4. Permanently
disabled
exPloring toPiCs! Harsher
punishment
Cloning? Bull fighting
Where do you draw the line? Death? How many calls get
Dog racing ignored?
Which countries still allow it Do organisations do
and why? all they can?
Animals in sport
Animal Cruelty Circus animals
Animal Testing
Which companies Stray animal?
test on animals? Animal
Rights! Prime minister of
Ukraine burning dogs!
The conditions
within factories! Universal laws for all
Do we have a Should fur be countries?
right to know? banned?
Fox Hunting
Cows strapped into Innocent animals die for
tight machines all fashion, why is this legal?
day and all night
Battery farming for Is it still being done
chickens illegally?
Selective breeding
5. How many calls get ignored?
Should they have Where does it stop?
freedom to run E.g. Cases when they don’t show up to rescue
E.g. Some owners dye their an animal?
wild?
pet’s fur
Should animals wear Are they really doing all that
clothing? they can? Where do the
animals that
Pets as accessories The RCPCA
aren't adopted
E.g. dogs in PETA go?
handbags Animal
Animals for
organisations Ukrainian Prime
entertainment Minister burned
Circus Animals stray dogs!
Animals in Zoo’s
Bears forced to dance Animal
Cruelty! Is right to keep wild
Selective Breeding animals in tight spaces?
Elephants forced to
perform Are animals treated Should they run free?
correctly in zoo’s?
What happens to animals that
don’t posses certain qualities? Are cuter animals e.g. puppies favoured over
less attractive animals e.g. sloths?
Animals provoked This is actually a disability and can even be
to fight each other Small animals bred together painful for animals
for the cute factor E.g. Their small skulls create pressure due to
their larger brain
6. Do we have the right to know how Some animals are
our meat is raised and killed? selectively bred so that
people will buy them
Is there another alternative
Should they have the to killing these animals?
right to run free?
E.g. certain breeds of dog are
Is it morally right to selectively bred with pit bulls
What happens to the
keep chickens in such (which are illegal) so that
animals that are born
tights spaces? they can have certain traits
with defects?
Is there an
alternative in how to
Battery
Farming Selective Small animals are
raise them? bred together for
Breeding
the cute factor
Some farms give their
animals steroids to grow Animals Mixing certain
bigger for Food! characteristics
Living conditions of can cause
How is meat health
animals
problems
produced at such a
rapid speed? Cows are kept hooked What happened
Should farmers be able up to machines all day to the male
to clone animals for
Is the quality of our food and night in order to cows?
faster production of produce milk
ruined by such
meat? Some cows are artificially
procedures?
inseminated so that they
Inserting certain hormones for can produce
faster reproduction of animals milk
7. reseArCh on toPiC-AnimAl
rights
PETA Killed a Near Record-Breaking 95 Percent
of Adoptable Dogs and Cats in its Care During
2011!
• According to records from the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services, PETA killed 1,911 cats and dogs last year while placing just 24 in adoptive
homes.
• Since 1998, a total of 27,751 pets have died at the hands of PETA workers.
• A 2010 inspection of 290 PETA animal custody records performed by the Virginia
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services discovered that PETA killed 84% of the
animals it took control of within only 24 hours.
• Additionally, the inspection discovered that PETA’s animal shelter didn't meet PETA’s
own published guidelines for running a humane shelter.
http://www.petakillsanimals.com/
9. reseArCh on toPiC-AnimAl
rights
Animal Testing
• There is no worldwide ban on animal testing for cosmetics: despite progress with some
countries and companies, over 80% of the world still allows animals to be used in cruel
experiments.
• New figures from the Home Office published in July 2011 showed there had been a 3%
increase in the number of scientific procedures carried out on living animals, much to the
dismay of the animal charities.
• Under the 1986 Act, project licences are only granted for specified permissible purposes:
1. When there are no non-animal alternatives.
2. When the benefits expected from the programmes of work are judged to outweigh the
likely adverse effects on the animals concerned.
3. The number of animals used and their suffering must be minimised.
10. reseArCh on toPiC-AnimAl
rights
Animal Cruelty Statistics
• More than 25 million vertebrate animals are used in testing in the United States each year.
When invertebrate animals are thrown into the mix, the estimated number rises to as high
as 100 million.
• 23.5% rise in the number of people convicted for cruelty & neglect in UK - (1,341 in 2011).
• 22% rise in the convictions relating to cruelty to dogs in UK - (2,105 in 2011)
• 27% rise in prison sentences imposed by courts in UK - (74 in 2011)
• 9.3% increase in the numbers of people reported to the RSPCA prosecutions department in
UK - (3,036 in 2011)
• 13% rise in the number of phone calls received by the RSPCA in UK - (1,314,795 in 2011)
• Most animals used in the UK are mice, with European statistics showing nearly 1.87 million
used in 2005. National statistics for the UK, however, showed that this figure is 2.81 million.
