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breakthrough                                                                     August 2012 | Issue 20
                                                                        More than 200 guests attended the glittering second annual
                                                                        Garvan Gala black-tie dinner. The spectacular evening raised
                                                                        approx. $400,000 for the John Shine Translational Research
                                                                        Fellowship Fund at Garvan. See page 7 for the full story.




Making NEWS
Losing six kilograms reduces artery stiffness by 20 per
cent in obese people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes
carries a six-fold greater risk of heart disease due to
atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Garvan’s
Associate Professor Katherine Samaras and Associate
Professor Christopher Hayward from St. Vincent’s
Hospital have shown that arterial stiffness is directly
associated with inflammation – that is, activation of
white blood cells and genes that regulate inflammation.

Garvan researchers Dr Lowenna Holt, Associate
Professor Greg Cooney and Professor Roger Daly have
identified a gene that regulates muscle size, a finding
that could help unlock therapies for Type 2 diabetes
                                                          Inside this issue:
and diseases such as muscular dystrophy, where            From the CEO				                                                      2
muscles are weakened and damaged. While researching
ways to improve the response of muscle to insulin,        Opinion 				                                                          2
they observed that a particular strain of genetically
                                                          Garvan Australian Spectacular		                                       3
modified mice – missing the Grb10 protein – had large
muscles. Even newborn mice missing Grb10 had larger       Toongi Country Gardens Weekend	                                       3
muscles, indicating that this protein regulates muscle
development before birth.                                 Understanding the brain		                                            4

                                                          Staff profile: Romain Rouet		                                        6
A biological phenomenon known as ‘somatic
reversion’ – when an abnormal gene spontaneously          Team Phil				                                                        6
becomes normal again – explains why some patients
                                                          Ask Garvan				                                                        7
with a rare immunodeficiency known as X-linked
lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) live much longer        Garvan Gala				                                                       7
than expected. Many XLP patients die before they
reach 10 years of age, and the majority have a life       Diagnosis leads to 13-years of service	                               7
expectancy of less than 40 years. However, Garvan
researchers Dr Umaimainthan Palendira and Associate       Clinical studies				                                                  8
Professor Stuart Tangye discovered that a substantial     Coming up				                                                         8
percentage lived much longer than expected, even
approaching the age of 50.                                In memoriam				                                                       8
breakthrough                                                                                                                                                                                         August 2012 | Issue 20 3

From the                                                                                                                          Garvan Australian Spectacular
CEO
The past few months have been an exciting
period for Garvan. As well as important
breakthroughs that you can read about in this
                                                            Opinion                                                               lives up to its name
                                                                                                                                  The inaugural Garvan Australian Spectacular was
                                                                                                                                  held at the beautiful Sydney Town Hall on Saturday
                                                                                                                                  28 April.
                                                                                                                                  Comedian Paul Martell did an outstanding job as MC,
issue, we have been fortunate to have had
                                                                                                                                  and kept the audience in stitches. Talented performers
some of the world’s very best scientists and
                                                                                                                                  included The Sydney International Orchestra; The
researchers visit the campus to share insights.                                                                                   Australian Army Band, Sydney; VOX – The Sydney
Some of the major visitors were Professor                                                                                         Philharmonia Youth Choir; Jane Scali; Scott Radburn;
                                                                                           Medical research institutes            Erin James, The Macquarie Singers; Adam Scicluna, and
John Stamatoyannopoulos from the University
                                                                                           and medical scientists are             Jenny Liu. Young performers Harry Ward on violin, Brian
of Washington (Seattle) Genome Center and
                                                                                           motivated by the quest to cure         Kim on flute and singer Fabian Andrés gave rousing
Professor Yehiel Zick and Professor Michael                                                                                       performances.
                                                                                           or, preferably, prevent human
Walker from the Weizmann Institute of
                                                                                           disease. In Australia and other        The audience was also privileged to hear musical
Science, Israel.
                                                                                           advanced countries, the defeat         arrangements by the great Australian Maestro, Dr
A particular highlight was a visit by Professor                                            of most infectious diseases            Tommy Tycho AM MBE, who attended the concert.
Elizabeth Blackburn, the first Australian                                                  means that the major health            From classical and contemporary music, to opera and
woman to win a Nobel Prize, who gave a                                                     burden has switched to the             comedy, through to the stirring patriotic finale that left
lecture particularly aimed at engaging with                                                                                       the audience with goose bumps – the Garvan Australian
                                                                                           more complex diseases like
high school students considering a career in                                                                                      Spectacular really did have something for everyone.
                                                                                           cancer, osteoporosis and
science. She gave her talk, ‘From Tasmanian                                                                                       We would like to sincerely thank the organising committee – Dr Steve Watson, Ken Laing AM and especially Pauline Cash
                                                                                           neurodegenerative diseases that,
Schoolgirl to Nobel Laureate’, to a packed                                                                                        Cumming, as well as all performers, staff and volunteers who gave so generously to make this concert such a success.
                                                                                           regrettably, increase with age.
Garvan Auditorium made up of school                                                                                               Funds raised at the Garvan Australian Spectacular were donated to the Garvan Institute of Medical Research.
students from across NSW and Garvan                                                          The fact is, we usually have to
                                                           Professor John Mattick AO FAA



                                                                                                                                  Toongi Country Gardens
researchers – all of whom left inspired.                         Executive Director          understand a disease before
                                                                                             we can work out how to stop it.
Of course, a major ongoing highlight has
been to see The Kinghorn Cancer Centre                   This was true in cancer where, over the past 30 years, identifying


                                                                                                                                  Weekend – A Blooming Success
steadily rise from the ground as it approaches           the genes that are mutated in cancer was the prerequisite to
completion, ready for occupation by both                 the development of drugs to block them. The same is true of
Garvan researchers and clinicians from St                osteoporosis – a silent killer, as many people die within months
Vincent’s. As this issue goes to print, we will          to a few years of a major fracture, yet we don’t know who will die                                                                                         In October, a hard-working committee of locals
be rapidly approaching our opening date of               or why. However we do know that treatment reduces the risk of                                                                                              including Fay and Jim Pascoe, Bill and Lesley Hyland,
28 August 2012.                                          fractures and of premature death. We need to find out whom we                                                                                              Phil and Sue Sheridan, Carolyn Pascoe, Graeme
                                                         need to target.                                                                                                                                            Coddington, Kim Job and Janet Watters organised a
The Kinghorn Cancer Centre – like much of the                                                                                                                                                                       fundraising weekend in the Toongi area of Dubbo.
work undertaken here at Garvan – takes place             The trouble is, we do not yet understand the origins of osteoporosis
thanks to the generosity of the general public.          or neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s                                                                                             The Toongi Country Gardens Weekend saw four
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    magnificent country gardens open to the public, some
                                                         disease. We also do not have a good understanding of how bone
Thank you for your ongoing support.                                                                                                                                                                                 for the very first time, with stalls strongly supported by
                                                         strength is regulated, nor how the brain functions.
Yours sincerely,                                                                                                                                                                                                    local retailers providing country morning and afternoon
                                                         Garvan has major research programs in these areas, and a team                                                                                              teas, crafts and all things gardening, as well as talks by
Andrew Giles                                                                                                                                                                                                        well-known gardening experts.
