Multimedia definitions

Study guide for week 4:
Topic 2 – sound editing I
Multimedia definitions
KUM7088 Multimedia in Music Education
Composed by
Gerhard Lock

KUM7088 Multimedia in Music Education
Composed by Gerhard Lock
What MULTIMEDIA means?
Lexical form:
multimedia = plural of „multimedium“
Widely used word in the plural form without taking into account that
(especially in Estonian) it should be used in compositae rather with the
singular than the plural form.

Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat [Estonian Orthographic Dictionary] (ÕS),
Eesti Keele Instituut [Estonian Language Institute] 2006
http://portaal.eki.ee/dict/qs/
mul'ti+.meedium [multimedium] INFO simultaneous usage of several (text,
graphics, sound, video) information presentation forms in a computer, telefon
etc.
Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Estonian Describing Dictionary]
(EKSS), Eesti Keele Instituut [Estonian Language Institute] 2009
http://www.eki.ee/dict/ekss/
multi|meedium [multimedium] INFO in several forms (sound, text,
graphics and video) combined and simultaneously presented information or
work.

Teaduse ja Tehnika Seletav Sõnaraamat / Dictionary of Science and
technology II (1998)
multimedia Comp [computer technology], ImageTech [pilditehnoloogia] A
combination of video, graphics, text and audio, using interactive programmes
sourced from rapid access disks eg CD, CD-ROM and accessed usually via
a computer – multimedium
multimedia Telecomm [telecommunication] The simultaneous availability on
a communications network, computer system or electronic recording medium
of audio, video (still and motion) and data transfer. Multimedia use of a local
area network, for example, could involve users communication by voice,
showing each other documents and exchanging files, all within a common
screen format – multimedium

Visual Thesaurus (2013)
Multimedia, multimedia system
Transmission that combine media of
communication (text and graphics and
sound etc.

Oxford Dictionary (2013)
multimedia | məlti mēdēə, məltī-|ˈ ˈ ˈ
adjective
(of art, education, etc.) using more than one medium of expression or communication: a multimedia art
form.
• (of computer applications) incorporating audio and video, esp. interactively.
noun
the use of a variety of artistic or communicative media.
• an extension of hypertext allowing the provision of audio and video material cross-
referenced to a computer text.

Encyclopaedia Britannica ONLINE (2013)
interactive multimedia
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289959/interactive-multimedia
Any computer-delivered electronic system that allows the user to control, combine, and
manipulate different types of media, such as text, sound, video, computer graphics, and
animation. Interactive multimedia integrate computer, memory storage, digital (binary) data,
telephone, television, and other information technologies. Their most common applications
include training programs, video games, electronic encyclopaedias, and travel guides.
Interactive multimedia shift the user’s role from observer to participant and are considered the
next generation of electronic information systems.
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A personal computer (PC) system with conventional magnetic-disk memory storage
technically qualifies as a type of interactive multimedia. More advanced interactive systems
have been in use since the development of the computer in the mid-20th century—as flight
simulators in the aerospace industry, for example. The term was popularized in the early
1990s, however, to describe PCs that incorporate high-capacity optical (laser) memory
devices and digital sound systems.
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The most common multimedia machine consists of a PC with a digital speaker unit and a CD-
ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, which optically retrieves data and instructions
from a CD-ROM. Many systems also integrate a handheld tool (e.g., a control pad or joystick)
that is used to communicate with the computer. Such systems permit users to read and
rearrange sequences of text, animated images, and sound that are stored on high-capacity CD-
ROMs. Systems with CD write-once read-many (WORM) units allow users to create and
store sounds and images as well. Some PC-based multimedia devices integrate television and
radio as well.
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Encyclopaedia Britannica ONLINE [2013]
Interactive multimedia
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Among the interactive multimedia systems under commercial development by the mid-1990s
were cable television services with computer interfaces that enable viewers to interact with
television programs; high-speed interactive audiovisual communications systems that rely on
digital data from fibre-optic lines or digitized wireless transmissions; and virtual reality
systems that create small-scale artificial sensory environments.

New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ONLINE [2013]*
Computers and music
The term ‘computer’ is normally reserved for a processing system that satisfies certain
minimum functional requirements. Specifically, the central processing unit must be able to
process alphanumeric information (text and numbers) in some standard form of digital
coding, to communicate directly with a memory bank of sufficient capacity to hold both a
program and also its immediate data, to support the ordered use of both arithmetic and logic
instructions, and to service links to the outside world for the input and output of information
as well as devices which may be directly attached to the computer in order to enhance the
operation of the system as a whole, for example a disc-based data storage unit.
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* Manning, P. et al. [2012]. Computers and music. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online,
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/40583 [07.06.2013].

Computers and music
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Two important considerations have to be addressed in this context: what kind of musical
functions are amenable to the processes of digital computation, and how is it possible to
convert all the various forms of music data that may be encountered into a machine-
readable form? Computers have been used for all manner of applications, from the synthesis
of new sounds and the analysis of music in notated form to desktop music publishing and
studies in music psychology; from analysing the ways in which we respond to musical
stimuli to the processes of music performance itself. One constantly recurring issue is the
nature of the relationships between a scientific tool that operates entirely within a
framework of predetermined functions, and a range of human activities that in many
instances reflect some of the most accomplished feats of human creativity.
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Computers and music
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There are indeed pitfalls for the unwary, but it is important to remember that the quality of
the results obtained from computer systems is entirely dependent on the programming
and engineering skills of those who design and operate them. As the discipline matures,
so does our understanding of what may be possible in the future. Although the pace of
technological change since the previous edition of this dictionary appeared in 1980 has been
quite remarkable, there are good reasons to suppose that the next few decades are unlikely to
prove so capricious. Whereas the main thrust of developments has hitherto been closely tied
to increasing the raw power and accessibility of computers, their capacity to perform complex
mathematical and engineering operations is no longer a primary issue. The key to real
progress now lies almost exclusively in our capacity to apply such resources for
musically useful ends.
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Computers and music
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Of all the creative arts music provides arguably the most significant challenges to those
who seek to translate its characteristics into a machine-readable form. This has involved
the design of a number of non-standard computer interfaces and the development of an
extensive range of special coding techniques. The need for such tools has decreased largely
because of the upsurge of general interest in multimedia applications. Whereas in the early
1980s computers both large and small lacked facilities for audio input and output, and at best
offered only rudimentary graphics tools, the modern personal computer provides
sophisticated colour graphics resources, and high-quality audio facilities have become
the rule rather than the exception. Although advanced research applications are still for the
most part best left to the specialist composer, performer or musicologist, a number of the
techniques described below are readily accessible to the home computer user with musical
interests, amateur or professional.

Multimedia definitions

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