
•  SYSBACKUP Privilege
•  SQL Interface Improvements
•  Active Database Duplication Improvements
•  Recovering Tables and Table Partitions from RMAN
Backups

SYSBACKUP Privilege
•  Can connect with the “as sysbackup”
•  OS System Groups (OSDBA or OSBACKUPDBA)
•  For Windows need to have set
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(NTS)
CONNECT / AS SYSBACKUP
CONNECT /@cdb1 AS SYSBACKUP
orapwd FILE='orapwcdb1' ENTRIES=5
DBUNIQUENAME='cdb1' SYSBACKUP=y

SYSBACKUP Privilege
•  Operations Allowed :
–  STARTUP/ SHUTDOWN
–  ALTER DATABASE/ SYSTEM/ SESSION/ TABLESPACE
–  FLASHBACK DATABASE/ RESUMABLE
–  DROP DATABASE/ TABLESPACE/ RESTORE POINT (including
GUARANTEED restore points)

SYSBACKUP Privilege
•  Operations Allowed :
–  SELECT
•  X$ tables (that is, the fixed tables)
•  V$ and GV$ views (that is, the dynamic performance views)
•  APPQOSSYS.WLM_CLASSIFIER_PLAN
•  SYSTEM.LOGSTDBY$PARAMETERS
–  EXECUTE
•  SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE
•  SYS.DBMS_RCVMAN
•  SYS.DBMS_DATAPUMP

SUPPORT FOR MULTITENANT CONTAINER
DATABASES AND PLUGGABLE DATABASES
•  Provides full backup and recovery support, not only for
your container database, but also for one or all of your
pluggable databases
•  Backup of the CDB will include
–  CDB$ROOT, PDB$SEED and ALL PDBs
•  Backup of the PDB will include
–  Only the PDB connected to
–  Important to have control file autobackup on

•  Backing up the CDB and all of its PDBs
rman target sys/oracle@cdb1
connected to target database: CDB1 (DBID=808250731)
RMAN backup database plus archivelog;
•  Backing up just one PDB
rman target sys/oracle@pdb1
RMAN backup database;
•  Backing up the root
rman target sys/oracle@cdb1
RMAN backup database root;

•  Restoring a PDB
oracle $ rman target sys/oracle@cdb1
RMAN RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1;
RMAN RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1;
RMAN ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1 OPEN;

•  Be careful when dropping a PDB
RMAN drop pluggable database PDB1;
Statement processed
RMAN RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1;
Starting restore at 13/02/2014 11:18:26
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=41 device type=DISK
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/13/2014 11:18:27
RMAN-06813: could not translate pluggable database PDB1

•  Viewing the Definition of your Containers
RMAN report schema;
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 790 SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/
o1_mf_system_9c522mbz_.dbf
5 250 PDB$SEED:SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/
o1_mf_system_9c5257ms_.dbf
…
7 590 PDB$SEED:SYSAUX *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/
o1_mf_sysaux_9c5257mj_.dbf
8 260 PDB1:SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/
EDDDC5E35CF7216DE043344EB2C0AB6F/datafile/o1_mf_system_9c52fqt1_.dbf

•  Viewing the definition of your backups
RMAN list backup tag TAG20140125T164644;;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
11 Full 1.34G DISK 00:01:19 25-JAN-14
BP Key: 11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140125T164644
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/CDB1/backupset/2014_01_25/
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140125T164644_9g8m74qz_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 11
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 2230796 25-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/o1_mf_system_9c522mbz_.dbf
3 Full 2230796 25-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9c520w6w_.dbf
…

•  Viewing the definition of your backups (continued)
…
Container ID: 3, PDB Name: PDB1
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
8 Full 2230931 25-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/EDDDC5E35CF7216DE043344EB2C0AB6F/
datafile/o1_mf_system_9c52fqt1_.dbf
9 Full 2230931 25-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/EDDDC5E35CF7216DE043344EB2C0AB6F/
datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9c52fqvt_.dbf
…
Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
5 Full 1732663 18-DEC-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/o1_mf_system_9c5257ms_.dbf
7 Full 1732663 18-DEC-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9c5257mj_.dbf