                                                         of extraordinarily gifted and dedicated individuals who spend
Garvan Research Foundation
                                                         most of their waking hours wrestling with these questions. We                                                                                              The breathtaking gardens on display included the
                                                         take a strategic approach that, on the one hand, investigates                                                                                              Pascoe’s at Cranbrook which is a majestic Australian
Professor Elizabeth Blackburn talks with students from
Wenona School.                                           promising leads in the hope of making immediate improvements in                                                                                            country garden. The ‘disappearing spaces’ at the
                                                         diagnosis and treatment while, on the other, tries to understand the                                                                                       Sheridan’s garden at Tralee were a hit. The Hyland’s at
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Karingle impressed with their spectacular roses, and The
                                                         fundamentals of the processes involved, giving insights and clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Coddington’s at Eulandool have brought the original
                                                         for the future.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1920’s garden back to life.
                                                         I hope that you will join us by supporting both targeted projects and                                                                                      The committee, plus staff from Garvan’s Dubbo
                                                                                                                                  Standing L to R: Committee members Jim Pascoe, Carolyn Pascoe, Kim Job, Graeme
                                                         our efforts in the underpinning science. Sometimes progress seems        Coddington. Seated: Lesley Hyland and Sue Sheridan. With cheque: Professor John   Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES), and volunteers
                                                                                                                                  Eisman and Fay Pascoe.
                                                         frustratingly slow, but we can take heart from the extraordinary                                                                                           worked tirelessly to raise almost $30,000 for DOES.
                                                         pace of change. It is only just over 200 years since the first atomic    Of this terrific fundraising initiative, the Garvan Institute’s Professor John Eisman said, “The Toongi Country Gardens Weekend is
                                                         table, and only 70 years – one lifetime – since the development of       a wonderful way to let people see the beauty of the Toongi area, while raising much-needed funds for the vital work carried out
                                                         penicillin. All we can say about the future is that things will change   at the Garvan Institute and specifically, the internationally renowned Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. We are extremely
                                                         faster than we think, but usually not in the way that we think.          grateful to all involved for coming up with this idea, and giving so generously of their time and effort to make it a success.”
breakthrough                                                                                                                                                                                                                               August 2012 | Issue 20 5
Feature story: Understanding the most                                                                                                                              institutions looking at, not only behavioural
                                                                                                                                                                   alterations in this disease, but also trying to
                                                                                                                                                                   uncover the basic, underlying mechanisms that
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        helps us visualise where the gene is expressed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        in the brain and if it changes with different
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        factors.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               fruit fly gene with similar function. Garvan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               researchers focus their efforts on these genes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               that are shared between fruit flies and people.


complex organ in the human body – the brain
                                                                                                                                                                   cause the individual’s metabolism to change so
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Studies to date have deleted SNORD 116 in the          Using this system, researchers have identified
                                                                                                                                                                   dramatically. Understanding how the brain is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        embryo. We will delete this gene in adult mice         600 new pain genes in the fruit fly, with most
                                                                                                                                                                   altered in anorexia will be a major step toward
                                                                                                                                                                   helping people with this devastating condition.      to see if this increases the characteristics similar   of these genes having mammalian
Garvan’s Neurological Diseases Division aims to increase our understanding                                                                                         Garvan researchers are studying the significant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        to Prader-Willi. This might then give us a clearer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        understanding of the role of SNORD 116.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               counterparts. Our researchers are currently
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               prioritising and confirming these genes.
of fundamental processes in the brain and the neuronal systems involved in                                                                                         role of a specific brain peptide system in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Lastly, we want to see whether replacing the           As an example, they have already identified
                                                                                                                                                                   regulation of energy balance and weight
disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia,                                                                                         control. There is an intricate regulatory system     gene in mice, when it has been removed, then           a calcium channel sub-unit (a2δ 3) as part of
                                                                                                                                                                   that governs our appetite and energy intake.         reverses the problem. If effective, this would         the pain relay system in the brain. This work
eating disorders and hearing loss.                                                                                                                                 Certain proteins such as neuropeptide Y (NPY)        offer an exciting potential therapeutic target in      led to identification of the first ever gene
                                                                                                                                                                   enhance appetite and induce feeding, while           people with Prader-Willi syndrome.                     shown to play a role in sensory cross activation
Recently, the program has expanded its              release and control of dopamine in the brain.           At Garvan, we are taking a range of                    others, such as leptin, act as a satiety factor.                                                            or synesthesia – a condition that leads to
interests, also looking at how the brain            Once the various mechanisms are known, we               approaches to investigate Alzheimer’s disease.                                                              In summary, our studies will significantly
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               sensations of one kind being perceived as
interacts with other organs in the body and,        can develop a therapeutic approach to treat             Our scientists are researching the mechanisms          Garvan researchers are investigating the             advance our understanding of the function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               another. For example, words or numbers might
for example, how it controls bone formation,        the disease and restore movement control.               at the synapses (where one neuron makes a              functional contributions of the NPY system in        of SNORD 116, the primary gene involved in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               be perceived as colours. The number seven
as well as research into the human experience                                                               connection with another) that are important            relation to the development and manifestation        Prader-Willi. Exploring mice models of gene
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               as the colour yellow. Colours could be heard
                                                    Advances in whole genome and exome (the                                                                        of anorexia. In particular, its role in triggering   deletion and replacement will hopefully lead to
of pain. This research aims to identify new                                                                 in memory formation. We are trying to                                                                                                                              as music.
therapeutic approaches in these areas, with         genome’s exons, or the coding portion of                                                                       taste aversion, commonly seen in this disorder.      development of a potential therapeutic target
                                                                                                            understand if these mechanisms are somehow
specific interest in regenerating the nervous       genes) sequencing techniques now make it                                                                                                                            for Prader-Willi syndrome.                             In collaboration with Professor Josef
                                                                                                            involved in contributing to the neuron dying in        Furthermore, studies have also shown that a
system for therapeutic purposes. It also aims       possible to identify disease-relevant genetic                                                                                                                                                                                                      Penninger, while he
                                                                                                            Alzheimer’s disease.                                   gut-derived hormone
to achieve a better understanding of the            variants and non-coding RNAs associated                                                                                                                                                                                                            was working at the
                                                                                                                                                                   called peptide YY (PYY)
                                                    with sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease.         Recently, Garvan researchers demonstrated                                                                                                                                                  Institute of Molecular
brain’s control of body functions including                                                                                                                        which promotes satiety
the regulation of energy balance (intake and        This capability means Garvan researchers are            a significant biochemical change in a protein                                                                                                                                              Biotechnology of the
                                                                                                                                                                   in normal subjects is
expenditure), which can affect fertility, mood,     in a position to use our expertise in areas like        called CRMP2. This change appears to occur                                                                                                                                                 Austrian Academy of
                                                                                                                                                                   abnormally high in
weight gain and physical fitness.                   gene discovery; the cell biology and molecular          specifically in the brains of people with                                                                                                                                                  Sciences in Vienna,
                                                                                                                                                                   people with anorexia.
