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Finland & Nigeria
Hofstede’s Dimensions

Layer of Culture

Parson’s Dimensions
Finland & nigeria
•   Hofstede’s dimensions are

1. Power distance

2. Individualism versus collectivism

3. Masculinity versus femininity

4. Uncertainty avoidance

5. Long-term versus short-term orientation
FINLAND                                       NIGERIA
POWER DISTANCE     Being independent, hierarchy for              People accept hierarchical order
                   convenience, equal rights, superiors          which everybody has place and needs
                   accessible, coaching leader, management       no further justification.Hiererchy in
                   facilitates and empowers. Power is            organization is reflecting inherent
                   decentralized. Employees expect to be         inequalities,centralization is
                   consulted.                                    popular.Ideal boss is benevolent
                   Control is disliked and attitude towards      autocrat.
                   managers are informal.

INDIVIDUALISIM /   Individualistic society.                      Collecivist society.Extended familly
                   High preference for a loosely-knit social     and relationship.Loyalty is important
COLLECTIVISM       framework in which individuals are            and over-rides other societal rules and
                   expected to take care of themselves and       regulations.Everyone takes
                   their immediate families only. Offence        responsibility for fellow members of
                   causes guilt and a loss of self-esteem.The    their group.Offence leads to shame
                   employer/employee relationship is a           and loss of face.Employer/employee
                   contract based on mutual                      relationships are perceived in moral
                   advantage, hiring and promotion decisions     terms (like a family link), hiring and
                   are supposed to be based on merit             promotion decisions take account of
                   only, management is the management of         the employee’s in-
                   individuals.                                  group, management is the
                                                                 management of groups.

MASCULINITY /      Feminine society.Working in order to          Masculine society.People live to work.
                   live.managers strive for consensus, people    Managers are expected to be decisive
FEMININTY          value equality, solidarity and quality in     and assertive, the emphasis is on
                   their working lives. Conflicts are resolved   equity, competition and performance
                   by compromise and negotiation.Effective       and conflicts are resolved by fighting
                   manager is supportive.Decision making         them out.
                   with involvement.
FINLAND                               NIGERIA
UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE   Medium high prefernce for             Preference for avoiding
                         uncertainity avoidance.               uncertainity.
                         Maintaining rigid codes of belief     Same with Finland.
                         and behaviour and are intolerant
                         of unorthodox behaviour and
                         ideas.People have an inner urge to
                         be busy and work hard, precision
                         and punctuality are the norm,
                         innovation may be resisted,
                         security is an important element in
                         individual motivation.

LONG /SHORT TERM         Short term orientation culture.       Short term orientation culture.
                         exhibits great respect for            Same with Finland.
ORIENTATION              traditions, a relatively small
                         propensity to save.Strong concern
                         with establishing the Truth i.e.
                         normative.
• Layers of culture for Finland(outer-middle-inner layer)
• Finland
Behavior:Talk in moderate tones and do not do anything to call attention to yourself.
Serial conversation is the rule - i.e. listen to the speaker, wait for them to finish and
then reply. Interrupting is rude.Food/Eating:Finnish cuisine has western European,
Scandinavian and Russian elements. Lunch is between 11.00 and 13.00.Evening meals
at home are 17.00-18.00.Meal concludes with coffee. Language:Finnish is main
language but also they know Swedish,all traffic signs have Finnish and Swedish
explanation. English is widely spoken in Finland.French, Spanish and Russian are
popular in school and among adults.Greeting:When greeting, the parties shake hands
and make eye contact.Finnish handshake is brief and firm, and involves no supporting
gestures such as touching the shoulder or upper arm.
Finns have a strong sense of national identity.
There is a long tradition of sexual equality in the sense that women's participation in
political activity and public life has been encouraged.
Respecting old people,taking care of poors,disabled people are important.
Most people in Finland are at least nominally members of a Christian church.
• Nigeria
 The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic Western influences,
  especially in urban centers, have transformed Nigerian eating habits in many ways.
  People are familiar with the canned, frozen, and prepackaged foods found in most
  Western-style supermarkets. Foreign restaurants also are common in larger cities.
  Food in Nigeria is traditionally eaten by hand. However, with the growing influence
  of Western culture, forks and spoons are becoming more common. groups.
 Soccer is extremely popular among the youth. The music of Nigeria includes many
  kinds of folk and popular music.
 Men are dominant over women in all areas. A handshake and a long list of well
  wishes for a counterpart's family and good health are expected when meeting
  someone. Shaking hands, eating, or passing things with the left hand are
  unacceptable. The left hand is reserved for personal toiletries and is considered
  dirty. It is estimated that 50 percent of Nigerians are Muslim, 40 percent are
  Christian, and the remaining 10 percent practice various indigenous religions.
•   Parson’s Dimension