Recovering Tables and Table Partitions
from RMAN Backups
Target Database
DB in read-write
mode
ARCHIVELOG
MODE
RMAN backup
as existed at the
point in time
1 Gigabyte extra
in memory for
the auxiliary
database
12.1, you need to
use a
SERVICE_NAME

Recovering Tables and Table Partitions
from RMAN Backups
RMAN RECOVER TABLE 'TEST'.'RENE' OF PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB1
2 UNTIL TIME to_date('26-JAN-2014 17:08:20','dd-MON-yyyy
hh24:mi:ss')
3 AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/u01/app/oracle/exports'
4 REMAP TABLE 'TEST'.'RENE':'RENE_RCV';

SQL Interface Improvements
•  You no longer need to enclose the SQL command
in quotes
RMAN select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
CDB1
RMAN select a.con_id,a.file_id,substr(a.file_name, instr(a.file_name,
'/',-1)+1) file_name from cdb_data_files a;
CON_ID FILE_ID FILE_NAME
---------- ----------
------------------------------------------------------------
2 5 o1_mf_system_9c5257ms_.dbf
…
9 rows selected.

Active Database Duplication
Improvements
•  It is defined as a duplicate database that is
created over a network without restoring backups
Source
Host
Source
Database
Source
Instance
Auxiliary
Instance Duplicate
Database
Destination
Hostpush-based
active duplication
pull-based
active duplication
Connect
Target
Connect
Auxiliary
RMAN
Client

Improvements
oracle $ rman target sys/oracle@cdb1 auxiliary sys/oracle@cdb2
connected to auxiliary database: CDB2 (not mounted)
RMAN DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO cdb2 FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
PASSWORD FILE
USING COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
Starting Duplicate Db at 26/01/2014 22:25:43
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
current log archived

Improvements
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/orapwcdb1'
auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/orapwcdb2' ;
}
…
contents of Memory Script:
{
…
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
restore clone from service 'cdb1' using compressed backupset
primary controlfile;
alter clone database mount;
}
…
Starting restore at 26/01/2014 22:25:52
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using compressed network backup set from
service cdb1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB2/controlfile/
o1_mf_9c524smo_.ctl

EM12c and RMAN 12c
•  You can manage most of RMAN’s features via a GUI
interface.
•  Using EM 12c also removes the need to continuously
maintain RMAN scripts and crontab jobs
•  View a more friendly report of your backups
•  You need to have a credentialed OS account
•  Targets à Databases à DB_NAME àAvailability
àBackupRecovery.

Viewing Backup Reports
RMAN list backup tag TAG20140212T191237;
List of Backup Sets
===================
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
67 Full 1.88G DISK 00:02:41 12/02/2014 19:15:19
BP Key: 67 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140212T191237
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/CDB1/backupset/2014_02_12/
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140212T191237_9hrbjrqd_.bkp
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 Full 3220602 12/02/2014 19:12:38 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB1/datafile/
o1_mf_system_9c522mbz_.dbf
o1_mf_sysaux_9c520w6w_.dbf
o1_mf_undotbs1_9c524cnr_.dbf
o1_mf_users_9c524bjm_.dbf

Viewing Backup Reports
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
69 Full 680.13M DISK 00:00:24 12/02/2014 19:16:32
BP Key: 69 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag:
TAG20140212T191237
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/CDB1/
EDDDB886A1191F07E043344EB2C0BE27/backupset/2014_02_12/
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140212T191237_9hrbq8lm_.bkp
Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
5 Full 1732663 18/12/2013 22:52:25 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
CDB1/datafile/o1_mf_system_9c5257ms_.dbf
7 Full 1732663 18/12/2013 22:52:25 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
CDB1/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9c5257mj_.dbf

Group Backups
•  Great advantage as you have to set up the
following only once per group:
–  Backup Storage Settings
–  Recovery Catalog Settings
–  Backup Type
–  Frequency
•  Administrative Groups
–  Adding a new target to it, it will automatically use
these properties

FIT-ACER
•  F – Focus (SLOW DOWN! Are you ready?)
•  I – Identify server/DB name, time, authorization
•  T – Type the command (do not hit enter yet)
•  A – Assess the command (SPEND TIME HERE!)
•  C – Check the server / database name again
•  E – Execute the command
•  R – Review and document the results

Thank you – QA
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RMAN in 12c: The Next Generation (PPT)

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