                                                    biology of Parkinson’s disease; our access to           Alzheimer’s disease, but not in other forms of                                                                                                                                             Garvan was involved
                                                                                                                                                                   Apart from inducing
In this article, we highlight Garvan’s work in      human Parkinson’s brain tissue; our cell and            dementia. It also appears to occur early in the                                                                                                                                            in screening the
                                                                                                                                                                   nausea, high PYY levels
Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, eating    animal models of Parkinson’s; and our expertise         disease process, and has the potential to be a                                                                                                                                             genome of fruit
                                                                                                                                                                   have also been found
disorders and pain research. We discuss some        in drug discovery to advance the development            biomarker for early and specific detection of                                                                                                                                              flies to investigate
                                                                                                                                                                   to be associated with
of Garvan’s recent findings in these areas, and     of new therapeutic approaches for this disease.         Alzheimer’s disease.                                                                                                                                                                       pain perception – in
                                                                                                                                                                   decreased body weight,
how these findings increase our understanding                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          particular, the insects’
                                                                                                            Although the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s              body mass index and
of the most complex organ in the human              Another exciting research project involves
                                                                                                                                                                   bone composition in                                                                                                                 response to heat
body – the brain.                                   seeing how we can harness the brain’s own               disease has similar pathology to the familial
                                                                                                                                                                   people with anorexia.                                                                                                               induced pain. They
                                                    adult stem cells which normally function                form, it is not yet clear if the causes of the
Parkinson’s disease                                                                                         disease are the same. We are particularly                                                                                                                                                  then honed in on a2δ 3,
                                                    to repair injury to the brain and make new                                                                     Garvan researchers
                                                                                                            interested in a new gene called Bin1 that is                                                                                                                                               a gene also shared
It is estimated that one in every 350 Australians   nerve cell connections, to potentially help                                                                    have shown that mice
                                                                                                            genetically associated with the predominant                                                                                                                                                with mice and people.
is living with Parkinson’s disease, and each day,   treat Parkinson’s disease, as well as other                                                                    with high levels of
                                                                                                            sporadic form of the disease. We have found                                                                                                                                                The gene seems to
30 more people are diagnosed. 1                     neurodegenerative conditions. To do this,                                                                      PYY have decreased
                                                                                                            it is controlled by an important brain enzyme                                                                                                                                              hold promise because
                                                    Garvan’s Adult Stem Cell Group studies neural                                                                  fat and bone mass,
The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease result                                                                  called GSK3. Importantly, we have shown                                                                                                                                                    it triggers the same
                                                    stem cells, isolated from the adult olfactory                                                                  suggesting that the loss
from the progressive degeneration of neurons                                                                that Bin1 is important for survival of neurons                                                                                                                                             cellular mechanisms
                                                    neuroepithelium (situated in the nose) and                                                                     of body fat and bone
in the midbrain. Neurons in this part of the                                                                in flies, suggesting that defects in GSK3-Bin1         tissue in young people                                                                                                              as some existing
                                                    grown in the laboratory in the form of olfactory                                                                                                                                                                                                   painkillers.
brain control the release of a neurotransmitter                                                             signaling could contribute to neuronal death in        with anorexia may
                                                    neurospheres. The aim is to identify, isolate
called dopamine. Dopamine stimulates motor                                                                  Alzheimer’s patients. We believe this provides         be caused by these                                                                                                                   From a medical
                                                    and propagate these cells to determine the
neurons – nerve cells that control the muscles.                                                             a novel therapeutic strategy to help protect           high circulating PYY                                                                                                                 research perspective,
                                                    conditions needed to transform them into the
When dopamine production is depleted, the                                                                   neurons from dying and slow the rate of                levels. Our aim now is                                                                                                               these findings help
                                                    different types of nerve cells found in the brain,
motor system nerves are unable to control                                                                   neurodegeneration.                                     to determine whether                                                                                                                 explain the wide
                                                    for example, those lost in Parkinson’s disease.
movement and coordination. By the time                                                                                                                             methods to block PYY
                                                                                                            2                                                                                                                                                                                           variance in how people
symptoms appear, Parkinson’s disease patients       1                                                           Alzheimer’s Australia – www.fightdementia.org.au   levels in people with
                                                        Parkinson’s Australia Inc – www.parkinsons.org.au                                                                                                                                                                                               experience pain. Not
have already lost 80 per cent or more of their                                                              Eating disorders (Anorexia nervosa and                 anorexia may have                                    Pain research
                                                    Alzheimer’s disease                                                                                                                                                                                                        only that, they indicate potential ways of
dopamine-producing cells.                                                                                   Prader-Willi syndrome)                                 beneficial effects in restoring body weight,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               treating acute and chronic pain in the future,
                                                    Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative condition                                                                body composition and food intake.                    It is thought that more than 50 per cent of
Although there are many theories about the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     by mimicking the effects of the mutated gene.
                                                                                                            Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder                                                                      the population will experience some form
cause of Parkinson’s disease, so far none           of the brain, characterised by the loss of                                                                     Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic cause of
                                                                                                            of unknown origin that most commonly                                                                        of chronic pain within their life, especially          From a neuroscience perspective, this
have been confirmed. A few cases have been          memory and cognitive function. Although                                                                        obesity, affecting children. Patients and families
                                                                                                            occurs in women and usually has its onset in                                                                patients that suffer from arthritis, cancer,           research provides the first genetic insight
shown to be inherited and have been traced          there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease yet, it                                                               are faced with the difficulties of coping with an
                                                                                                            adolescence. However, interestingly, before                                                                 diabetes, migraine, or nerve injuries. Despite the     into synesthesia, or crossing of the senses.
to mutations in four different genes, including     can be managed and the symptoms alleviated                                                                     insatiable appetite, complications of obesity
                                                                                                            puberty, one in every four people with anorexia                                                             astonishing prevalence, there are few effective        For example, the mice with the mutated
the alpha-synuclein gene that Garvan is             for a time. A person may live anywhere from                                                                    and a myriad of other health problems.
                                                                                                            is male. After puberty, one in eleven is male,                                                              therapeutic options for these patients.                gene experienced heat as other perceptions
investigating.                                      three to twenty years with Alzheimer’s disease,
                                                                                                            although it is thought this ratio is increasing.       In the last year, it has become clearer that a                                                              including vision, sound and smell. Using MRI
                                                    with the average being seven years.                                                                                                                                 One of the major goals of Garvan’s Neuro-Pain
Garvan’s researchers are taking a range of                                                                                                                         gene called SNORD 116 is primarily affected in                                                              scanning, researchers could see their brains
                                                                                                            Patients with anorexia have a disturbed                                                                     Research Group is to identify and characterise
approaches to Parkinson’s disease, particularly     In 2012, it is estimated that more than                                                                        the development of Prader-Willi. However, little                                                            lighting up in those areas.
                                                                                                  2         body image and an intense fear of weight               is known about the function of this gene and         new genes that participate in the severity of
focusing on researching the mechanisms              278,000 Australians are living with dementia.
                                                                                                            gain. Devastatingly, anorexia has a high               how it might be involved in the regulation of        chronic pain, with the aim to develop a next           Garvan is hosting a free Neuroscience Public
behind cell degeneration.                           Alzheimer’s disease is the most common
                                                                                                            mortality rate – 20 per cent eventually die as a       appetite, growth and metabolism.                     generation of therapeutics for this debilitating       Seminar on Thursday 20 September 2012.
                                                    type of dementia, and presents in two
We know that certain pesticides, toxins and                                                                 consequence of the disease, and one in five will                                                            condition.                                             Registration is essential. To secure your seat,
                                                    forms – sporadic and familial. The sporadic                                                                    Our team uses mouse models to explore which
genes (such as the alpha-synuclein gene)                                                                    attempt suicide. Currently, there is no definitive                                                                                                                 visit www.giving.garvan.org.au/seminars or
                                                    form of the disease is usually diagnosed after                                                                 areas of the brain SNORD 116 is concentrated in,     To this end, Garvan researchers have developed
cause Parkinson’s disease, but why they cause                                                               treatment for anorexia nervosa.                                                                                                                                    phone (02) 9295 8110.
