Participatory technology development, a research based project assisted by DFID through NR international.It was done in western Odisha, which experiencec drought in every alternate year. To over come water stress condition different technologies were tested.

1. Government of Orissa
Department for International Development
WESTERN ORISSA RURAL LIVELIHOODS PROJECT
CNTR: 98 7800
PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF
MICRO IRRIGATION
DECEMBER 2004
S. C. Bisoyi
S. K. Mohanty
G. Behera
(Working Paper No.24)

2. International Development Enterprises (India)
Regional Office Bhubaneswar

3. DISCLAIMER
This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for
International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views
expressed are not necessarily those of DFID.

5. Project Status Report
January - October 2004
Submitted to
Orissa Watershed Development Mission
(OWDM)
Bhubaneswar
October, 2004
Project Title:
PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
AND PROMOTION OF MICRO IRRIGATION
International Development Enterprises (India)

6. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
AM – Area Manager
APD – Assistant Project Director
ASCO - Assistant Soil Conservation Officer
BK – Bucket Kit
CBDA - Chakutia Bhunjia Development Agency
CBO - Community Based Organization
CBT – Capacity Building Team
CDS - Customized Drip System
COM – Chief Operating Manager
DFID – Department for International Development
DK – Drum Kit
DP - Demo Plot
FNK - Family Nutrition Kit
FO – Field Officer
FYM – Farm Yard Manure
GSM - Graphic Standard Manual
HDPE - High Density Polyethylene
IDEI – International Development Enterprises (India)
KB - Krishak Bandhu
LST – Livelihood Support Team
LLDPE - Linear Low Density Polyethylene
LDPE - Low Density Polyethylene
LWSI - Lutheran World Service India
MDPE - Medium Density Polyethylene
NPK – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
NRI – Natural Resource International
OWDM – Orissa Watershed Development Mission
PIA – Project Implementing Agency
PTD – Participatory Technology Development
PD – Project Director
PP – Pressure Pump
PVC - Poly Vinyl Chloride
PE - Polyethylene
QAM – Quality Assurance Manager
R&WP – Rope and Washer Pump
STP – Surface Treadle Pump
UV - Ultra Violet
VW - Vermi Wash
WDT – Watershed Development Team
WDC – Watershed Development Committee
WTO – Working Through Others
WORLP – Western Orissa Rural Livelihood Project
WSB - Water Storage Bag

7. Table of Contents...
The Backdrop ... 01
Activity Calendar ... 02
Taking Off ... 03
Project Framework ... 04
Feasibility Study ... 06
The Process of PTD (MI) ... 07
Technology Installations ... 07
Integrated Systems at Work ... 08
Technology Modification through User Feedback ... 09
Building Motivation ... 10
Capacity Building ... 11
Exposure Visit to Karnataka ... 13
Usefulness of Micro Irrigation
Technologies and Crop Practices ... 14
Monitoring Functional Efficacy ... 16
Water Lifting Devices
Water Application - Drip Irrigation System
Vermi Wash
Impact Assessment ... 19
Benefits and Costs ... 21
Reaching Out & Promotion of MI Systems ... 24
Visitors ... 27
Major Learnings ... 28
Acknowledgements ... 28
Annexure: 1
Farmer’s Feedback on Various Products ... 29
Annexure: 2
KB Drip: An Innovation in Low Cost Drip Irrigation ... 31
Annexure: 3
Maintenance Manual (STP) ... 33
Annexure: 4
Customized Drip (Installation Process) ... 35