1. Universalism versus Particularism

2. Individualism versus Communitarianism

3. Neutral versus Emotional

4. Specific versus Diffuse

5. Achievement versus Ascription
FINLAND                                NIGERIA

Universalism versus Particularism   Finland has universalist culture.      Nigeria has particularist culture.
                                    Believing ideas and practices can be   Legal contracts aare modified.People get
                                    applied everywhere without             to know each other better.People
                                    modification.Focusing on more          change the way in which deals are
                                    formal rules than relationships.       executed.

Individualism versus                They have individualistic culture.     They have communitarianist culture.
Communitarianism

Neutral versus Emotional            They have emotional culture.           Nigeria has more emotional culture than
                                                                           Finland.Smile a great deal, talk loudly
                                                                           when they are excited, and greet each
                                                                           other with a great deal of enthusiasm.
Specific versus Diffuse             Finland has diffuse culture.           Nigeria has more diffuse culture than
                                    individuals guard their public space   Finland.
                                    carefully. People are notquickly
                                    invited into a person’s open, public
                                    space. Individuals in these cultures
                                    often appear to be indirect and
                                    introverted, and work.
Achievement versus Ascription       Finland has achievement culture.       Nigeria has ascription culture. based on
                                    Finnish culture gives high status to   age, gender,or social connections. For
                                    high achievers,such as the             example, in an ascription culture, a
                                    company’s number-one                   person who has been with the company
                                    salesperson.                           for 40 years may be listened to carefully
                                                                           because of the respect that others
                                                                           havefor the individual’s age and
                                                                           longevity with the firm.