                                                    the age of 65 and is by far the most common.                                                                   and for the first time, we will study how factors    a novel, systematic strategy for identifying new
the disease is not fully understood.
                                                    In the less common familial form, the disease           Not a great deal of research is dedicated to           such as feeding and weight might regulate            components of the pain pathway using the
Another aspect of Garvan’s research is              runs in families and usually affects people aged        uncovering the underlying mechanisms of                its function. We will use a special staining         fruit fly – Drosophila melanogaster. 70 per cent
investigating the mechanisms behind the             in their 40s or 50s.                                    anorexia. Garvan is one of the few research            technique called in-situ hybridisation, which        of human disease genes have an equivalent
breakthrough                                                                                                                                                                                         August 2012 | Issue 20 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Garvan’s Glittering Gala
Staff Profile: Romain Rouet                                                                                                           Ask Garvan                                                       On Saturday 12 May, Garvan hosted its second annual
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Garvan Gala, raising more than $400,000 for the John Shine
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Translational Research Fellowship Fund at Garvan.
                                                                                        we can even improve existing drugs            Q: What is ‘translational research’?
                                                                                        that are already on the market. With                                                                           Held at the Overseas Passenger Terminal, with a spectacular
                                                                                        more than 50 per cent of all new drugs        A: Translation research sees scientific discoveries              view of the harbour and the Sydney Opera House, VIP guests
                                                                                                                                      resulting from laboratory, clinical, or population studies,      included The Hon. Tanya Plibersek MP – Federal Minister for
                                                                                        being antibodies, our work has the
                                                                                                                                      transformed into clinical applications that will reduce          Health and Ageing, and The Hon. Jillian Skinner MP – NSW
                                                                                        potential to dramatically improve how                                                                          Minister for Health and NSW Minister for Medical Research.
                                                                                        we develop targeted therapies.                incidence, morbidity and mortality of disease.
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Guests were entertained throughout the evening by the MC,
                                                                                        What do you enjoy doing away from             The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, which is due to open                 Walkley Award winning journalist Annabel Crabb, while they
                                                                                        the lab?                                      in just a few weeks, will be an excellent example of             dined on an exquisite menu designed by Neil Perry. Award-
                                                                                                                                      this translational research (also known as ‘bedside to           winning soprano Greta Bradman made her way through the
                                                                                        I try to spend time exploring Sydney
                                                                                                                                      bench’) approach to cancer.                                      room, thrilling guests with her outstanding performance.
                                                                                        and the rest of Australia. It is really a
                                                                                                                                      When it is fully operational, the 250-plus researchers           Throughout the evening, guests had the chance to win a vast
                                                                                        beautiful country with many different
                                                                                                                                      and clinicians working in this purpose-built cancer              array of wonderful prizes. Many purchased a key to try and open
                                                                                        landscapes. I have visited Queensland,
                                                                                                                                                                                                       a locked box containing a Paspaley South Sea Pearl Marquise
                                                                                        Western Australia, Tasmania and now           centre will ensure that challenges faced in the clinics will
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Pendant with Tanzanite and Pave Set Diamonds in Platinum on a
                                                                                        intend to go to the Northern Territory.       drive laboratory research, and that laboratory research          Paspaley White Gold Chain, valued at $8,560. They also had the
                                                                                                                                      findings are applied quickly back into clinical care.            chance to guess the number of Lindt balls in a jar – the prize, of
 Leonard Harlan (left) and Howard Morgan                                                I also enjoy running. I try to do a few
                                                                                                                                      As well as state-of-the-art clinical and consulting rooms        course, being the jar filled with 877 Lindt balls!
 (right) present Romain Rouet (centre)                                                  races every year and this year, I hope
 with the 2011 Castle Harlan Award.
                                                                                        to help the Garvan Chang Giants win           and laboratories, the centre will provide workspaces             The exciting live auction featured fabulous prizes, including:
                                                                                        the next City2Surf team competition.          and meeting rooms so that researchers and clinicians             • The John Singleton Experience’ – helicopter flights, private
                                                                                                                                                                                                         ‘
What is the current focus of your work?     What are some of the recent findings                                                      can come together into multidisciplinary teams to                  tours, meals and a night’s accommodation at a number of Mr
                                            of your work?                               Last year, you won the Castle Harlan                                                                             Singleton’s spectacular properties;
I am a PhD student and member of the                                                                                                  exchange information and ideas about the diagnosis,
                                                                                        Award. How has this benefited you and
Antibody Engineering laboratory at the      I have been able to identify key                                                          treatment and care of cancers.                                   • Lunch with Michael Clarke’ aboard the luxury cruiser, Ghost II;
                                                                                                                                                                                                         ‘
                                                                                        your work?
Garvan Institute (under the supervision     residues within antibodies that control                                                                                                                    • Neil Perry cooking for a dinner party of ten in your home;
of Dr Daniel Christ). Antibodies are        stability and tendency to aggregate.        Thanks to the Castle Harlan Award, I
                                                                                                                                                                                                       • A Leo Robba original artwork; and
effector molecules the immune system        Moreover, together with my colleagues,      was able to attend the PEGS Protein
                                                                                                                                                                                                       •  wo return business class QANTAS tickets to either London or
                                                                                                                                                                                                         T
produces to fight bacteria and viruses.
However, in recent years they have also
                                            I have been able to develop a general
                                            strategy to overcome this problem. This
                                                                                        Engineering Summit 2012 in Boston
                                                                                        (USA) in May. This is one of the key          Life-saving diagnosis leads                                        New York, including five nights at a luxury Accor five star hotel.

                                                                                                                                      to 13-years of service
                                                                                        protein engineering conferences, with                                                                          The Silent Auction also generated excited bidding for prizes
been increasingly used as drugs by          has created a lot of excitement and has                                                                                                                    including:
changing their specificity to kill cancer   recently been published in Proceedings      talks from leaders in the field. I was able
                                                                                        to meet them, talk about their work and       In 1997, Graham Curtis was                                       • A luxury Thailand getaway;
cells and to reduce inflammation.           of the National Academy of Sciences,
                                            which is the official journal of the US     the challenges they faced.                    diagnosed with acromegaly,                                       •  pening night tickets to Madama Butterfly (Opera Australia);
                                                                                                                                                                                                         O
In the Antibody Engineering laboratory                                                                                                a debilitating disease most                                      •  pening night tickets to Signs of Life (Sydney Theatre
                                                                                                                                                                                                         O
                                            Academy of Sciences.                        In addition, I also started looking for
we have two major aims: to generate                                                                                                   commonly caused by a non-                                          Company);
new anti-cancer antibody drugs and          What is the biggest challenge in your       potential post-doctoral positions. I          cancerous tumour on the
                                                                                        will also visit industry collaborators in                                                                      •  ickets and limousine transfers to the Bledisloe Cup at ANZ
                                                                                                                                                                                                         T
to identify strategies to increase          area of research?                                                                         pituitary gland.                                                   Stadium;
their stability. I mainly work on the                                                   Cambridge (UK) in September. They
                                            The biggest challenge is really to                                                        It was while under the care                                      •  ickets and limousine transfer to see Lady Gaga at Allphones
                                                                                                                                                                                                         T
second aspect – stability. This is a                                                    have an extensive range of equipment
                                            find a general approach to target                                                         of Endocrinologist, Professor                                      Arena;
                                                                                        that is not necessarily available in an
major problem for the pharmaceutical        aggregation – a strategy that suits                                                       Ken Ho who, at the time was
                                                                                        academic environment. I plan on doing                                                                          • An experience in a QANTAS flight simulator; and
industry, which is currently unable to      most antibodies, independent of their                                                     head of Garvan’s Pituitary
                                                                                        experiments there, to supplement our                                                                           •  framed, colour print of the winner’s DNA profile, to name
                                                                                                                                                                                                         A
take many promising drugs forward           specificity. Maintaining activity – the                                                   Research Unit, that Graham
                                                                                        current work at Garvan.                                                                                          a few.
because of poor stability. The drugs        interaction with the antigen is the other                                                 first became aware of
simply “crash out” of solution and form                                                                                               Garvan’s work.