8. The Backdrop
International Development Enterprises (India), in
short IDEI, is committed to alleviating hunger and
WORLP GOAL poverty while assisting in rational utilization of
Western Orissa Rural Livelihood water resources. IDEI believes that improving the
Project (WORLP) -- a ten years livelihoods of small holders through appropriate
project funded by DFID and and affordable, pro-poor income generating tech-
implemented by OWDM, Govt. of
nology is an effective and direct way to address
Orissa -- has been established
with a goal to bring -- the needs of the rural poor. The concept of
sustainable rural livelihood is at the core of
“More effective approaches IDEI’s vision for the future.
to Sustainable
Rural Livelihoods Western districts of Orissa are the poorest
adopted by government
districts in the country -- prone to frequent drought.
agencies and other
stakeholders in KBK The overall ground water development particularly
districts and elsewhere”. in Bolangir and Nuapada districts are only 10%
and 14%, respectively. However, there is a huge
potential for well regulated ground water utiliza-
IDEI MISSION
tion -- in Bolangir, for example, in 70% areas
For more than 11 years, the water is available at a depth of only 4 - 6 metres
International Development
in peak summer.
Enterprises (India) - IDEI - has
successfully pursued its mission The10 years long-term program under WORLP has
to reduce hunger and poverty
through promotion of affordable a clear focus on more effective approaches to
irrigation technology leading to Sustainable Rural Livelihoods through effective
additional wealth generation for utilization of ground water. The Orissa Watershed
the smallholders. The notion of Development Mission (OWDM), the implementing
sustainable rural livelihood is at
agency of the Government of Orissa, is commit-
the core of IDEI’s vision for the
future. ted to achieve the project goal, with its pro-poor
strategy.
‘To improve equitably the
social, economic and WORLP identified the strength of IDEI and they
environmental conditions jointly decided upon the areas of action research,
of families in need, with
and accordingly IDEI prepared a joint action plan
special emphasis on the
rural poor, by identifying, with the NRI -- a technical partner
developing and marketing of WORLP. Both WORLP and IDEI
affordable, appropriate and see a need to examine opportu-
environmentally sustain- nities for assisting the poor
able solutions through
market forces.’
farmers to make their farming
systems more resilient, diverse
and productive. They believe that
this could be done only through
participatory processes.
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9. Activity Calendar
Sl. No. Period Name of the Activity Tangible Achievement
01. Jan 2004 Staff development and Taking off
induction
Familiarizing with people,
partners and places
Development of framework
and identification of
nucleus villages
2. Feb 2004 Feasibility study Focus area of PTD selected
Technology identification/ Technology selected
development Technology development
3. Mar-Oct ’04 Technology installation Modification of technology
Apr-Oct ’04 Monitoring Functionality through farmers’ feedback
Sept ’04 Technology modification
through farmers’ feedback
4. Aug ’04 Building motivation on New practices introduced,
agronomic practices crop rotation enhanced
Apr-Oct ’04 Agri information New information on agricul-
dissemination ture and market, shared
among farmers
5. Jun-Sept ’04 Training on agronomic Skill imparted to farmers
practices
Sept-Oct ’04 Technology related training Farmers acquainted with
repair & maintenance of
different technologies
Aug-Oct ’04 Farmers’ training on Technology adopted
low-cost technologies
May-Oct ’04 Farmers’ meetings/camps Sharing learnings
Aug-Oct ’04 Vermi Wash Trainings Vermi Wash adopted by
farmers
6. August ’04 Workshops Learning on different tech-
nology and applications
Apr-Oct ’04 Live demos Created desire and interest
for spreading of technology
Aug-Oct ’04 Exposure Visits Seeing is believing
7. May ’04 Exposure visit to Thorough knowledge on
Karnataka MI system
8. July ’04 Impact Assessment Farmers are benefited
9. Oct ’04 Farmer’s Survey Cost Benefit Analysis
10. July-Sept ’04 Promotional Strategy GSM and Training Manual
11. Jan-Oct ’04 Report Preparation Process Documentation
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10. Taking Off...
Staff Deployment and Induction
Immediately after the approval of the project, IDEI deployed its field staff for
executing the project activities. Mr. Gundicha Behera, Area Manager (AM); Mr. SK
Mohanty, Quality Assurance Manager (QAM); Mr. Dibyasingha Pradhan and
Mr. Ashok kumar Parida, Field Officers (FOs) were assigned responsibilities to
implement the activities under the Participatory Technology Development Programme
(PTD). Project staff were introduced to the plan of action by Mr. Suresh Chandra
Bisoyi, Chief Operating Manager (COM) of IDEI, Regional Office, Bhubaneswar. He
explained the objectives, methodologies and various frameworks of Participatory
Technology Development (PTD) on micro irrigation at Regional office Bhubaneswar.
A copy of the project document was also shared among them for clarity and under-
standing.
Familiarizing with people, partners and place
Although IDEI has its presence in the districts of Western Orissa for more than a
decade, it was felt necessary to get familiar with the specific areas, farmers and
the partners involved in the implementation process before the commencement of
the project activities. Maximum time was devoted to visit to the areas, partners
and the farmers during the month of January. In this context the WORLP staffs of
Bolangir and Nuapada, PIAs of different Watersheds, CBOs and farmers were
visited. IDEI’s role and involvement in the PTD was discussed with them.
Development of framework and identification of nucleus villages
Together with the APDs, PIAs and CBT members a framework for activities on
selection of nucleus villages, technology selection, farmers selection, etc were
drawn up. Interface with the stakeholders helped a lot to understand each other
and initiate activities on PTD for micro irrigation.
In consultation with PD, APD, CBT members and different PIAs, ten villages
were selected as the focus area of the programme:
Villages GP Block District Name of Association
1 Asuramunda Bakti Agalpur Bolangir Asuramunda
Watershed Association
2 Khuntulimunda Patuapalli Agalpur Bolangir Ramaibaba Watershed
Association
3 Bhalukuna Halanbhata Tureikela Bolangir Lantbudha Watershed
Association
4 Ghunesh Ghunesh Tureikela Bolangir Maakhardanen
Watershed Association
5 Telenpalli Telenpalli Khaprakhol Bolangir Tiranger Watershed
Association
6 Sindhabahali Rengali Khaprakhol Bolangir Bharatmata Watershed
Association
7 Adar Soseng Komna Nuapada Adar Watershed
Association
8 Gatibeda Sunabeda Komna Nuapada Gatibeda Watershed
Association
9 Pandripani Chulabhata Nuapada Nuapada Chulabhata Watershed
Association
10 Kalmidadar Motanuapara Nuapada Nuapada Khalianal Watershed
Association 03
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11. Project Framework
PARTNERSHIP WITH PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY (PIA)
To cover all the groundwork for the project, partnerships were established with
the various local PIAs which included both Government Departments and NGOs.
These PIAs were introduced and oriented to the various aspects of technology
and trials.
NEED ASSESSMENT PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY
The findings of the study high- DEVELOPMENT (PTD)
lighted various features like Technologies were designed according to the
the present means of irriga- need of the farmers, which directly related to
tion, water depth, water water lifting, storage, distribution, application,
source & type, land type & etc. The design and development of technol-
topography, type of soil, ogy was made in such a way that it reduces
distance of water source, and women drudgery such as Surface Treadle Pump
maintenance cost of irrigation (STP), Pressure Pump (PP), Rope & Washer
device, difficulty faced in Pump (R&WP), KB Drip Irrigation Systems
maintenance, and constraints (Bucket Kit, Drum Kit & Customized drip),
and opportunities. Water Storage Bag, etc.
This finding pointed to a fair
chances of adoption of tech-
nologies like Surface Treadle
Pump and Pressure Pump in
the areas where the water
table is within 25 feet during
the summer. There is also a
fair and proportionate chance
of adoption of Rope and
Washer Pump devices at
places where the water table
goes above 25 feet during cer-
tain time of the year.
TECHNOLOGY
DEMONSTRATION AND
USER FEEDBACK
Early adopters were identified
with the help of concerned PIA &
Watershed Committee members.
With these adopters, various
technology trials were conducted
through demo plots and User
Feedback is being obtained at
regular intervals.
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12. PRODUCT
MODIFICATION TRAINING TO
FARMERS & PIAs
Technologies installed are
closely monitored at Training to farmers and PIAs has been considered to be
frequent intervals and the essential to enhance their capacity on various aspects of
feedback from farmers are the technologies being promoted and the promotional
regularly collected. Based activities to be conducted. It will involve developing a
on the feedback, necessary Training Module for PIAs, conducting training programs
modifications are being for technologies, practical demonstration of technology,
carried out, and field maintenance, etc.
tested in various demo
plots. A continuous refine-
ment process helps in
improvement of the
efficacy of technologies.
PROCESS DOCUMENTATION
AND IMPACT STUDY
DEVELOPING Process documentation to be carried out throughout the
life of the Project. Both monthly and quarterly progress
PROMOTIONAL
reports will be submitted to the NR International, Orissa,
STRATEGY Watershed Development Mission and WORLP. Besides,
Development of promo- studies like Baseline Survey of the Farmers, Impact Study
tional strategies is done of the users are to be carried out.
with close association of
PIA and WORLP staff. The
process goes through iden-
tifying the potential areas
for promotion, local means
of promotion, generating
ideas from farmer and
partner meets. It may be
static, dynamic or mass
media use for promotion.
05
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13. Feasibility Study
IDEI carried out a techno-feasibility study with the following objectives:
Objectives:
To understand the soil structure, existing water sources, level of water in different
seasons, distance from water sources mostly used for agriculture purposes, topogra-
phy, irrigation devices used, cost effectiveness of the devices used, aspects of repairing
and maintenance, etc.
To observe the practices in the field by moving from village to village and area to area.
To have a clarity on the constraints and opportunities that the smallholders have which
could form the basis for developing the strategy for improving their livelihoods by
utilizing the available land and water resources in the area.
Methodology:
Farmers were contacted individually and in groups on a random basis in ten villages of all the
five blocks of Bolangir and Nuapada districts. Both individual and group discussions
concentrated on the aspects of land and water management, sources of water for irrigation,
use of existing irrigation devices and their cost effectiveness, constraints and opportunities
related to agriculture, etc. Besides, the key informants such as village teachers, postmasters,
VAWs, and watershed committee members were contacted for seeking and verifying
information on the above aspects.
The data thus collected, as well as field observations, were analyzed and interpreted by the
project staff. The major findings of the survey were also shared among other internal staff
of IDEI, and other stakeholders of WORLP, to get their feedback and further validate the
findings.
Summary of Findings and Recommendations:
The findings encouraged a fair chance of adoption of technologies like Surface Treadle
Pump, Rope and Washer Pump, and Pressure Pump in the area as the water table was found
within 25 feet during the summer. It was also understood that a majority of the population
does not have access to irrigation water and are dependent on the rain. Hence there is a
need to work on developing technologies for water storage to facilitate irrigation.
Some significant observations pertained to:
Approximately 55% of the farmers have access to clean water.
About 58% of the population have their farm fields on the upland and hence would need water
lifting devices for irrigation.
The land topography of the region with 68% lands being slightly slopy necessitates introduction
of drip irrigation technologies like Drum Kit, Bucket Kit, and customized systems.
About 40% of the soil is primarily clay and around 20% each is loamy and sandy. This provides an
indication that the region needs different types of technologies for irrigation.
Nearly 40% of the farmers have their land within 2 meters of the water source and around 33%
have their water source at a distance of 4-6 meters.
As high as 95% of the population do not use any water lifting device for irrigation. They use
primitive technologies for irrigation. As a matter of fact over 60% of the farmers do not have any
source of irrigation.
IDEI’s past experience says that over 80% of the treadle pump users say that they have to spend
less than Rs. 100/- annually on its maintenance. Simple and efficient technologies like Surface
Treadle Pumps, Rope and Washer Pumps and Pressure Pumps may require a maximum mainte-
nance cost of Rs.300/-.
There is also a need to train mistries at local levels so that farmers do not have to face difficulties
in getting devices repaired on time. IDEI already has over a decade experience in establishing a
chain of network for the efficient delivery of technology to the farmers as well as training mistries
so that farmers do not face difficulty in installation and in repair.
Farmers are facing a number of constraints during agriculture operations in respect of getting 06
true to the type of seed, not habituated to practise suitable crop pattern for the suitable soil,
suitable and affordable technologies for irrigation, etc.
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14. The Process o f P T D (M I)
PROTOTYPE RECOMMENDATION
DEVELOPMENT & COMMERCIALIZATION
INSTALLATION PRODUCT
IN THE FIELD FABRICATION
FEEDBACK DESIGN
COLLECTION STANDARDIZATION
PROBLEM PRODUCT/COMPONENT
ANALYSIS MODIFICATION
TECHNOLOGY INSTALLATIONS
The technology installation work started in Febru-
ary. By end of Otober, the following have been
installed, demonstrated, tested and modified in the
project area:
Surface Treadle Pump (STP) 139
Bucket Kit (BK) 14
Drum Kit (DK) 16
Pressure Pump (PP) 03
Rope & Washer Pump (R&WP) 03
Customized Drip System (CDS) 03
Family Nutrition Kit (FNK) 03
Water Storage Bag (WSB) 02
Vermi Wash (VW) 112
Nursery Tray 33
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15. INTEGRATED SYSTEMS AT WORK
LOW COST
WATER STORAGE BAG
This product has been
installed at Telenpalli,
Bolangir District, as a first of
its kind. It has a storage
capacity of 10,000 liters, of
the run off rain water. This
water then can be easily used
for irrigation during the
water-stress period.
CUSTOMIZED
DRUM KIT
LOW COST DRIP
INTEGRATED WITH
SYSTEM
ROPE & WASHER PUMP
INTEGRATED WITH
This is an innovative case. PRESSURE PUMP
A Rope & Washer pump has
The Pressure Pump is used
been installed for lifting
to lift water from nala to fill
water, which fills the drum for
up the drum for drip-irri-
drip irrigation purpose. The
gation purpose. To know its
trial is on in Ghunesh village,
efficacy, a check-plot and a
Bolangir District.
demo-plot have been tried
out adjacent to each other.
NURSERY RAISING
IDEI has also imparted
training on the use of
germination tray for
nursery purposes. In all
the 10 project villages, the
training was conducted on
the use of the same along
with organic mixtures for
the preparation of seed-
lings of different veg-
etables.
During the training
program all the farmers
have shown their interest
to practice the nursery by
themselves independently
with the help of germina-
tion tray in addition to seed
bed systems.
08
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16. VERMI-WASH
The training programs on Vermi-wash have
been organized for the farmers of the project
area to practice the same in the demo plots.
The training included elaboration on the
process of vermi-wash preparation, followed
by practical demonstration.
The following benefits on the use of vermi-
wash were discussed with the participants:
Increase in the rate of photo synthesis in
crop/plant.
Increase in the number of micro-
organism in the soil.
Increase in the crop yield.
Increase in pest resistance.
Increase in the rate of
decomposition of compost.
TECHNOLOGY MODIFICATION THROUGH USER FEEDBACK
Technology Problems Solutions
Warpage of bottom plate Manufacturing process modified
STP Bucket washer wearing fast Composition changed
Check valves cut Thickness increased and
composition modified
DRIP IRRIGATION Insufficient water leads to Redefined the micro tubes
plant failure per plant
PP Bucket washer wearing Composition modified
out fast
R & WP Breakage of the handle Welding made once
WSB No problems so far
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17. B u i l d i n g Motivation ...
Seeds, Seedlings and basal dose fertilizer have been used for the demonstra-
tion plots where a technology has been installed. Besides, cropping plan was
discussed with the farmers and accordingly resources chanalised.
Ten mini sprayers were procured for the ten focus villages of the PTD (micro
irrigation) so that the concerned farmers of the demo plots could use it on
sharing basis. Thus affordable technology was promoted and famers were
motivated to adopt it.
Farmers have been made aware of the varieties of the seeds/seedling to be
planted, doses of fertilizer application, techniques of pesticide spray, application
of FYM, etc. The demo plots so
far have developed good plant
health, expecting good harvest.
The use of low cost plastic
delivery pipes were introduced
in most of the demo plots to
show people that it saves water
from seepage, and provides
quick irrigation with the help of
a STP.
Dissemination of Agri-information
among Farmers
IDEI distributed “KRISHAK BANDHU ANNAPURNA”
a monthly agriculture related magazine in Oriya
language containing information on different crops,
their management and practices, success stories
of farmers, innovations in the field of agriculture,
findings of the research institute, market price
information and guidance to set up the small agri-
based firms/units, etc. This was disseminated
amongst selected farmers and has been found to
be very effective.
Similarly, IDEI printed literatures on “KEUN
SAMAYARE KEUN PANIPARIBA LAGAIBA” meaning
“when to plant which vegetables” and “FALA
CHASARA SAPHALATA” meaning “benefits of fruit
cultivation” and circulated among the farmers. Most
of the farmers and other stakeholders are of the
opinion that this information has benefited them
and enhanced their knowledge on vegetable and
horticultural crops.
10
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18. Capacity Building
Training in Agronomic Practices
This training covered important aspects such as land and water management, crop and
pest management, use of organic fertilizer, crop rotation, multiple cropping, etc. Farmers
closely interacted with the resource persons on crop specific problems being faced by them.
The resource persons were experts from the local area of Bolangir and Nuapada districts.
The farmers who received training were followed up at regular intervals.
Technology related training
The training programme on installation, repairing and maintenance of Drum Kit and Bucket
Kit was organized in various places, where the farmers, CBT members, WDT members,
PIAs, LSTs of Nuapada and Bolangir district participated in the training.
On the job training on manufacturing of STP, Rope and Washer pump, Pressure pump was
imparted to the concerned manufacturers. The drawing and design of the systems were
discussed with the technical staff of the manufacturers. They first made the sample proto-
type under the guidance of the Quality Assurance Manager (QAM) of IDEI.
A technology training programme was also organized at Moorsingh (non-WORLP area)
under Deogam block of Bolangir district. Local people accepted STP and expressed their
confidence on the efficacy of this technology. It was observed that replication of this
technology was easy in this locality.
Farmers’ training on low cost technologies
A farmers training on different low cost water lifting and distribution technologies, was
organized by IDEI in collaboration with CBDA (PIA of Komna block) at Gatibeda of Nuapada
district. Thirtyseven farmers, including six women, were trained to distinguish between
bacterial and viral wilt and to take appropriate measures. The farmers were advised to use
different neem based fertilizers, neemcakes in soil application to avoid soil born diseases.
Similarly, to enhance the capacity on taking
up different crops at low cost, a training
program for farmers was organized jointly by
IDEI and ASCO Patnagarh at Telenpalli.
Seventy progressive farmers from 6 micro wa-
tersheds participated in the training program.
IDEI and ASCO Nuapada organized another
training at Kotenhuan under Nuapada block
for thirtytwo farmers and four others on IDEI’s
low cost technologies, viz., STP, Pressure
Pump, Drip Irrigation, etc. They were also
trained about the source of low cost micro
nutrients like vermiwash.
A farmers’ training programme was conducted by IDEI at Asurmunda with the help of
Sabuja Viplav, the PIA of Luisinga block. Fifty farmers along with LST, WDT members
actively participated and four farmers shared their experience on utility and benefits of STP.
Similarly, another farmers training was organized at Dholmadal under Tureikela block in
association with VIKALP,the PIA. Fiftyfive farmers actively participated in this training.
Farmers’ Meetings/Camps
A farmers meeting with live demo of STP, DK & vermiwash was organized at Kundaimal
under Deogaon block with the help of Deogaon PIA. Thirtyfive farmers participated, and the
watershed committee members were so impressed with the efficiency of technologies that
they gave an indent of 15 STPs.
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19. A farmers training camp was organized at Dholamunda under Tureikela block by IDEI in
association with VIKALPA in which about 45 farmers, including 6 women, participated.
They were trained on vermi wash, STP and drip irrigation.
A farmers meeting was organized at VISWAS campus, Khariar Road. Thirty farmers from 10
villages attended it and they were trained about repair and maintenance of STP, impor-
tance and installation of vermi wash, installation and minor repairing/replacement of DK
(drip irrigation), etc.. After the meeting, they visited different demo plot sites where the
technologies were installed.
A big farmers meeting was held at Larambha near Patnagarh in association with RCDC in
which 60 farmers actively participated. They were trained about IDEI’s different technolo-
gies and participated in the discussion on “Constraints and opportunities in farming
system”.
A farmer meeting was also organized at Gatibeda with twenty-five farmers. The functional-
ity, efficacy, repairing and maintenance of different IDEI technologies were discussed. Three
farmers showed their interest to purchase the system.
Vermiwash training
Vermi Wash trainings in different villages (other than PTD (MI) focus) area of Bolangir and
Nuapada districts were conducted from time to time.
It was organized at Gaudapalli (New Watershed area) in association with ASCO, Patnagarh
(PIA) in which 30 farmers took part along with PIA, LST & CBT members. Two units of
vermiwash were installed with farmer’s contribution.
Vermi wash trainings were also conducted in the villages of Lanjimar, Bhainsadadar, Banjipani,
Banjimar, Kotenenugam, Ainalapalli,
Sirigidi, Chatanpada, Sorbhang
villages in Nuapada district; and
Kumuapalli, Ratakhandi, Rengali,
Asurmunda, Khuntulimunda, Ghunesh,
Telenpalli villages in Bolangir District.
Workshops
A two-day Workshop on PTD(MI) was
held at RITE, Bolangir for PIAs of
Nuapada and Bolangir District on 12th
and 13th August ’04. Thorough discus-
sion was made on different technolo-
gies developed and field tested by IDEI
in the focus area of WORLP of Bolangir
and Nuapada Districts. The CBT mem-
bers along with the District level Govt.
Officials including the District Collec-
tor and PD and APDs participated. Dis-
cussions were made on Water Storage
Bag, Customized Drip, Vermi Wash,
Nursery Tray, Surface Treadle Pump,
etc. The District Collector advised the
participants to motivate the farmers
to adopt the low cost and affordable
technologies in their concerned area.
Live Demos
Live demonstrations on STP and
vermiwash were performed in the vil-
lages of Chotakendubahar, Sirigiri under the PIA, VISWAS of Nuapada, in addition to the
repair and maintenance of the technology. About 45 farmers were interested to purchase 12
the technology through a loan component from their village SHG fund which was informed
to the concerned PIA.
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January-October, 2004
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20. Exposure visits
Exposure visits to demo plots fitted with
different technologies were conducted
several times for the local farmers of
the watershed Villages to create a
spread-effect among the non-users of
the micro irrigation technologies.
Nursery training
Nursery training along with germina-
tion tray was given at Pandripani
village of Nuapada with the help of Ag-
ricultural expert on 13th July’04 where
15 farmers were present who realized
the benefits of it and took interest to
purchase germination trays. This type
of training was repeated later at other
places.
Exposure Visit to Karnataka
Mr. Suresh Chandra Bisoyi, Chief Operating Man-
ager, Regional Office, IDEI, Bhubaneswar, Mr.
Gundicha Behera, Area Manager, IDEI, Bolangir,
and Mr. P. K. Tripathy, Managing Director of M/s.
Jagannath Merchandising Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar
(Distributor of IDEI promoted Technologies) were
on a field exposure visit to Karnataka for three
days (15th to 17th May) to observe the Drip
Irrigation Programmes (BK, DK and Customized
Drip Systems for small and marginal farmers) of
the State, which are being promoted by IDEI
through private channels.
This field exposure visit was very useful as a learn-
ing event for the team. During the field visit many
clarifications on the Drip Irrigation Programme,
particularly spacing, cropping, water requirement,
flexibility in design, and calculation of water out-
put of micro tubes could be obtained, and adopted
immediately in the field of PTD area of WORLP.
Besides the team also gained some knowledge on
the use of germination tray and organic mixture
for nursery, which was later demonstrated in all
the 10 Villages in PTD area during 3rd week
of May’ 04. This technology is found to be very
useful for vegetable nursery.
The whole learning exercises was shared by the
team with the other field staff of IDEI. Moreover,
KB Drip (Tape System) used by the Karnataka
small and marginal farmers was very interesting
and the same system can be adopted by the small
and marginal farmers of Western Orissa through
customized systems.
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI

21. CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMME
ON THE USEFULNESS OF
MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES
AND CROP PRACTICES
A series of training programs and the field exposures were organized by IDEI in the
PTD (MI) area in collaboration with the local partners of WORLP. During the trainings,
farmers were trained on the usefulness of different low cost water lifting and application
technologies particularly on the installation, repairs and maintenance of TP & MI,
preparation of vermiwash, use of micro tubes according to the plants in case of drips.
IDEI staff and other experts were engaged as resource person during the capacity
building programs. Most of the farmers interacted with the resource persons in connection
to the repairs and maintenance of MI technologies and crop specific problems being
faced by them.
The following aspects of agronomic practices were covered by the different resource
persons during all the trainings such as:
Crop and pest management,
Use of organic fertilizer,
Crop rotation and Multiple cropping,
Procedure of breaking the dormancy of different seeds,
Bio-based medicines for pest and insect attack to plants,
Trained to distinguish between bacterial and viral wilt in brinjal and tomato
Appropriate measures to tackle viral and bacterial wilt,
Steps to reduce indiscriminant use of chemical fertilizer,
Use different Neem based fertilizers like Neem cakes in soil application to avoid
soil born diseases, control stem borer and fruit & shoot borer by foliar applica-
tion of Neem oil by means of using a spreader.
How to consider the economic threshold level (ETL) of a particular crop
The beneficial effects of Tricoderma viride as a seed treating fungicide which
is not a chemical
Remedial measures on soil born diseases & seed treatment
The same crop of solanaceae family was taken in the same field consecutively
for two to three years or more the diseases would be seen.
PARTNERSHIP WITH PIAs
Block PIA
Khaprakhol ASCO, Patnagarh
Agalpur SABUJA BIPLAB
Tureikela VIKALPA
Block PIA
Nuapada VISWAS
Komna CBDA, Sunabeda
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January-October, 2004
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22. PROFILE OF THE FARMERS TRAINING ON TECHNOLOGIES
USEFULNESS AND DIFFERENT CROP PRACTICES
Sl. Date Organised In Association No. of Venue of Place for
No. By with Participants the Training Field Exposure
1. 10/9/04 IDEI VISWAS 32 Nuapada Pandripani
2. 18/09/04 RCDC IDEI 52 Larambha Telenpalli
3. 21/09/04 IDEI Sabuja Viplav 45 Asurmunda Asurmunda
& Khuntulimunda
4. 1/10/04 IDEI VIKALPA 45 Dholmadal Ghunesh
5. 12/10/04 ASCO, IDEI 36 Katenchua Pandripani
Nuapada
6. 17/10/04 IDEI ASCO, 70 Telenpalli Telenpalli
Patnagarh & Gaurapalli
7. 19/10/04 IDEI CBDA, Nuapada 32 Gatibeda Gatibeda
8. 26/10/04 RCDC IDEI 45 Gudvela Telenpalli
PROFILE OF FARMERS VISIT TO DIFFERENT DEMO PLOTS
OF PTD (MI) FOCUS AREA
Sl. Name of the Location of No. of Organized Collabora-
No. Farmer’s Village the Demo Plot Farmers by ting Partner
1. Bakti Asurmunda 25 Sabuja Viplav IDEI
2. Bagbhal Asurmunda 35 Sabuja Viplav IDEI
3. Mursundi Asurmunda 15 Sabuja Viplav IDEI
4. Khaliapalli Asurmunda 21 Sabuja Viplav IDEI
5. Khuntulimunda Asurmunda 12 Farmers IDEI
6. Salebata Asurmunda 18 Farmers IDEI
7. Jorasinga (Deogaon) Asurmunda 25 Cendret Bolangir IDEI
8. Kalmidadar Pandripani 22 VISWAS IDEI
9. Pandripani Kalmidadar 22 VISWAS IDEI
10. Sindhibhalli Telenpalli 20 ASCO, Patnagarh IDEI
11. Muribahal Ghunesh 30 LWSI IDEI
12. Bhalukuna Ghunesh 25 IDEI VIKALPA
13. Dhojabhata Gatibeda 8 IDEI CBDA
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI

23. Monitoring Functional Efficacy
(Water Lifting Devices)
Sl. No. 1 2 3
Name of the Products SURFACE TREADLE PUMP (STP) PRESSURE PUMP (PP) ROPE & WASHER PUMP (RWP)
Installation Proper super structure causes Temporary installation is done Proper and permanent
smooth operation to avoid theft installation is made
Rigid pump base ensures better Support structure made properly
performance
Suction Depth Bolangir District - 17’ min & 22’ max Bolangir District - 6’ min & 10’ max Bolangir District - 32’ & 30’
Nuapada District - 16’ min & 22’ max Nuapada District - 8’ Nuapada District - 34’
Water Discharge Bolangir District - 3800 lph avg. Bolangir District - 1800 lph avg. Bolangir District - 1900 lph avg.
Nuapada District - 3700 lph avg. Nuapada District - 1500 lph avg. Nuapada District - 1500 lph
MONITORING PARAMETERS
Leakages No leakages found so far No leakages found so far No Leakages found so far
Functionality Operation - Easy Operation - Easy Operation - Easy
No abnormal noise found Delivery - up to 100 ‘ horizontally Discharge satisfactory
and 8’ high
Condition of Key Bushes worn out by 0.2 mm. Components worn out - Bucket Piston cups not worn out
Components Components worn out - Bucket washer (composition have been Rope not worn out
washer & check valve (Composition changed) Welding cracks - once
of these parts have been changed) Bushes worn out by 0.1 mm.
Welding cracks - Nil Welding cracks - Nil
Maintenance Proper lubrication done Lubrication - Properly done Welding done once
Carried out Cleanliness maintained satisfactory Cleanliness - Satisfactory No other expenses made on
maintenance
Parts Changed/ Bucket Washer Bucket Washer - Once Handle lock nut (1 case) -
Repaired Check Valve Repaired Once
Axle (3 cases) - Once
Stopper Valve (1 case) - Once
OWDM-IDEI
January-October, 2004
REPORT
STATUS
PROJECT
REPORT
STATUS
PROJECT
16