In addition, this figure rose for 2006 to 2.95 million animals.
• Over 20,000 rabbits were used for animal testing in the UK in 2004.
11. reseArCh on toPiC-AnimAl
rights
Animal Testing Laws in UK
• An experiment must be governed by three different licenses:
1. The first is a project license for the head researcher who oversees the
experimentation.
2. The second license involves certification for the agency, which serves to confirm that it
has appropriate facilities and that it is sufficiently staffed to handle the experiment and
the animal testing.
3. The third license is a personal license for every single researcher or technician who will
be involved in fulfilling the procedural requirements.
• A license is only granted if the benefit outweighs the potential negative effects to the
animal.
http://www.aboutanimaltesting.co.uk/local-laws-animal-testing.html
12. reseArCh on toPiC-AnimAl
rights
• The number
has started to
rise again
• What really is the difference between and
experiment and a procedure?
• We are sugar coating the truth!
13. reseArCh on toPiC-AnimAl
rights
Food Production
• It is likely that cloning will be used to produce multiple carbon-copies of the highest yielding cows and
fastest growing pigs.
• It therefore threatens to accelerate the use of highly intensive genetics in farm animals, causing
greater suffering to animals and perpetuating industrial farming.
• Increasingly, consumers and food companies are recognising that the way animals are bred and reared
affects the quality of the food.
• Animals are being pushed to their physical limits and are often breaking down as a result. They are
genetically selected to suffer.
• Since the 1950s, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a number of steroid hormone
drugs for use in beef cattle and sheep, including natural estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and
their synthetic versions. These drugs increase the animals’ growth rate, the efficiency by which they
convert the feed they eat into meat, and the leanness of their meat.
http://www.acompassionateworld.org/2010/08/cloning-%E2%80%93-factory-farming
%E2%80%99s-fast-track/
14. develoPing PotentiAl
toPiC 1
• A) What is the purpose of the documentary?
The purpose is to not only expose organisations like the RSPCA but also raise awareness on
the harsh facts of animal cruelty and testing.
• B) What would people learn about this topic from your documentary?
- People will learn the different laws within animal testing.
- What are the different requirements or licences.
- How animals are bred and raised, and does this effect what we consume?
- Differed cases on animal cruelty.
- Do animal protection organisations ignore calls?
- What happens to animals that aren't adopted?
- What effects does animal testing have on animals?
- Statistics on animal testing and animal cruelty.
-
15. develoPing PotentiAl
toPiC 1
• C) Connect purpose to audience – why should/do they want to learn about this topic?
If people actually care about, not only the well-being of animals but also the quality of their food they will
be interested in this documentary.
• D) Who is the audience, target audience, secondary audience? Niche or mass - why?
The target audience would be mass, due to the fact that this is a universal topic that effects everyone
regardless of whether they care about animals or not. It effects the environment which ultimately
effects people.
With that said, it will perhaps draw more animal lovers in than those who are less interested.
Vegetarians would also be a target audience.
• E) What style of documentary is it? (observatory, participatory (informative, persuasive etc) Explain
why/how
It will be informative and persuasive.
Informative: The audience will learn about the different laws for animal testing and cruelty and animal
testing. They will also be informed of different farming methods.
Persuasive: It will persuade people to get more involved with animal rights and the well-being of animals.
16. AnimAl rights - series
ePisodes!
• Episode 1:
Animal Testing- Which counties still allow this to take place?
- What is the testing for? Cosmetics? Is this moral?
- What kinds of effects does testing have on the animals?
• Episode 2:
Animal Cruelty- How many cases are reported per year in the UK?
- Do organisations such as the RSPCA do all that they can?
- How many of our calls get ignored?
• Episode 3:
Food Industry- Battery farming, is it moral?
- How does free range differ from ordinary products?
- What conditions are animals kept in before they are killed?
- Are they killed in painful ways?
17. exPloring toPiCs!
Are the public How does it differ from
fuelling this? stalking?
Paparazzi regularly The death of Princess
drive vehicles with Diana
no plates Too invasive
Have we become
obsessed with Are they being Too excessive?
obeyed? Should there be a
looking at
limit?
others? Are there any
laws?
Is it healthy to Are our perceptions of
idolise people in the Paparazzi people being altered by
media? and the the media?
media!
Celebrities Another form
Is it just another way to have rights too of control?
increase popularity? What is a
Trespassing celebrity?
Are they to blame for How do we know
the life they chose? what’s true?
Physical contact Too easy to
with celebrities achieve fame?
Publicity stunts?
Assault?