                                                                                                                                                                      Mr Graham Curtis                 Raffle prizes included trips to Hayman Island and Sheraton
                                            major hurdle. We have been able to
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Mirage on the Gold Coast; lunch at Bathers Pavilion; RM Williams
insoluble aggregates.                       show that our method is so powerful,                                                      “Professor Ho encouraged me to attend one of Garvan’s            boots; Dinosaur Designs homewares; a box of Arras Tasmanian
                                                                                                                                      free public seminars. I was very impressed. At the               sparkling wine; a year’s supply of Movenpick ice cream; a total
                                                                                                                                      end, I filled in a questionnaire and said I’d be interested      Lindt experience, and a luxury hamper from Hampers Only.
                                                                                                                                      in volunteering.” That interest resulted in 13-years of          Sincere thanks must go to all the generous sponsors and

Team Phil – Doing the hard yards for                                                                                                  dedicated service.
                                                                                                                                      “My motivation was simple. I felt that by volunteering
                                                                                                                                                                                                       supporters who donated these wonderful prizes for the event.



Pancreatic Cancer Research                                                                                                            at Garvan, I was in some way paying back Professor Ho
                                                                                                                                      and his team for saving my life. It was my way of returning
                                                                                                                                      the favour.”
In 2011, a group of runners calling themselves ‘Team Phil’ competed in the Melbourne Marathon Festival. They participated in
                                                                                                                                      It is this same motivation that has led Graham to also
memory of Philip Hemstritch, and many others who have lost their battle with pancreatic cancer. They raised an extraordinary
                                                                                                                                      become a Garvan ‘Partner for the Future’ – one of a special
$79,611.98 for Garvan’s pancreatic cancer research program, including its lead role in the Australian Pancreatic Cancer
                                                                                                                                      group of people who have left a gift to Garvan in their will.
Genome Initiative.
                                                                                                                                      “There’s not a great deal of research being done into
Team Phil’s outstanding effort has led to the establishment of The Philip Hemstritch Fellowship in Pancreatic Cancer Research.        pituitary disorders, so I would particularly like my bequest
This three-year Fellowship has recently been awarded to Garvan’s Dr Marina Pajic, a promising early career scientist.                 to assist Garvan’s efforts in this area.”
Team Phil will again be competing in the Melbourne Marathon Festival on 14 October 2012. To join Team Phil, or for more               To find out more about becoming a Garvan ‘Partner for the         L-R: Garvan Research Foundation CEO Mr Andrew Giles, Executive Director
information, email jane.hemstritch@mac.com                                                                                            Future’, contact Carol O’Carroll on 02 9295 8117, or email        of the Garvan Institute Professor John Mattick AO FAA, Garvan Gala MC Ms
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Annabel Crabb, Garvan Research Foundation Chairman Mr Geoff Dixon, and
                                                                                                                                      c.ocarroll@garvan.org.au                                          Chairman of the Garvan Institute Mr Bill Ferris AC.
Clinical Studies                                                                              In Memoriam March – June
Study on Fat Metabolism                                                                       2012. Donations have been
We are looking for healthy volunteers: men and postmenopausal women, aged
50-70 years for research into hormones and body fat. This study involves visits
                                                                                              made in memory of:
over a 14 week period to the Garvan to study the effects of three commonly used               Gordon Adamson           Wendy C Green            Katherine S
medications, oestrogen (women only), letrozole and tamoxifen on the burning of                Roger Anderson           Neil Greive              Mignot
fat in the body. We will investigate how fat is utilised at whole body and liver level.                                                         Ludek Molik
                                                                                              Secundino                Wallace Grigor
For further information please contact Dr Vita Birzniece (02) 9295 8483,
                                                                                              Arguelles                Graeme S Guy             Timothy P Morath
v.birzniece@garvan.org.au or Vanessa Travers (02) 9295 8232,
                                                                                              Maureen Aronson          Jean B Hale              Adrian Notley
v.travers@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref No 09/090).
                                                                                              Rona Barlow              Bonnie Hansen            Frank Organ
Metabolism – Genetics of Obesity Study
                                                                                              Mr Bob Bauza and         Julie Harmer             Noel Pearce
Do you think you could be overweight? Volunteers are needed to screen for a                   Dr Margaret Dunn
gene that links to obesity at the Garvan Institute. It involves only one visit during                                  Thomas H Hill            Pericles
                                                                                              Patricia Beagley
which measurements and a blood test will be taken. If you are suitable, you may                                        Stuart J Hoy             Pertsinidis
enter the second part of the study to receive a full metabolic assessment.                    Helene Bell
                                                                                                                       Beatrice Humbley         Nicholas Philip
For further enquiries, please contact Dr Daniel Chen (02) 9295 8557 or                        Edgardo Bertinat
                                                                                                                       Elizabeth Iskandar       Daphne Picton
d.chen@garvan.org.au, or Jen or Renee, (02) 9295 8215, j.evans@garvan.org.au                  Peter Boersma
(St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref HREC/10/SVH/133).                                                              Hans Janota              Leonard N Price
                                                                                              Valerie Bulluss
                                                                                                                       Gordon T Jesson          Tracey Purcell
Pre-diabetes study                                                                            Annabel Catt
                                                                                                                       Cecily Judge             Brian Quinton
We need healthy volunteers for a study looking at the effects of immune function              Antonio Colosi
and autonomic nervous activity in Type 2 diabetes. We especially need people                                           Elli Kadner              Robert J Rice
                                                                                              Kenneth
with a family history of Type 2 diabetes.                                                     Coppleman                Philip Kelly             Patricia A Ricketts
If you are willing and are aged 50 to 60 years and healthy, please contact                                             Roy Kester
                                                                                              Michael E Cordner                                 Stefan Serban
Lynne (02) 9295 8231 or Dorit (02) 9295 8309 or email crf@garvan.org.au
                                                                                              Maria Corrente           Margaret Keyvar          Noeleen Shaw
(St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref 06/147).