24. Monitoring Functional Efficacy
(Drip Irrigation System)
Sl. No. 1 2 3
Name of the Products BUCKET KIT DRUM KIT CUSTOMIZED DRIP
Installation Properly made Rigid & permanent Rigid & permanent
Tank Capacity 25 liters 200 liters 300 liter Min & 500 liters max
Method of filling Manual Manual Pressure Pump & overhead tank
the tank
No. of irrigation Twice Twice Twice
per day
MONITORING PARAMETERS
Water applied 25 liters 200 liters 600 liters min & 1000 liters max
per day
Micro tube 1.8 liters per hour (Max) 2.1 liters per hour (Max) 2.48 liters per hour (Max)
discharge
Maintenance Improper fencing caused crop Proper handling ensures Properly maintained
damage longer life Sub-main buried under
Improper handling caused tap & Laterals buried under earth earth for better safety
filter breakage for better safety
Clogging of 25% (Tapped to make them 10% (Tapped or blown to 5% (Blown to make them
micro tubes clear) make them clear) clear)
Parts changed Tap & filter (once in 3 cases) Filter (once in five cases) No parts changed so far
Filter (twice in one case)
Top (once in one case)
Condition of Lateral & micro tubes are in Laterals & micro tubes are Sub-main pipes, KB drip laterals &
components good condition in good condition micro tubes are in good condition
OWDM-IDEI
January-October, 2004
REPORT
STATUS
PROJECT
REPORT
STATUS
PROJECT
17