18. Do some celebrities tip Don’t deserve any People become too
off paparazzi protections beyond what is obsessed with stars
themselves? given to the average E.g. Reading gossip
It is good to
citizen magazines religiously
have someone
Publicity stunts to look up to
They are aware of the life Is it healthy to have
they are getting into idols within the media?
Often paparazzi
become too Should they be protected Should we idolise
invasive from paparazzi? celebrities? T.V. personality
Reality T.V. star
Not all artists or
Celebrity Theories
performers want to
become famous Celebrities?
Artist National
Treasure
What are the What Makes
effects of Can you have success without You Famous?
excessive fame? How much does
Has it become too the public have to
paparazzi easy to achieve fame?
What is the do with creating
E.g. Princess The role of the
difference between a celebrities?
Diana or audience
‘Star’ and a How much do
Britney Spears Are our perceptions
‘Personality’ we control?
altered by a higher
When does it become stalking? power? To what extent is the
This is illegal media controlled?
19. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
Privacy?
• Legal battles over the right to privacy have ensued since the 1st Amendment was
enacted in 1791.
• New laws are enacted and set usually after an incident or situation arises that is
deemed too destructive to society.
• Sometimes it takes decades of damage before our laws catch up with the needed
change.
• E.g. – Princess Diana died trying to escape paparazzi.
• The paparazzi were infamously blamed, in part, for causing the car crash that killed
Princess Diana.
20. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi And
the mediA!
Problems with paparazzi
• Many paparazzo trespass into the homes of celebrities and even climb trees to get shots of their
house.
• Paparazzi regularly drive vehicles with no plates and when they break the law using their vehicles (like
running red lights or causing an accident) there is no way for anyone to track the perpetrators down.
• Current law does not allow photos to be taken of a private citizen in certain "private" situations and
places. It also does not allow injurious false information to be published.
• Some paparazzi have been accused of intentionally causing someone to fall or get hit by a camera -
these may be battery and charges may be pressed.
• The courts have protected the gathering and printing of "news worthy" information about private
citizens as long as it has social value and doesn't cause a reasonable intrusion on the privacy of the
individual.
- However all paparazzi photographs and video are of high-profile people doing very mundane, everyday
activities - eating, walking, driving, visiting their doctor, etc. Photos documenting these normal, every-day
http://www.paparazzi-reform.org/legal/
21. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
Problems with paparazzi
1. Car chases: Lindsay Lohan and Scarlett Johansson were both involved in car accidents
while being chased by paparazzi. One paparazzo even caused a deliberate accident
with Catherine Zeta-Jones to get her out of her car for a photo. Princess Dianna was
killed in a car crash while her driver attempted to flee the paparazzi.
2. Setting off fire alarms to force their object to evacuate a building.
3. Tripping next to their target to attempt an up-skirt photo.
4. Peeking through open drapes of celebrity houses to take photos of a celebrity's
private life. A most popular example of this tactic is the paparazzo who took a topless
photo of Jennifer Aniston while furtively camping outside her house.
http://www.bestfunfacts.com/pop-
culture.html
22. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
The effect on Celebrities
• The paparazzi have become as much a part of the Hollywood culture as the stars they follow. We have
them to thank for the shots of Britney Spears shaving her head, Lindsay Lohan passed out drunk in a
friend’s car, and Paris Hilton being carted off to jail.
• So who are these people? Ruthless predators who will do anything to get the shot? Or are they hard
workers playing an important role in keeping the Hollywood machine running?
• Reports of celebrities getting in physical fights with paparazzi surface almost weekly.
• Britney Spears took an umbrella to a paparazzo’s car. Julia Roberts chased down a photographer she
caught snapping away at her children’s school.
• Brad Pitt, whose family is one of the biggest targets of paparazzi, has been vocal about his disdain for
these guerrilla photographers. “I hate these people. I don’t understand how they do that for a living,”
he told the Today Show.
23. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
The effect on Celebrities
• In 2008, Sienna Miller won $80,000 in settlements after suing British paparazzi who she said harassed
her and invaded her privacy, by chasing her while she was in her car and stalking her outside her home.
• She later said of the case: “I’m the first person to sue and win against the paparazzi on harassment
charges.
• It’s absolutely changed my life. I didn’t want to shut down and hide myself away.“
• In 2010, Nicole Richie successfully got a restraining order against Fabricio Luis Mariotto, who she said
tried to scare her family in order to elicit reactionary photographs.
• The order mandates that Mariotto stay 100 yards from the family.
• Richie said that Mariotto “drives erratically around my children and others, yells, screams and
attempts to scare us so that he can photograph our reactions.“
• Princess Diana's death in a 1997 Paris car accident has been widely blamed on paparazzi who were
chasing the car.
• Originally, nine photographers were charged with manslaughter, but in 2002, they were found not
guilty.
• Three of the photographers were later charged in 2006, with invasion of privacy, but they were fined
only 1 euro.
24. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
How media is controlled
• In the United States, every major media corporation is privately owned and funded. The
publicly funded ones are generally dedicated to culture and public affairs, such as the
Hispanic Information and Telecommunications Network.
• The ARD and ZDF networks, both of which are publicly owned and funded, dominate
German television, while German newspaper companies are privately owned.
• In Britain, broadcast media is dominated by the BBC and Channel 4, both of which are
public firms, though they face competition from the privately owned ITV, Five and Virgin
Media Television.
• British newspapers are privately owned.
25. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
Kate Middleton Scandal
• Police yesterday raided the offices of French magazine Closer in the hunt for the
photographer who took topless pictures of the Duchess of Cambridge.
• Detectives confirmed they were looking for evidence at Closer’s Paris headquarters
‘which might lead to the identity’ of the paparazzi photographer responsible.
• But as they searched for evidence a Swedish magazine was publishing the intimate
photographs.
• Interestingly the photographs were banned from being published anywhere in the UK.
• This says a lot about the amount of power that he royal family has over what is published.
• This brings up the debate on whether what we see in the media is a true interpretation.
26. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
The role of the audience
• Different people experience the same media message differently.
• Audiences play a role in interpreting media texts because each audience member brings to the media text a
unique set of life experiences (age, gender, education, cultural upbringing, etc.)
• When applied to the text this creates unique interpretations.
• A World War II veteran, for example, brings a different set of experiences to a movie like Saving Private Ryan
than any other audience member resulting in a different reaction to the film as well as, perhaps, greater
insight.
• The more questions we can ask about what we are experiencing around us, the more alert we can be about
accepting or rejecting messages.
• Research indicates that, over time, children of all ages can learn age-appropriate skills that give them a new
set of glasses with which they can “read” and interpret their media culture.
• Many tabloid newspapers and gossip websites earn millions just by reporting anything and everything about
celebrities and as long as this sort of news is in demand by the public, celebrities will be made.
27. reseArCh on toPiC-PAPArAzzi
And the mediA!
What is a celebrity?
• The entertainment industry is the largest supplier and host of celebrities.
• Those involved in this business are typically talented, attractive and charismatic.
• They’ve learnt the art of appealing to masses; it’s their job.
Celebrity Endorsement
• Celebrity endorsements have proven very successful around the world where, due to increasing
consumerism, an individual is considered a status symbol when they purchase a celebrity-endorsed
product.
• The analysis identifies that celebrity endorsers may have a significant impact on the perceived target
market for a product, highlighting their potential role in repositioning a brand.
• However, the celebrity may crowd out the endorsed product.
• The role of personal liking is critical, although this is ignored in existing source models of celebrity
endorsement.
28. develoPing PotentiAl
toPiC 2 – PAPArAzzi
• A) What is the purpose of the documentary?
The purpose of the documentary is to explore the effect that the media has on society and how celebrities
are effected by the paparazzi.
• B) What would people learn about this topic from your documentary?
People will learn about the different laws surrounding privacy.
How and what rules to paparazzi photographers break when getting pictures of celebrities.
The effect of paparazzi on celebrities.
What effect the media has on society.
How an audience has control over the media.
29. develoPing PotentiAl
toPiC 2 – PAPArAzzi
•D) Who is the audience, target audience, secondary audience? Niche or mass - why?
The target audience will be mass as the media is something that effects anyone and everyone
because it is everywhere.
However perhaps young female viewers might be a little more drawn in due to the fact that they
tend to have more of an interest in the world of celebrities and famous people.
With that said, the is also room for a male audience as the topic also explores the different laws
and how they are breached by paparazzi.
•E) What style of documentary is it? (observatory, participatory, informative, persuasive etc)
Explain why/how.
It is an informative documentary because it will be exploring different debates concerning
paparazzi and the law and also how we are effected my media.
Therefore it will inform people of the positives and negatives
E.g. do paparazzi increase fame or disrupt lives and cause stress?
30. PAPArAzzi- series ePisodes!
Episode 1:
•The laws within paparazzi
- Different rules for different countries?
- The power that the royal family have on the media.
- Photos of Kate only published in France.
- what laws are breached in order to get photos?
- Why do laws change for people in the public eye?
Episode 2:
•The role of the audience
- Do the public create celebrities?
- Are audiences in control of what is shown in the media? Public demand?
- Are our perceptions of people in the public eye altered by whoever is in control? Are celebrities
portrayed in a reliable way?
Episode 3:
•The effects of paparazzi
- Do they increase fame? Publicity stunts? Celebrity scandals help publicity. Is there a difference between good
publicity and
bad publicity?
- When its too excessive does it have a negative impact? E.g. Princess Diana and Britney Spears.
- When does it turn into stalking?
- Some celebrities are bombarded with paparazzi and can even get physically hurt.