                                                                                              Suann Croker             Dianne Knight            Miloslava Sicha
                                                                                              Joseph Delia             Zelma Lawrence           Wendy Sinclair
Coming Up                                                                                     Malcolm J Denner         Joan Lee                 Peter Skord
                                                                                              Salvatore Di Campli      Barbara Leedham
18 August – Young Garvan All Ribbons Ball. Hilton Hotel, Sydney.                                                                                Kay M Smith
                                                                                              San Vito                 Janette Leggo
Visit www.allribbonsball.com                                                                                                                    Richard Smith
                                                                                              Lesley Dixon
20 September – Free public seminar – Alzheimer’s disease and other                                                     Tim and Andrew
                                                                                                                                                Francisco Solar
neurodegenerative disorders. 10am to 12 noon. Registration is essential.                      Sue Dowlan               Lynch
                                                                                                                       Mrs MacQueen             Louise Speiler
                                                                                              Tony Edwardson
14 November – Free public seminar – Type 2 diabetes and obesity.
                                                                                              Beryl G Forbes           Peter Male               James Van Rol
10am to 12 noon. Registration is essential.
                                                                                              Susan Gamble             George Massey            Maureen Weston
For more information about any of these events, visit www.giving.garvan.org.au
or phone (02) 9295 8110.                                                                      Douglas Giles            Philip McAlpine          Greg Wilson

                                                                                              Len Goldsboro            Chris McElhinny          John Wright


                                                                                Please use this coupon if you would like to make a donation to
 Be part of progress                                                            Garvan’s breakthrough medical research, or if you would like
                                                                                further information. We would love to hear from you.

  My Contact Details                                                            My Gift Details
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Breakthrough August 2012

  • 1. breakthrough August 2012 | Issue 20 More than 200 guests attended the glittering second annual Garvan Gala black-tie dinner. The spectacular evening raised approx. $400,000 for the John Shine Translational Research Fellowship Fund at Garvan. See page 7 for the full story. Making NEWS Losing six kilograms reduces artery stiffness by 20 per cent in obese people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes carries a six-fold greater risk of heart disease due to atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Garvan’s Associate Professor Katherine Samaras and Associate Professor Christopher Hayward from St. Vincent’s Hospital have shown that arterial stiffness is directly associated with inflammation – that is, activation of white blood cells and genes that regulate inflammation. Garvan researchers Dr Lowenna Holt, Associate Professor Greg Cooney and Professor Roger Daly have identified a gene that regulates muscle size, a finding that could help unlock therapies for Type 2 diabetes Inside this issue: and diseases such as muscular dystrophy, where From the CEO 2 muscles are weakened and damaged. While researching ways to improve the response of muscle to insulin, Opinion 2 they observed that a particular strain of genetically Garvan Australian Spectacular 3 modified mice – missing the Grb10 protein – had large muscles. Even newborn mice missing Grb10 had larger Toongi Country Gardens Weekend 3 muscles, indicating that this protein regulates muscle development before birth. Understanding the brain 4 Staff profile: Romain Rouet 6 A biological phenomenon known as ‘somatic reversion’ – when an abnormal gene spontaneously Team Phil 6 becomes normal again – explains why some patients Ask Garvan 7 with a rare immunodeficiency known as X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) live much longer Garvan Gala 7 than expected. Many XLP patients die before they reach 10 years of age, and the majority have a life Diagnosis leads to 13-years of service 7 expectancy of less than 40 years. However, Garvan researchers Dr Umaimainthan Palendira and Associate Clinical studies 8 Professor Stuart Tangye discovered that a substantial Coming up 8 percentage lived much longer than expected, even approaching the age of 50. In memoriam 8
  • 2. breakthrough August 2012 | Issue 20 3 From the Garvan Australian Spectacular CEO The past few months have been an exciting period for Garvan. As well as important breakthroughs that you can read about in this Opinion lives up to its name The inaugural Garvan Australian Spectacular was held at the beautiful Sydney Town Hall on Saturday 28 April. Comedian Paul Martell did an outstanding job as MC, issue, we have been fortunate to have had and kept the audience in stitches. Talented performers some of the world’s very best scientists and included The Sydney International Orchestra; The researchers visit the campus to share insights. Australian Army Band, Sydney; VOX – The Sydney Some of the major visitors were Professor Philharmonia Youth Choir; Jane Scali; Scott Radburn; Medical research institutes Erin James, The Macquarie Singers; Adam Scicluna, and John Stamatoyannopoulos from the University and medical scientists are Jenny Liu. Young performers Harry Ward on violin, Brian of Washington (Seattle) Genome Center and motivated by the quest to cure Kim on flute and singer Fabian Andrés gave rousing Professor Yehiel Zick and Professor Michael performances. or, preferably, prevent human Walker from the Weizmann Institute of disease. In Australia and other The audience was also privileged to hear musical Science, Israel. advanced countries, the defeat arrangements by the great Australian Maestro, Dr A particular highlight was a visit by Professor of most infectious diseases Tommy Tycho AM MBE, who attended the concert. Elizabeth Blackburn, the first Australian means that the major health From classical and contemporary music, to opera and woman to win a Nobel Prize, who gave a burden has switched to the comedy, through to the stirring patriotic finale that left lecture particularly aimed at engaging with the audience with goose bumps – the Garvan Australian more complex diseases like high school students considering a career in Spectacular really did have something for everyone. cancer, osteoporosis and science. She gave her talk, ‘From Tasmanian We would like to sincerely thank the organising committee – Dr Steve Watson, Ken Laing AM and especially Pauline Cash neurodegenerative diseases that, Schoolgirl to Nobel Laureate’, to a packed Cumming, as well as all performers, staff and volunteers who gave so generously to make this concert such a success. regrettably, increase with age. Garvan Auditorium made up of school Funds raised at the Garvan Australian Spectacular were donated to the Garvan Institute of Medical Research. students from across NSW and Garvan The fact is, we usually have to Professor John Mattick AO FAA Toongi Country Gardens researchers – all of whom left inspired. Executive Director understand a disease before we can work out how to stop it. Of course, a major ongoing highlight has been to see The Kinghorn Cancer Centre This was true in cancer where, over the past 30 years, identifying Weekend – A Blooming Success steadily rise from the ground as it approaches the genes that are mutated in cancer was the prerequisite to completion, ready for occupation by both the development of drugs to block them. The same is true of Garvan researchers and clinicians from St osteoporosis – a silent killer, as many people die within months Vincent’s. As this issue goes to print, we will to a few years of a major fracture, yet we don’t know who will die In October, a hard-working committee of locals be rapidly approaching our opening date of or why. However we do know that treatment reduces the risk of including Fay and Jim Pascoe, Bill and Lesley Hyland, 28 August 2012. fractures and of premature death. We need to find out whom we Phil and Sue Sheridan, Carolyn Pascoe, Graeme need to target. Coddington, Kim Job and Janet Watters organised a The Kinghorn Cancer Centre – like much of the fundraising weekend in the Toongi area of Dubbo. work undertaken here at Garvan – takes place The trouble is, we do not yet understand the origins of osteoporosis thanks to the generosity of the general public. or neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s The Toongi Country Gardens Weekend saw four magnificent country gardens open to the public, some disease. We also do not have a good understanding of how bone Thank you for your ongoing support. for the very first time, with stalls strongly supported by strength is regulated, nor how the brain functions. Yours sincerely, local retailers providing country morning and afternoon Garvan has major research programs in these areas, and a team teas, crafts and all things gardening, as well as talks by Andrew Giles well-known gardening experts. of extraordinarily gifted and dedicated individuals who spend Garvan Research Foundation most of their waking hours wrestling with these questions. We The breathtaking gardens on display included the take a strategic approach that, on the one hand, investigates Pascoe’s at Cranbrook which is a majestic Australian Professor Elizabeth Blackburn talks with students from Wenona School. promising leads in the hope of making immediate improvements in country garden. The ‘disappearing spaces’ at the diagnosis and treatment while, on the other, tries to understand the Sheridan’s garden at Tralee were a hit. The Hyland’s at Karingle impressed with their spectacular roses, and The fundamentals of the processes involved, giving insights and clues Coddington’s at Eulandool have brought the original for the future. 1920’s garden back to life. I hope that you will join us by supporting both targeted projects and The committee, plus staff from Garvan’s Dubbo Standing L to R: Committee members Jim Pascoe, Carolyn Pascoe, Kim Job, Graeme our efforts in the underpinning science. Sometimes progress seems Coddington. Seated: Lesley Hyland and Sue Sheridan. With cheque: Professor John Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES), and volunteers Eisman and Fay Pascoe. frustratingly slow, but we can take heart from the extraordinary worked tirelessly to raise almost $30,000 for DOES. pace of change. It is only just over 200 years since the first atomic Of this terrific fundraising initiative, the Garvan Institute’s Professor John Eisman said, “The Toongi Country Gardens Weekend is table, and only 70 years – one lifetime – since the development of a wonderful way to let people see the beauty of the Toongi area, while raising much-needed funds for the vital work carried out penicillin. All we can say about the future is that things will change at the Garvan Institute and specifically, the internationally renowned Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. We are extremely faster than we think, but usually not in the way that we think. grateful to all involved for coming up with this idea, and giving so generously of their time and effort to make it a success.”
