1. 2003 Orchard View

2. michael@michaelsapples.com
• ISA Certified Arborist
– Pruning
– Consults and Pruning Lessons
• NV Nursery License
– Retail bare root fruit tree sales
– Grafting classes
• Gardening in Nevada since 1983
• Master Gardener Volunteer since 1996
• Monthly Fruit Tree and Gardening
Newsletter

3. Growing Fruit Trees and
Berries in Northern Nevada
Michael G. Janik
www.michaelsapples.com

4. Why I grow, hunt, and gather

5. November

6. Winter

7. Sources of Information
• Handouts
• UNR Cooperative Extension Master
Gardeners
Reno 775-784-4848
Winnemucca 775-623-6304
• Clubs, Organizations, Botanical Gardens
• Internet
• Books

8. Reference Books

9. Sources for Trees
• Local nurseries
• Chain Discount Stores
• Mail order nurseries
• www.gardenwatchdog.com
• www.davesgarden.com

10. Pollination: Pollenizers (other variety) Pollinators (bees)

11. Selection Criteria
• What you need and want
• What the tree needs and wants

12. Personal Needs and Likes
• What type of fruit do you like?
-Apples, Pears, Cherries, Berries
• Continuous supply
-Early, Autumn, Over winter keepers
-Redhaven, Veteran, Contender
• Needs—Tastes—Uses
-Fresh
-Baking/Cooking
-Sauce/Juice
-Preserves, Jams, Jellies

13. Preserves, jams, jelly, pies

14. Other ways to preserve apples and grapes

15. Fruit Tree Needs and Likes
• Climate—Hardy to USDA zones 2-6
• Chill Hours—hrs 32-45°F +800 hrs
• Soil—pH 6.5 Northern NV pH 8.5
• Water
• Nutrition—No need to fertilize, except
• Location—Sunshine > 8 hrs/day

16. Varieties for Northern Nevada
• UNR Cooperative Extension (handout)
• Other varieties for our area
• Farm trails and fruit tastings
• My varietal recommendations (handout)
• Late Blooming, Early Ripening Varieties
on Dwarfing Rootstocks

17. Farm Trails—Stabile’s Hillview Farm Watsonville, CA
NAFEX.org

18. Apples
• Choose an
early ripening,
a late, & a
keeper (or 2)
• Handout
varieties plus:
– Granny Smith,
Arkansas Black
– Honeycrisp,
Fuji
– Smokehouse,
Newtown
Pippin
• Apple Hill,
Placerville, CA

19. Pears
• Red Bartlett
• Seckel
• Bosc
• d’Anjou
• Flemish
Beauty
• Pick, store,
ripen,
consume

20. Stone Fruits
• Cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines
• Late blooming, early ripening!

21. Apricots
• Why don’t they
produce
here????
• Extension
handout
• Tomcot,
Manchurian
• Harrow series:
Harogem,
Hargrand,
Har* Ontario
• University of
Minnesota,
Utah State
University, etc

22. Cherries • Sweet
• Attika (Kordia)
• Kristin
• Gold
• ‘Sour’ or
“Pie” or
“Tart”
• Montmorency
• Morello
• Northstar

23. Plums
• European and Asian
• Green gage, Reine Claude
• Italian prune, Castleton
Stanley, Empress, President
• Toka
• Burbank Hybrids: Satsuma,
Santa Rosa

24. Peaches/Nectarines
• PEACHES
>850 chill hours
-Redhaven
-Early Elberta
-Elberta
-Veteran
-Contender
NECTARINES
-Harko
-Hardired
-Red Gold
-Sunglo
Miniatures

25. BERRIES
RASPBERRIES
Heritage
Autumn Bliss
Anna (yellow)
Caroline
Rosanna
Polana
BLACKBERRIES (Thornless)
Triple Crown
Chester
Loganberry
Doyle’s

26. RASPBERRY Trellis, Early Spring

27. BLUEBERRIES
• Blueberries
– 5.0 pH
– Elliot, Norsky, Patriot, check northern
catalogs

28. BLUEBERRIES
• Blueberries
– 5.0 pH
– Elliot, Norsky,
Patriot, check
northern catalogs

29. • Grapes
– Table grapes, wine grapes
– Grapes for Northern Nevada
– University of Minnesota
– UC Davis, Wolfskill Experimental Orchard, National Germplasm Repositories

30. STRAWBERRIES
• HYBRIDS
– Tristar
– Tribute
– Everest
– Apache
• ALPINE
– Fragissimo (white)
– Baron
– Capron
– Mara des Bois

31. STRAWBERRIES
Capron Mara des Bois

32. Currants and Gooseberries
Red Lake
White Imperial
Minaj Smyriou
Ben Lomond
Nuts
Pecans (native northern)
Walnuts (Black)
Almond (Hall’s Hardy)
Hazelnuts (dioecious)

33. OTHERS
• Hardy kiwis
• Jujubes
• One Green World, Raintree, etc

34. NEVADA NATIVES
• CHOKECHERRIES
• ELDERBERRIES
• CURRANTS

35. How Fruit Trees and Berries Are
Propagated
• Rhizomes (raspberries)
• Stolons or runners (strawberries)
• Seeds from fruit (colonial times)
• Grafting (Clones of fruit trees with
desired characteristics)
• Scions, Buds and Rootstocks

