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1.
LTE and WiMax Technology
and Performance Comparison Dr.-Ing. Carsten Ball Nokia Siemens Networks Radio Access, GERAN &OFDM Systems: RRM and Simulations EW2007 Panel Tuesday, 3rd April, 2007 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
2.
Contents:
• Towards Broadband Wireless Access: Categorization of different Radio Access Standards • Radio Access Solutions: the 3GPP and the IEEE Technology Family • Detailed LTE vs. WiMax Comparison (Radio Perspective, Focus on lower Layers) • Performance Numbers: Peak Data Rates, Spectrum Efficiency and Technology Capability Limits • LTE or WiMax Market Success, what will be the winning Technology ? • Operator Use Cases and potential Ways of Acting • Summary and Conclusions 2 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
3.
Towards Broadband Wireless
Access 3GPP and IEEE offer a comprehensive migration path to Beyond 3G WiMAX (IEEE802.16d/e) covers fixed wireless and nomadic access, the e-Standard extends towards Mobility / Range (limited) mobility. HSPA Evolution and LTE target at high data rates combined with high subscriber mobility. UMTS Systems (W-CDMA) beyond 3G HSPA >2010 GSM GPRS EDGE HSPA Evolution GERAN IEEE Evolution 802.16e LTE (= EDGE-II) DECT WLAN IEEE (IEEE 802.11x) 802.16d User BlueTooth XDSL, CATV, Fiber data rate 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Mbps Both WiMax and LTE offer excellent User Data Rates in the order of 10 – 160 Mbps (Bandwidth !). 3 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. LTE design seems to be superior especially Commercially not Binding <<< and Data Throughput. >>> concerning Mobility
4.
Radio Access Solutions
at a Glance The 3GPP Technology Family GERAN UTRAN LTE (GSM/GPRS/EDGE) (W-CDMA/HSPA) • Large installed base with excellent • HSPA to apply the full power of W- • 3G evolution towards full large-area coverage CDMA @ reduced network cost broadband multimedia services • Quick and cost-effective upgrade • User experience comparable to • Significantly reduced network cost of existing networks DSL in terms throughput & latency • Flat Architecture, fully IP based • Near-broadband data services with • High capacity, full mobility, high • Flexible bandwidth and spectrum EDGE Phase II (up to 1 Mbps) data security and QoS usage • Seamless 2G/3G handover – • Quick and cost-effective upgrade • Full mobility, security, QoS assets worldwide coverage, global of existing networks roaming • Seamless 2G/3G/LTE handover • Seamless 2G/3G handover Full mobility with High speed data rates Broadband multimedia medium data rates with full mobility at lowest cost 4 Clear 3GPP Evolutionreserved. towards LTE, comprehensive 2G/3G/4G interworking, easy upgrade & © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights Path re-farming potential, seamless services (handover, roaming), full high-speed mobility. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
5.
Radio Access Solutions
at a Glance The IEEE Technology Family WLAN WiMAX stationary WiMAX mobile (IEEE 802.11) (IEEE 802.16d) (IEEE 802.16e) • Solution for specific markets • Fixed or mobile network operators • Fixed or mobile network operators including municipal networks and • Optimized wireless-DSL services • Optimized wireless-DSL services backhauling in combination with (Voice + data) (Voice + data) other radio access technologies, e.g. WiMAX backhaul for WLAN • Support of charging/billing typical • Support of charging/billing typical or WLAN backhaul for GSM for DSL (e.g. user classes, for DSL (e.g. user classes, volume/flat-rate packages) volume/flat-rate packages) • Hotspot business solution to complement MNO’s offering • High capacity for stationary use • High capacity; Limited mobility • High capacity for stationary use • Selective QoS • Selective QoS Large capacity High speed data rates High speed data rates for metro networks for fixed wireless access with limited mobility 5 Modular stand-alone Standards allowing for easy combinations and © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. offering high performance. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
6.