25. Monitoring Functionality of Vermiwash
Feeding:
Once in each five days.
Vermi Mortality:
1. Proper aeration is ensured by providing a little gap between 2 pots to avoid suffocation
of the Vermi.
2. Raw cow dung slurry is used at the top most layer and not on the middle layer.
Safety Factors:
Neem oil is applied at the base of the tripod stand to avoid ant attack.
Storing of Vermiwash:
1. Normally vermiwash is stored by the farmers in glass container which degrades the
quality (to be stored in covered earthen containers).
2. Diluted vermiwash is stored by the farmers, which would not be very effective (they
were advised to apply immediately after diluting).
3. Farmers spray the vermiwash by the sprayer used previously for spraying chemicals/
pesticides by which the quality of vermiwash become ineffective (they were told to
properly clean the sprayer before spraying vermiwash).
FAMILY NUTRITION KIT
The family nutrition kit has been designed
to irrigate 88 vegetable plants in 20 m2
area in the backyard of the house. The
system comprises of:
One 20 liter capacity plastic storage
bag
One filter
One valve
125 micron thick KB drip tape
KB TEE joints
20 cm long micro tube drippers.
This ready made system costs only Rs.
125 to the farmer. One unit was installed
in the village Bhalukuna close to the Rope
& Washer Pump. The plastic bag was
hanged at a height of 0.7 meters with
the help of a support structure.
The field evaluation will be carried out
later on the basis of emission uniformity,
plant growth & productivity.
The basic purpose of the system is to
make it affordable for the women farmers
to grow vegetables in the backyard for
family consumption, and for sale in case
there is a surplus. Another purpose is that
they will be able to learn about the 18
technology and get the confidence for
further expansion for commercial use.
PROJECT
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI

26. Impact Assessment
A study was conducted by Ms. Shruti Mishra, Student, Indian Institute of Plantation
Management, Bangalore in the project villages of Bolangir and Nuapada districts, identified
by WORLP and IDEI. About 6 villages under 3 blocks were chosen for the study. The villages
are Asurmunda, Khuntlimunda, Telenpalli, Sindhbahi in Bolangir and Pandripani and
Kalmidadhal in Nuapada district. The sample size was restricted to only 20 farmers due to
time constraint. It included users who were given STP on trial, users those who have
purchased STP and non-users who use any other mode of irrigation.
In agriculture, women actively participate with their male counterpart in all the activities
right from transplanting to harvesting. Even in irrigation, which demands heavy physical
labor, women take part. They prepare drainage channels and sometime even operate the
tenda. Case Study 1
Objectives:
To study the impact of STP on overall farming SUBUKASHI PUTEL
system of the household. Transformation of life from a nightmare to a sweet dream
To study the impact of the pump on the
Life was a nightmare for 35 years old Subuskashi Putel, a widow
women members of the practicing of Telenpalli village. With a hope for better living she remarried
households. Chandramani Putel, a 65 year old man of the same village. But
Methodology: the living conditions didn’t improve much. They had about half an
acre of land, which they were unable to utilize properly. Neither
Both qualitative and quantitative type of research
they had bullock for ploughing nor they had sufficient money to
was conducted for the study. Qualitative research hire labor for each and every farming activity. With an old, weak
helped to unearth the in-depth feelings and and ailing husband the onus of running the household was
motivations of the users. Both primary and completely on Subukashi’s shoulder. Moreover without any children
secondary data were collected. or any other possible help, she was completely alone and had to
The study was conducted in the selected project do everything on her own, which was sometime troublesome.
villages of WORLP and IDE by taking samples of But somehow they had managed to install a “tenda” and hired a
users and non-users. The samples were collected labor to operate it. Due to dearth of money they were not able to
utilize even that small plot of land and had a small amount of
on random basis.
income, which, after paying labor cost was insufficient to run the
Findings: household.
STP has helped to decrease the physical One day she came to know about STP, which was given to her
strain that was meted out by tenda on the as a trial offer of IDEI. The pump changed her life to a positive
men folks as they mainly operated it. They direction. It was easy to install and operate, so she didn’t require
used to face a lot of physical problems like labors to irrigate her land as now she could do it by herself.
backache, pain in the rib cage, etc. STP has Instead, she hired a pair of bullock for ploughing and labor for land
reduced these problems, as it is easier to preparation. Previously the land used to remain fallow during
use. summer but this year after installing STP she utilized the entire
land. This year she also grew brinjal, onion, greens, tomato and
The women admitted that use of STP has
chilli. She irrigated her land on her own and got a good income.
increased the work pressure on them as now That small plot helped her to generate about Rs.2000 by selling
they have started operating STP along with vegetables apart from household consumption. In addition she
performing other farming activities, as it is has grown some lemon plants bordering the plot that gave her a
easier to operate than the “tenda”. handsome income of Rs.2000. Now she has started duck rearing
The women also admitted that operating STP by taking a loan of Rs.1000 from their village SHG.
was painful in the beginning but later on as She appreciates the utility of STP and the benefits for the poor
they became acquainted with it the pain farmers like her.
gradually subsided. So, it can be concluded
that STP is causing negligible drudgery.
STP has also helped in the reduction of labor charges, as it is easier to install and
operate than the tenda. Therefore, the users are not hiring labors for irrigation instead
they are taking help from the family.
Use of STP has improved the economic condition as previously they used to cultivate a
small patch with the help of a tenda resulting in less production and less earning.
With increased production of vegetables they could consume more amount without 19
hesitation as it was plentily available in the backyard. Thus, STP has helped in increasing
their nutrition level by providing more balanced diets. PROJECT
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI

27. Case Study 2
RAMAKRISHNA PRADHAN
A boon in form of STP
This year to marry off his daughter lavishly would have remained a distant dream for Ramakrishna Pradhan but
thanks to STP, which turned his dream into reality. For him to run a family with nine children during summer is a
thorny matter. But STP became a quick solution for all his problems.
He has about 10 acres of land and 1 acre of kitchen garden. But dearth of water during summer makes it difficult for
him to cultivate anything on the kitchen garden. Somehow, he managed to cultivate vegetables in a small portion out
of it with the help of a tenda every year; but the production was not sufficient for the entire family. They also used to
work as labourers in the fields of neighbours to run the household.
But things took a different turn after he was offered STP on trial basis by IDEI. He gave the entire responsibility of the kitchen
garden to his wife and daughters, as now he and his sons are free from the trouble of irrigating the plot. His sons who
earlier used to operate tenda in order to irrigate their land, got engaged in cattle trade and he himself dug a well in the main
rice field and cemented it, the work that he was unable to accomplish for a long time. Ramakrishna Pradhan now wants to
engage himself as a shopkeeper (ration).
His wife and daughters took the onus of cultivating vegetables in their backyard and grew guar (cluster bean), okra
and greens. The amount produced is sold and consumed at home. They had a profit of about Rs.2000-2500 after
selling the vegetables. Moreover, they could consume satisfactorily which was never possible before. The money
earned was contributed to his daughter’s marriage. He confesses that her marriage was possible only due to the
extra income they earned with the help of STP.
He is satisfied with it and is willing to use it next year and is interested to increase the land area. For him STP came
as a boon into his life and changed the scenario of his life.
STP has made a great impact on my life and I am indebted to it, says Ramakrishna.
20
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI

28. B E N E F I T S and C O S T S ...
STP
20 farmers used STP in 10 villages. The period of cultivation was from February to October.
One crop was taken all 20 farmers and the second crop was taken by 3 farmers.
Additional area brought under irrigation:
Area brought under irrigation was 8.62 acres with an average irrigated area of 0.43 acres
per farmer. The area irrigated per farmer ranged from a minimum of 0.18 acres to a maximum
of 1 acre. They are categorized as follows:
4 (25%) of farmers irrigated between 0.18 to 0.22 acres
7 (35%) of farmers irrigated between 0.25 to 0.4 acres
7 (35%) of farmers irrigated between 0.5 to 0.6 acres
2 (10%) of farmers irrigated land in excess of 0.7 acres
This experience clearly shows that farmers are comfortable in using STP in irrigating up to
an area of 1 acre. Farmers owning land as low as 0.18 acres are comfortable in using STP
and think that it is a better option for irrigation. The majority of the farmers have used STP
in irrigating lands between 0.2 to 0.6 acres.
Additional agricultural production:
The Gross value of the agriculture produce, generated by using an STP among the 20
farmers amounted to Rs.150,178. The average gross value produced per farmer was Rs.7,509.
The gross value of produce generated ranged from Rs.3,255 to Rs.13,000. They are
categorized as follows:
7 (35%) of farmers produced agriculture produce in the range of Rs.3000-5000.
1 (5%) of farmers produced agriculture produce in the range of Rs.5000-7500.
7 (35%) of farmers produced agriculture produce in the range of Rs.7500-10000.
5 (25%) of farmers produced agriculture produce greater than Rs.10000.
Cost of Cultivation:
The cost of cultivation, among the 20 farmers amounted to Rs.48,218. The average cost of
cultivation per farmer was Rs.2,411. The cost of cultivation ranged from Rs.865 to Rs.4,150.
They are categorized as follows:
7 (35%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation in the range of Rs.800-1500.
2 (10%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation in the range of Rs.1500-2500.
7 (35%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation in the range of Rs.2500-3500.
4 (20%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation greater than Rs.3500.
This gives an indication of the amount of money that farmers are willing to invest after
getting access to an irrigating device. The cost of cultivation as a percentage of the total
gross value is 32% on the whole and ranges between 21-37%, with most farmers falling
between 29-33%. With the help of assured irrigation, which the STP offers, farmers can
earn Rs.3 on an investment of Re.1. 21
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI

29. What happens to the production?
Not all the agriculture produces is sold in the CASES OF BENUDHAR
market, nor is it all consumed. Farmers, depending AND NARAYAN
on family size and need for cash income, always
Benudhar Majhi is a very interesting
go in for a combination of consumption and sales case. He has been able to make the
to earn cash income. For every Re. 1 of vegetables most productive use of his assets, the
consumed by the family, about Rs.5.50 is sold at land, labour and his new acquisition the
the market. An average of 10% of the produce is Surface Treadle Pump.
consumed with a minimum of 4% and a maximum
of 14%. On an average each family has consumed If we extrapolate the data collected on
Rs.728 worth of vegetables. Our field experience an acre basis, we find that Benudhar
Majhi has been able to generate
shows that most of the vegetables were sold at a
agriculture produce equivalent to
rate of Rs.5-7 with farmers getting rates as high Rs.25,000 per acre, a cash income of
as Rs.15 (for short spells during the summer). Rs.14,000 per acre and consumption
This means that every family in a spell of eight of Rs.3,000 per acre. Although he has
months have consumed 100 kilograms of fresh cultivated only 0.5 acres of land, he has
vegetables which was previously not part of their been very efficient in use of assets and
diet, as they neither produced it nor had the cash among this lies more lessons to be
income to purchase it. learned which can be transferred to
other farmers.
What happens to the remaining produce – it
Like Benudhar Majhi, Narayan Majhi
is sold in the nearby haats or within the village to
has been able to generate agriculture
generate hard cash for poor smallholder families. produce equivalent to Rs.11,300 per
acre, a cash income of Rs.6,000 per
The Cash Income, generated by using a STP among acre and consumption of Rs.1,500 per
the 20 farmers amounted to Rs.86,272. The acre. Narayan Majhi is happy for being
average cash income generated per farmer was able to irrigate his 0.32 aceres of land
Rs.4,314. The cash income generated ranged from and earn Rs.1,940 in cash income and
Rs.1,925 to Rs.7,810. They are categorized as consume Rs.500 worth of vegetables,
follows: but he is not yet aware on what he is
missing out.
7 (35%) of farmers produced agriculture
produce in the range of Rs.1900-3000. This is where IDEI is progressing to
demonstrate how to optimize
6 (30%) of farmers produced agriculture smallholder production and create the
produce in the range of Rs.3000-5000. maximum out of limited resources.
Therefore, after addressing water
5 (25%) of farmers produced agriculture constraints in terms of lifting,
application and storage, it is necessary
produce in the range of Rs.5000-7000.
to address market related constraints,
2 (10%) of farmers produced agriculture which look at inputs, knowledge base
of crop production, market linkages,
produce greater than Rs.7000.
etc.
An average cash income of Rs.4,314 and new
consumption worth Rs.728 adds up to
Rs.5,402 in a period of eight months, among
farmers who fall under the poverty line is a significant impact.
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OWDM-IDEI

30. Bucket Kit (BK)
Drip Irrigation is being heard, seen and used for the first time by these small farmers with
little access to water. The objective is to gauge acceptance of the concept to irrigate by
using drip. Based on observations and farmer feedback over the past eight months, it is
safe to conclude that the concept of drip irrigating is being accepted and the BK being used
for domestic consumption.
The BK irrigates a small patch of land, is tended better and applies water in a more judicious
manner that flood irrigation; productivity happens to much better. Data show that with this
system of irrigation, for every rupee invested, farmers can earn Rs.5.
The objective of this product is not to enhance income but rather to meet domestic
consumption needs. The farmers are categorized in the following manner:
3 (30%) have used the BK exclusively for consumption needs.
3 (30%) have used the BK in a balanced manner, partly for consumption and partly
for generating cash income.
4 (40%) others have used the BK for generating cash income.
On closer observation, we have noticed that in the case of the last four families, the family
size is limited to the couple and their only child. Therefore even the produce generated by
the BK was more than what they consumed at home and was therefore put to use for
generating cash income.
This technology is operated and maintained by women.
Drum Kit (DK)
The objective of introducing the Drum kit was targeted at smallholders who were faced with
water stress issues. This product, besides meeting domestic needs could produce enough
to start making cash incomes. Our experiences with 10 families threw up the following
observations:
All 10 families continue to use the DK.
With assured irrigation, farmers could earn Rs.4 for every rupee invested.
Cost of cultivation per acre went up by 10% compared to a treadle pump – this is
despite the fact that the DK irrigates a smaller area and normally plots are better
tended and use more inputs on an average.
One of the reasons, why costs have not gone up is because of lesser costs in weeding,
fertilizer etc.
Productivity per acre is 38% higher when compared to a treadle pump. This clearly
proves the superiority of drip irrigated plots.
Overall returns are 50% higher in terms of drip irrigated plots.
For every Re.1 of vegetables consumed by the family, Rs.5 is sold at the market.
Cash incomes are significant and are at an equivalent of Rs.25,000 per acre along
with consumption at Rs.10,000 per acre.
The twin strategy in the future, based on these observations is:
To continue with the smaller kits which will meet domestic needs.
Market larger systems to make a significant impact on cash income.
Concentrate on geographical areas where we are water stressed.
Concentrate on farmers who have access to little water.
23
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI

31. Reaching Out & Promotion of MI Systems
Creation of various demo plots installed with different micro irrigation technologies in the
PTD area and the exposure visit of farmers from other areas to those demo plots caused a
spread effect and the demand for using such technologies was seen. This tempted IDEI to
go for extensive promotion and sale of those technologies in areas other than PTD (MI)
focus area.
Reaching Out
A total of 823 numbers of men and women were reached out within and outside of WORLP
area in the districts of Bolangir, Nuapada, Bargarh & Kalahandi.
Sales
The successful execution of such promotional activities caused a good number of farmers
motivated to purchase the technologies. The details are as follows:
Name of the Technology sold Services
village STP DK BK CDS VW Nursery Horticultural Sylvicultural
Tray Saplings Saplings
Asurmunda 22 02 01 02 12 02 -- --
Khuntulimunda 12 01 01 -- 04 02 -- --
Ghunesh 11 01 01 -- 14 02 -- --
Bhalukuna 09 01 02 -- 12 02 -- --
Pandripani 02 01 02 -- 10 -- -- --
Kalmidadar 02 01 01 -- 08 02 -- --
Sinapalli 30 07 05 -- 02 -- -- --
Thutibar 06 -- -- -- 04 01 -- --
Gudbela 20 -- -- -- 04 -- -- --
Gatibeda 06 01 -- -- 08 02 -- --
Telenpalli 08 -- 01 01 14 -- -- --
Gaurapalli 01 -- -- -- 08 20 -- --
Rengali 02 -- -- -- 02 -- 280 40
Phalsamal -- -- -- -- 04 -- 350 --
Ratakhandi 04 01 -- -- 04 -- 120 60
Budabahal -- -- -- -- -- -- 70 --
Banipalli 04 -- -- -- 02 -- 600 40
Kusanga -- -- -- -- -- -- 200 40
Total 139 16 14 03 112 33 1620 180
Production Planning of STP & Other Technologies
In the beginning of the project, there was only one manufacturer i.e. M/s. Subash Iron &
Agricultural Industry, Kesinga, who has produced modified the Surface Treadle Pump
for the PTD work. However, the volume of demand created due to the extensive promotional
activities carried out during the past months forced us to think of bridging the gap between
the demand and supply in the future. Thus, a new manufacturer was finalized to produce
the Surface Treadle Pump, Rope & Washer Pump and Pressure Pump to supply as and when
the demand generates. This manufacturer M/s. Nayak Industries, Bolangir, is capable
enough to meet the demand of the technologies. QAM, IDEI had been involved in the
process starting from the selection of this manufacturer, providing related training to their
workers in connection with the manufacturing process. They were also trained on how to be
careful in maintaining quality and to enhance the durability of the product, and enable the
24
poor farmers to own trouble free, zero maintenance products.
PROJECT
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STATUS
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January-October, 2004
OWDM-IDEI