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Finland & nigeria

  • 1. Finland & Nigeria Hofstede’s Dimensions Layer of Culture Parson’s Dimensions
  • 3. Hofstede’s dimensions are 1. Power distance 2. Individualism versus collectivism 3. Masculinity versus femininity 4. Uncertainty avoidance 5. Long-term versus short-term orientation
  • 4. FINLAND NIGERIA POWER DISTANCE Being independent, hierarchy for People accept hierarchical order convenience, equal rights, superiors which everybody has place and needs accessible, coaching leader, management no further justification.Hiererchy in facilitates and empowers. Power is organization is reflecting inherent decentralized. Employees expect to be inequalities,centralization is consulted. popular.Ideal boss is benevolent Control is disliked and attitude towards autocrat. managers are informal. INDIVIDUALISIM / Individualistic society. Collecivist society.Extended familly High preference for a loosely-knit social and relationship.Loyalty is important COLLECTIVISM framework in which individuals are and over-rides other societal rules and expected to take care of themselves and regulations.Everyone takes their immediate families only. Offence responsibility for fellow members of causes guilt and a loss of self-esteem.The their group.Offence leads to shame employer/employee relationship is a and loss of face.Employer/employee contract based on mutual relationships are perceived in moral advantage, hiring and promotion decisions terms (like a family link), hiring and are supposed to be based on merit promotion decisions take account of only, management is the management of the employee’s in- individuals. group, management is the management of groups. MASCULINITY / Feminine society.Working in order to Masculine society.People live to work. live.managers strive for consensus, people Managers are expected to be decisive FEMININTY value equality, solidarity and quality in and assertive, the emphasis is on their working lives. Conflicts are resolved equity, competition and performance by compromise and negotiation.Effective and conflicts are resolved by fighting manager is supportive.Decision making them out. with involvement.
  • 5. FINLAND NIGERIA UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE Medium high prefernce for Preference for avoiding uncertainity avoidance. uncertainity. Maintaining rigid codes of belief Same with Finland. and behaviour and are intolerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas.People have an inner urge to be busy and work hard, precision and punctuality are the norm, innovation may be resisted, security is an important element in individual motivation. LONG /SHORT TERM Short term orientation culture. Short term orientation culture. exhibits great respect for Same with Finland. ORIENTATION traditions, a relatively small propensity to save.Strong concern with establishing the Truth i.e. normative.
  • 6. • Layers of culture for Finland(outer-middle-inner layer) • Finland Behavior:Talk in moderate tones and do not do anything to call attention to yourself. Serial conversation is the rule - i.e. listen to the speaker, wait for them to finish and then reply. Interrupting is rude.Food/Eating:Finnish cuisine has western European, Scandinavian and Russian elements. Lunch is between 11.00 and 13.00.Evening meals at home are 17.00-18.00.Meal concludes with coffee. Language:Finnish is main language but also they know Swedish,all traffic signs have Finnish and Swedish explanation. English is widely spoken in Finland.French, Spanish and Russian are popular in school and among adults.Greeting:When greeting, the parties shake hands and make eye contact.Finnish handshake is brief and firm, and involves no supporting gestures such as touching the shoulder or upper arm. Finns have a strong sense of national identity. There is a long tradition of sexual equality in the sense that women's participation in political activity and public life has been encouraged. Respecting old people,taking care of poors,disabled people are important. Most people in Finland are at least nominally members of a Christian church.
  • 7. • Nigeria  The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic Western influences, especially in urban centers, have transformed Nigerian eating habits in many ways. People are familiar with the canned, frozen, and prepackaged foods found in most Western-style supermarkets. Foreign restaurants also are common in larger cities. Food in Nigeria is traditionally eaten by hand. However, with the growing influence of Western culture, forks and spoons are becoming more common. groups.  Soccer is extremely popular among the youth. The music of Nigeria includes many kinds of folk and popular music.  Men are dominant over women in all areas. A handshake and a long list of well wishes for a counterpart's family and good health are expected when meeting someone. Shaking hands, eating, or passing things with the left hand are unacceptable. The left hand is reserved for personal toiletries and is considered dirty. It is estimated that 50 percent of Nigerians are Muslim, 40 percent are Christian, and the remaining 10 percent practice various indigenous religions.
  • 8. Parson’s Dimension 1. Universalism versus Particularism 2. Individualism versus Communitarianism 3. Neutral versus Emotional 4. Specific versus Diffuse 5. Achievement versus Ascription
  • 9. FINLAND NIGERIA Universalism versus Particularism Finland has universalist culture. Nigeria has particularist culture. Believing ideas and practices can be Legal contracts aare modified.People get applied everywhere without to know each other better.People modification.Focusing on more change the way in which deals are formal rules than relationships. executed. Individualism versus They have individualistic culture. They have communitarianist culture. Communitarianism Neutral versus Emotional They have emotional culture. Nigeria has more emotional culture than Finland.Smile a great deal, talk loudly when they are excited, and greet each other with a great deal of enthusiasm. Specific versus Diffuse Finland has diffuse culture. Nigeria has more diffuse culture than individuals guard their public space Finland. carefully. People are notquickly invited into a person’s open, public space. Individuals in these cultures often appear to be indirect and introverted, and work. Achievement versus Ascription Finland has achievement culture. Nigeria has ascription culture. based on Finnish culture gives high status to age, gender,or social connections. For high achievers,such as the example, in an ascription culture, a company’s number-one person who has been with the company salesperson. for 40 years may be listened to carefully because of the respect that others havefor the individual’s age and longevity with the firm.