LTE vs. WiMax
Comparison (Radio Perspective) WiMax 802.16e LTE Comments Flat, IP based; Very Flat, IP based Both technologies with Network Architecture significantly reduced number of BS + ASN GW eNodeB + aGW nodes compared to 2G/3G. Services Packet Data, VoIP Packet Data, VoIP Full 3GPP Mobility with Mobility Mobile IP with targeted Target up to 350 km/h; LTE is fully embedded in the Mobility < 120 km/h 2G/3G Handover and 3GPP world incl. interRAT HO. Global Roaming Scalable OFDMA DL: OFDMA, SC-FDMA reduces PAPR by Access technology in UL & DL ~5 dB UL improvements !!! UL: SC-FDMA 1.25, 3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, Channel BW 14, 15, 20, 28 MHz 15, 20 MHz Both very flexible FFT-Size and 128 – 2048; dF variable; 128- 2048; Large dF required against Subcarrier Spacing 7- 20 kHz typically 10 kHz fixed dF = 15 kHz Doppler => higher velocity Flexible 1 / 32, ….,1 / 4; Short (5 µs) or Long CP Multipath Fadingto combat Both designed Cyclic Prefix CP typical 1 / 8 (17 µs) in different Environments Licensed & unlicensed, Licensed, LTE available at preferred low Spectrum Frequency Bands Coverage 2.3, 2.5, 3.5 & 5.8 GHz IMT-2000 Bands Advantage TDD + FDD FDD + TDD TDD requires Synchronization, Duplex Mode FDD can be asynchronous. TDD focus FDD focus Framing, TTI 2, …, 20 ms; fixed 2*0.5 ms slots TTI determines the Latency / 5 ms focus = 1 ms sub-frames PING Modulation & Coding BPSK, …, 64-QAM; QPSK, …, 64-QAM; CC + CTC (+BTC+LDPC) CC + CTC 6 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
7.
LTE vs. WiMax
Comparison (Radio Perspective) WiMax LTE Comments BS: 1, 2, 4 ; MS: 1, 2 eNodeB: 1, 2, 4 ; UE: 2 LTE working assumption is 2 MIMO, # Antennas Closed + open Loop Closed + open Loop DL Antennas per UE MIMO Modes Diversity + Spatial Multi. Diversity + Spatial Multi. Chase Comb. + IR; Chase Comb. + IR; HARQ N=8 stop & wait; stop & wait UL Sync., DL Async. Subchannel / Physical 24 x 2 Constellation 12 x 14 Constellation Resource Block Points in PUSC Mode Points LTE prefers frequency selective Adjacent AMC 2x3 or Localized + Distributed; Packet Scheduling, Interleaving / Mapping PUSC/FUSC Permutation; Focus Localized WiMax focuses on interference Focus Permutation averaging. DL Preamble + distributed Distributed Pilots Pilot Assisted Channel permuted Pilots depending on # Estimation (PACE) depending on # Antennas Antennas Overall Overhead @ VoIP + Data Mixture VoIP + Data Mixture LTE is more efficient, e.g. VoIP MAC Layer typically ~ 25 % typically ~ 15-20 % optimizations Flexible FCH + MAP Signaling Channels in LTE provides optimized and L1/L2 Signalling following the Preamble; max. first 3 Symbols; more efficient L1/L2-Signaling Sync. by Ranging CH Separate BCH, SCH also utilizing CDM components Flexible arbitrary Stripe-wise Allocation in LTE with less complex User Multiplexing Rectangles in T-F-Domain F-Domain Ressource Signaling 7 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
8.