36. Natural Graft

37. Rootstocks

38. Ready to Graft

39. First cut showing cambial ring

40. Second cut on rootstock and scion

41. Whip and tongue graft

42. Secure graft with grafting rubber

43. Graft Secured

44. Wrap with grafting tape; wax top

45. Planting in Nursery Rows

46. Sprout on graft

47. Bare Root Apple Whip

48. More Choices
• Bare root vs. potted trees
• Do you need pollenizers?
• Spring or Fall planting
• Tree size

49. My Preferences
• Plant Bare Root Trees in the Spring
• Grow Late Blooming, Early Ripening Varieties
• on Dwarfing Rootstocks

50. Size control using rootstocks

51. Standard Semi-dwarf Dwarf
Tree sizes

52. Standard Tree Semi Dwarf

53. Dwarf apple orchard

54. Dwarf Apple Tree (must be supported)

55. Easy access to harvest

56. Getting Started

57. Take a Soil Sample!

58. Enhancing Soils
• Agricultural sulfur (Tiger 90) to lower pH
• Green cover crop: winter (annual) rye,
winter wheat
• Mulch and Manure

59. Soil prep

60. M & M
Mulch and Manure (composted horse)

61. Mineral Deficiencies
• Calcium deficiency--Bitter Pit
• Iron deficiency—Chlorosis
• Zinc deficiency

62. Bitter pit—Ca deficiency

63. Zinc Deficiency

64. Chlorosis (Fe deficiency)

65. Chlorosis
on
Cucumber

66. Causes of mineral deficiencies
• Soil deficient of particular mineral

67. Causes of mineral deficiencies
• Soil deficient of particular mineral
• OVERWATERING!!!!

68. Treatment for mineral deficiencies
• Stop Overwatering!
• Analyze soil adjust pH
• Apply Agricultural Sulphur
• Mulch, Mulch, Mulch

69. My Preference
• Plant Bare Root Trees in the Spring
• Late Blooming, Early Ripening Varieties
• on Dwarfing Rootstocks.

70. Planting

71. Planting

72. Training Young Trees

73. Apical
Dominance
Note the near
horizontal limb
angles

74. Bare Root Tree
note the branch angles

75. Training Horizontal Limbs--Before

76. Training horizontal limbs--after

77. Forked
growth
Note the pale
leaves

78. Daffodils: Spring: Begin Spray Program

79. READ and FOLLOW
PRODUCT LABEL
INSTRUCTIONS

80. Use protective gear!

81. Read and follow label instructions!

82. Know the Pest and Pesticide
• Identify the pest you want to control (kill).
• Read the label on the pesticide product.
• Make sure the pest and the fruit you need to
spray are both listed on the label.

83. “ALTERNATIVE PEST CONTROLS”

84. Fruit Tree Spray Program
• Dormant Oil—aphids, mites, scale
• Fungicide—scale, p. mildew, rust
• Insecticide—codling moth larvae

85. Dormant buds on apple

86. Delayed dormant buds on pear and cherry

87. ¼ inch green tip
pear and cherry
Dormant oil spray
Aphids

88. Aphid

89. Ladybug (ladybird beetle)

90. Aphids with Lacewing

91. Ladybug larvae

92. Beneficial Insects
• Lady Bugs (Ladybird beetles)
• Lacewings
• Mantis

93. Half-inch Green Tip
fungicide spray for powdery mildew

94. Powdery mildew

95. First Pink—Apple NO PESTICIDES!!!

96. Full Bloom

97. Full Bloom--Peach

98. Apple blossoms

99. Nectarine blossoms

100. Orchard blossoms

101. Pollenizers (other fruit variety), Pollinators (bees)

102. Bumble bee

103. Fruit Set on Peach—thinning time

104. Peach after thinning

105. Fruit Cluster—close up

106. Apple after thinning

107. Well-thinned Cortland apples

108. Codling Moth—first evening at 62 degrees

109. Codling moths damage apples, pears, and …

110. Codling moth frass

111. One rotten apple will spoil the barrel

112. Know
your
enemy
Life Cycle
Codling
Moth
3 hatches
per year

113. UC Davis Codling Moth Factsheet

114. Monitoring: Codling moth pheromone trap

115. Catch moths on 3 consecutive days--Biofix

116. Degree Day Table or Calculator

117. Determine when to spray
• Monitor traps determine biofix
• Google “codling moth degree days”
• Use chart max/min temperatures
• Add up hours
• At 200-250 hours from biofix
• SPRAY

118. Coming

119. Going

120. ‘No Spray’ Option
Bagging Fruit

121. Bagging option
• Thin fruit
• Spray
• Bag

122. Thinning time is Bagging time

123. Apple after thinning

124. Bagged Fuji
Photo courtesy of Ed Franks, hobby orchardist, Illinois, NAFEX

125. Fruit Tree Spray Program
• Dormant Oil—aphids, mites, scales
– Winter (optional)
– ¼” green tip
• Fungicide—scale, p. mildew, rust
– Half inch green to pink
• Insecticide—codling moth larvae
– Pheromone traps at full bloom
– Determine biofix
– Count degree days
– Spray insecticide
– Repeat for 3 hatches per year

126. Fall

127. Good Cultural Practices In Autumn
• Pick up fruit as it falls
• Do not leave fruit on trees over winter
• Paint trunks or use tree wraps
• Clear leaves and mulch away from tree
trunks
• Water as needed during winter months;
check moisture on holidays.

128. Earwig eggs in apple mummy

129. Earwigs

130. Protect Tree
Trunks
Sunscald on Peach

131. Install Tree
Guards
or
Paint Trunks
50/50 white
latex paint
and water

132. Clear area around trunk

134. Enjoy and Learn
• Weekly tours
• Buy the book and use it!
• Google: The answer to all questions is there
• University of Nevada, Reno
Cooperative Extension 784-4848
A Master Gardener is waiting for your call!
michael@michaelsapples.com Newsletter

135. bumblebee