Performance Numbers Peak Data
Rates Peak data rates > 150 100 Mbps 90 Downlink Uplink 80 70 60 Mbps 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 x 5 MHz 2 x 5 MHz 1 x 10 MHz 1 x 20 MHz 2 x 10 MHz 2 x 20 MHz HSPA HSPA WiMAX WiMAX LTE LTE Release 6 Release 8 802.16e 802.16e Release 8 Release 8 • Rather similar Peak Data Rates for HSPA evolution and WiMAX • LTE provides outstanding Data Rates beyond 150 Mbps in 2 x 20 MHz Bandwidth due to less overhead • WiMAX uses asymmetric 29:18 TDD in 10/20 MHz, whereas HSPA and LTE use FDD with 2 x 5 and 2 x 10/20 MHz 8 •© Prerequisite:All2x2reserved. with 64-QAM in Downlink Nokia Siemens Networks. rights MIMO >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
9.
Performance Numbers Spectrum Efficiency
Benchmarking 2.5 Full Buffer Simulation Results Downlink 2.0 Uplink bps/Hz/cell 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 HSPA R6 HSPA R6 HSPA R7 WiMAX LTE (TU channel) (Vehicular A) MIMO + reuse 3 64QAM + (29:18 TDD) equalizer • Similar spectral efficiency for HSPA evolution and WiMAX due to similar Feature Set • LTE is expected to provide higher efficiency than HSPA or WiMAX • WiMax assumed to be deployed in recommended frequency reuse 1/3, HSPA is definitely deployed in real reuse 1, whereas LTE utilizes fractional tight 9 reuse due to coordinated interference reduction © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
10.
Performance Numbers
Mobile Technology Capability Limits 6 "# "# $% 2$ 3 > $ & "# '( 4 0 < 1! ! 1 ! 1 )& * ( 1 , + , + , , ?1 , " -- ) 0% 0! 0! 0 01 0 0 05 ? 01− 0 . / " -- ); − + + !1−11 − .* / 4 ! 7 7 1+ 7 7 7 " *, 9 : 9 : + 8 1 8 +1 9 : ! 8 1! 6 < * & = 0 −%0! , 0 −%0! , 0 − 01 , 0 −%0! , + − , * ( All radio standards show comparable performance under comparable conditions and similar feature set: • Laws of physics apply to all of them • User rates mainly depend on bandwidth, modulation/coding and availability of MIMO (2x2 assumed) • Spectrum Efficiency is determined by Frequency Reuse and Feature Set (e.g. FSPS, MIMO, …) • Latency (e.g. PING Performance) depends on chosen Frame Duration or TTI • Coverage depends on frequency band, RF power limitations and duplex mode 10 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
11.
LTE or WiMax
Market Success, what will be the winning Technology ? Choosing the right technology path depends on each operator’s individual situation E.g. Available spectrum Spectrum cost Regulatory Standards compliance constraints E.g. Service s te offering La ra te Competitive ta nc E.g. Da situation y Population density Technological Legacy Traffic distribution constraints networks Demand for Investment services Ca y Protection Spending on Regional pa ci bilit Operator Future communication constraints ty Mo strategy proofness Availability and Technology variety of terminals Evolution Path Site Locations OPEX Terminal Costs Technical characteristics are just one part of the story !!! 11 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
12.
LTE or WiMax
Market Success, what will be the winning Technology ? Looking at typical operator use cases, there are most applicable and probable ways of acting • Extend 3G to HSPA Mobile Network Operator Incumbent 2G/3G • Extend 2G to EDGE and EDGE II mobile operator • Upgrade to LTE later New 3G • Build up UMTS/HSPA network mobile operator • Upgrade to LTE later • Extend to EDGE and EDGE II for mobile data Incumbent 2G mobile operator • In addition, use WiMAX mostly in urban-area with BWA (non-3G) license hot-zones, with focus on fixed-line substitution (voice & data) since HSPA not possible. Access Provider, Fixed Networks New operator • Use WiMAX for licensed bands, 3.5 GHz FDD (fixed/nomadic) with BWA (non-3G) license or 2.5 GHz TDD (fixed/nomadic/mobile) No license available • Use WLAN for hotspot/metro networks 12 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
13.
Summary and Conclusions:
LTE WiMAX Mobile IMT2000 WiMax IMT-2000 member Spectrum other (2.3, 2.5 & 3.5 GHz) Circuit Switched, Voice (VoIP) (VoIP) Services Packet Switched, Data Full Mobility Mobility Nomadic Mobility Backwards Compatibility full 3GPP interoperability ( ) Roaming WiMax to WiMax Coverage (LTE-900) , if f < 3.5GHz Performance Capacity ( ) Latency ( ) Availability 2009/2010 2007/2008 • LTE comes ~ 2 years later than WiMax and hence provides some technical advantages over WiMax. • LTE must be seen especially in the context of the mature and world-wide dominating GERAN and UMTS/HSPA Systems allowing for Handover/Roaming as well as Refarming Scenarios. • Judgment on the “best” technology, however, depends on specific operator needs and prerequisites. • LTE and WiMax are basically for different customers in different spectrum: no strong Competition. •13 Nokia Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. © Siemens Networks is pleased to offer a strong and comprehensive Portfolio including >>> Commercially not Binding <<< both WiMax and LTE operating even on the same Platform (NSN FlexiBTS).
14.
Thank You … 14
© Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
15.
Dr.-Ing. Carsten Ball
Dr. Carsten Ball received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrodynamics in 1993 and the Dr.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering in 1996 from the Technical University of Karlsruhe, Germany. Since 1997 he is with Siemens Mobile Networks and since April 2007 with Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) in Munich, Germany, currently heading the GERAN and OFDM Systems Architecture Radio & Simulation group. He is responsible for the GSM, GPRS and EDGE performance as well as for the upcoming OFDM radio technologies (WiMax, LTE). Dr. Ball’s research interests include simulation, protocol stacks, optimization and efficient algorithm design in cellular radio networks. 15 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
16.
Backups: 16
© Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
17.
Flat Architecture Evolution •
Flat architecture = single network element in radio network and in the core network • Significant Node Reduction compared to previous GERAN and UMTS Standard • Same architecture in i-HSPA, LTE and in WiMAX 9 : "# ! $ % ! # " 17 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
18.
Cell Range for
Mobile and Fixed Wireless • Good quality Fixed wireless WiMAX network can be built for outdoor antennas with GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA sites • Mobile WiMax suffers from Coverage Challenge (especially indoor) due to high Frequency Bands • LTE provides comparable coverage to GSM/EDGE (@ 900 MHz) or HSPA (@900/2100 MHz) Suburban coverage WiMAX 3500 Uplink outdoor fixed Downlink Fixed application WiMAX 2500 No indoor loss outdoor fixed CPE Antenna WiMAX 3500 indoor height 5 m mobile WiMAX 2500 indoor mobile Mobile application HSPA2100 indoor Indoor loss 15 dB mobile MS Antenna HSPA900 indoor height 1.5 m mobile 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 km 18 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
19.
Key success factors
show clear profiles for available technologies Economy of scale Spectrum availability GSM Economy of scale Spectrum availability UTRAN and cost impact and cost impact GPRS HSPA EDGE IPR regime Variety of terminals IPR regime Variety of terminals Compatibility with Compatibility with Voice performance Voice performance existing standards existing standards Lean architecture Broadband data performance Lean architecture Broadband data performance Full mobility with medium data rates High speed data rates with full mobility Economy of scale Spectrum availability LTE Economy of scale Spectrum availability WiMAX and cost impact and cost impact IPR regime Variety of terminals IPR regime Variety of terminals Compatibility with Compatibility with Voice performance Voice performance existing standards existing standards Lean architecture Broadband data performance Lean architecture Broadband data performance Broadband multimedia at lowest cost High speed data rates with limited mobility 19 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
20.
Technology Choice is
Defined by Current Network, Spectrum Assets and Voice Strategy @" 6 > > &C 9#( 01 @ > 6" +01 @ ; A ) A ; A B B B > @" > " - , < ; A A B B 6 "# ' 2 LTE and WiMax are basically for different customers in different spectrum: no strong Competition expected 20 © Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. >>> Commercially not Binding <<<
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