  • 3. breakthrough August 2012 | Issue 20 5 Feature story: Understanding the most institutions looking at, not only behavioural alterations in this disease, but also trying to uncover the basic, underlying mechanisms that helps us visualise where the gene is expressed in the brain and if it changes with different factors. fruit fly gene with similar function. Garvan researchers focus their efforts on these genes that are shared between fruit flies and people. complex organ in the human body – the brain cause the individual’s metabolism to change so Studies to date have deleted SNORD 116 in the Using this system, researchers have identified dramatically. Understanding how the brain is embryo. We will delete this gene in adult mice 600 new pain genes in the fruit fly, with most altered in anorexia will be a major step toward helping people with this devastating condition. to see if this increases the characteristics similar of these genes having mammalian Garvan’s Neurological Diseases Division aims to increase our understanding Garvan researchers are studying the significant to Prader-Willi. This might then give us a clearer understanding of the role of SNORD 116. counterparts. Our researchers are currently prioritising and confirming these genes. of fundamental processes in the brain and the neuronal systems involved in role of a specific brain peptide system in the Lastly, we want to see whether replacing the As an example, they have already identified regulation of energy balance and weight disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, control. There is an intricate regulatory system gene in mice, when it has been removed, then a calcium channel sub-unit (a2δ 3) as part of that governs our appetite and energy intake. reverses the problem. If effective, this would the pain relay system in the brain. This work eating disorders and hearing loss. Certain proteins such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) offer an exciting potential therapeutic target in led to identification of the first ever gene enhance appetite and induce feeding, while people with Prader-Willi syndrome. shown to play a role in sensory cross activation Recently, the program has expanded its release and control of dopamine in the brain. At Garvan, we are taking a range of others, such as leptin, act as a satiety factor. or synesthesia – a condition that leads to interests, also looking at how the brain Once the various mechanisms are known, we approaches to investigate Alzheimer’s disease. In summary, our studies will significantly sensations of one kind being perceived as interacts with other organs in the body and, can develop a therapeutic approach to treat Our scientists are researching the mechanisms Garvan researchers are investigating the advance our understanding of the function another. For example, words or numbers might for example, how it controls bone formation, the disease and restore movement control. at the synapses (where one neuron makes a functional contributions of the NPY system in of SNORD 116, the primary gene involved in be perceived as colours. The number seven as well as research into the human experience connection with another) that are important relation to the development and manifestation Prader-Willi. Exploring mice models of gene as the colour yellow. Colours could be heard Advances in whole genome and exome (the of anorexia. In particular, its role in triggering deletion and replacement will hopefully lead to of pain. This research aims to identify new in memory formation. We are trying to as music. therapeutic approaches in these areas, with genome’s exons, or the coding portion of taste aversion, commonly seen in this disorder. development of a potential therapeutic target understand if these mechanisms are somehow specific interest in regenerating the nervous genes) sequencing techniques now make it for Prader-Willi syndrome. In collaboration with Professor Josef involved in contributing to the neuron dying in Furthermore, studies have also shown that a system for therapeutic purposes. It also aims possible to identify disease-relevant genetic Penninger, while he Alzheimer’s disease. gut-derived hormone to achieve a better understanding of the variants and non-coding RNAs associated was working at the called peptide YY (PYY) with sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease. Recently, Garvan researchers demonstrated Institute of Molecular brain’s control of body functions including which promotes satiety the regulation of energy balance (intake and This capability means Garvan researchers are a significant biochemical change in a protein Biotechnology of the in normal subjects is expenditure), which can affect fertility, mood, in a position to use our expertise in areas like called CRMP2. This change appears to occur Austrian Academy of abnormally high in weight gain and physical fitness. gene discovery; the cell biology and molecular specifically in the brains of people with Sciences in Vienna, people with anorexia. biology of Parkinson’s disease; our access to Alzheimer’s disease, but not in other forms of Garvan was involved Apart from inducing In this article, we highlight Garvan’s work in human Parkinson’s brain tissue; our cell and dementia. It also appears to occur early in the in screening the nausea, high PYY levels Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, eating animal models of Parkinson’s; and our expertise disease process, and has the potential to be a genome of fruit have also been found disorders and pain research. We discuss some in drug discovery to advance the development biomarker for early and specific detection of flies to investigate to be associated with of Garvan’s recent findings in these areas, and of new therapeutic approaches for this disease. Alzheimer’s disease. pain perception – in decreased body weight, how these findings increase our understanding particular, the insects’ Although the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s body mass index and of the most complex organ in the human Another exciting research project involves bone composition in response to heat body – the brain. seeing how we can harness the brain’s own disease has similar pathology to the familial people with anorexia. induced pain. They adult stem cells which normally function form, it is not yet clear if the causes of the Parkinson’s disease disease are the same. We are particularly then honed in on a2δ 3, to repair injury to the brain and make new Garvan researchers interested in a new gene called Bin1 that is a gene also shared It is estimated that one in every 350 Australians nerve cell connections, to potentially help have shown that mice genetically associated with the predominant with mice and people. is living with Parkinson’s disease, and each day, treat Parkinson’s disease, as well as other with high levels of sporadic form of the disease. We have found The gene seems to 30 more people are diagnosed. 1 neurodegenerative conditions. To do this, PYY have decreased it is controlled by an important brain enzyme hold promise because Garvan’s Adult Stem Cell Group studies neural fat and bone mass, The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease result called GSK3. Importantly, we have shown it triggers the same stem cells, isolated from the adult olfactory suggesting that the loss from the progressive degeneration of neurons that Bin1 is important for survival of neurons cellular mechanisms neuroepithelium (situated in the nose) and of body fat and bone in the midbrain. Neurons in this part of the in flies, suggesting that defects in GSK3-Bin1 tissue in young people as some existing grown in the laboratory in the form of olfactory painkillers. brain control the release of a neurotransmitter signaling could contribute to neuronal death in with anorexia may neurospheres. The aim is to identify, isolate called dopamine. Dopamine stimulates motor Alzheimer’s patients. We believe this provides be caused by these From a medical and propagate these cells to determine the neurons – nerve cells that control the muscles. a novel therapeutic strategy to help protect high circulating PYY research perspective, conditions needed to transform them into the When dopamine production is depleted, the neurons from dying and slow the rate of levels. Our aim now is these findings help different types of nerve cells found in the brain, motor system nerves are unable to control neurodegeneration. to determine whether explain the wide for example, those lost in Parkinson’s disease. movement and coordination. By the time methods to block PYY 2 variance in how people symptoms appear, Parkinson’s disease patients 1 Alzheimer’s Australia – www.fightdementia.org.au levels in people with Parkinson’s Australia Inc – www.parkinsons.org.au experience pain. Not have already lost 80 per cent or more of their Eating disorders (Anorexia nervosa and anorexia may have Pain research Alzheimer’s disease only that, they indicate potential ways of dopamine-producing cells. Prader-Willi syndrome) beneficial effects in restoring body weight, treating acute and chronic pain in the future, Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative condition body composition and food intake. It is thought that more than 50 per cent of Although there are many theories about the by mimicking the effects of the mutated gene. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder the population will experience some form cause of Parkinson’s disease, so far none of the brain, characterised by the loss of Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic cause of of unknown origin that most commonly of chronic pain within their life, especially From a neuroscience perspective, this have been confirmed. A few cases have been memory and cognitive function. Although obesity, affecting children. Patients and families occurs in women and usually has its onset in patients that suffer from arthritis, cancer, research provides the first genetic insight shown to be inherited and have been traced there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease yet, it are faced with the difficulties of coping with an adolescence. However, interestingly, before diabetes, migraine, or nerve injuries. Despite the into synesthesia, or crossing of the senses. to mutations in four different genes, including can be managed and the symptoms alleviated insatiable appetite, complications of obesity puberty, one in every four people with anorexia astonishing prevalence, there are few effective For example, the mice with the mutated the alpha-synuclein gene that Garvan is for a time. A person may live anywhere from and a myriad of other health problems. is male. After puberty, one in eleven is male, therapeutic options for these patients. gene experienced heat as other perceptions investigating. three to twenty years with Alzheimer’s disease, although it is thought this ratio is increasing. In the last year, it has become clearer that a including vision, sound and smell. Using MRI with the average being seven years. One of the major goals of Garvan’s Neuro-Pain Garvan’s researchers are taking a range of gene called SNORD 116 is primarily affected in scanning, researchers could see their brains Patients with anorexia have a disturbed Research Group is to identify and characterise approaches to Parkinson’s disease, particularly In 2012, it is estimated that more than the development of Prader-Willi. However, little lighting up in those areas. 2 body image and an intense fear of weight is known about the function of this gene and new genes that participate in the severity of focusing on researching the mechanisms 278,000 Australians are living with dementia. gain. Devastatingly, anorexia has a high how it might be involved in the regulation of chronic pain, with the aim to develop a next Garvan is hosting a free Neuroscience Public behind cell degeneration. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common mortality rate – 20 per cent eventually die as a appetite, growth and metabolism. generation of therapeutics for this debilitating Seminar on Thursday 20 September 2012. type of dementia, and presents in two We know that certain pesticides, toxins and consequence of the disease, and one in five will condition. Registration is essential. To secure your seat, forms – sporadic and familial. The sporadic Our team uses mouse models to explore which genes (such as the alpha-synuclein gene) attempt suicide. Currently, there is no definitive visit www.giving.garvan.org.au/seminars or form of the disease is usually diagnosed after areas of the brain SNORD 116 is concentrated in, To this end, Garvan researchers have developed cause Parkinson’s disease, but why they cause treatment for anorexia nervosa. phone (02) 9295 8110. the age of 65 and is by far the most common. and for the first time, we will study how factors a novel, systematic strategy for identifying new the disease is not fully understood. In the less common familial form, the disease Not a great deal of research is dedicated to such as feeding and weight might regulate components of the pain pathway using the Another aspect of Garvan’s research is runs in families and usually affects people aged uncovering the underlying mechanisms of its function. We will use a special staining fruit fly – Drosophila melanogaster. 70 per cent investigating the mechanisms behind the in their 40s or 50s. anorexia. Garvan is one of the few research technique called in-situ hybridisation, which of human disease genes have an equivalent
  • 4. breakthrough August 2012 | Issue 20 7 Garvan’s Glittering Gala Staff Profile: Romain Rouet Ask Garvan On Saturday 12 May, Garvan hosted its second annual Garvan Gala, raising more than $400,000 for the John Shine Translational Research Fellowship Fund at Garvan. we can even improve existing drugs Q: What is ‘translational research’? that are already on the market. With Held at the Overseas Passenger Terminal, with a spectacular more than 50 per cent of all new drugs A: Translation research sees scientific discoveries view of the harbour and the Sydney Opera House, VIP guests resulting from laboratory, clinical, or population studies, included The Hon. Tanya Plibersek MP – Federal Minister for being antibodies, our work has the transformed into clinical applications that will reduce Health and Ageing, and The Hon. Jillian Skinner MP – NSW potential to dramatically improve how Minister for Health and NSW Minister for Medical Research. we develop targeted therapies. incidence, morbidity and mortality of disease. Guests were entertained throughout the evening by the MC, What do you enjoy doing away from The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, which is due to open Walkley Award winning journalist Annabel Crabb, while they the lab? in just a few weeks, will be an excellent example of dined on an exquisite menu designed by Neil Perry. Award- this translational research (also known as ‘bedside to winning soprano Greta Bradman made her way through the I try to spend time exploring Sydney bench’) approach to cancer. room, thrilling guests with her outstanding performance. and the rest of Australia. It is really a When it is fully operational, the 250-plus researchers Throughout the evening, guests had the chance to win a vast beautiful country with many different and clinicians working in this purpose-built cancer array of wonderful prizes. Many purchased a key to try and open landscapes. I have visited Queensland, a locked box containing a Paspaley South Sea Pearl Marquise Western Australia, Tasmania and now centre will ensure that challenges faced in the clinics will Pendant with Tanzanite and Pave Set Diamonds in Platinum on a intend to go to the Northern Territory. drive laboratory research, and that laboratory research Paspaley White Gold Chain, valued at $8,560. They also had the findings are applied quickly back into clinical care. chance to guess the number of Lindt balls in a jar – the prize, of Leonard Harlan (left) and Howard Morgan I also enjoy running. I try to do a few As well as state-of-the-art clinical and consulting rooms course, being the jar filled with 877 Lindt balls! (right) present Romain Rouet (centre) races every year and this year, I hope with the 2011 Castle Harlan Award. to help the Garvan Chang Giants win and laboratories, the centre will provide workspaces The exciting live auction featured fabulous prizes, including: the next City2Surf team competition. and meeting rooms so that researchers and clinicians • The John Singleton Experience’ – helicopter flights, private ‘ What is the current focus of your work? What are some of the recent findings can come together into multidisciplinary teams to tours, meals and a night’s accommodation at a number of Mr of your work? Last year, you won the Castle Harlan Singleton’s spectacular properties; I am a PhD student and member of the exchange information and ideas about the diagnosis, Award. How has this benefited you and Antibody Engineering laboratory at the I have been able to identify key treatment and care of cancers. • Lunch with Michael Clarke’ aboard the luxury cruiser, Ghost II; ‘ your work? Garvan Institute (under the supervision residues within antibodies that control • Neil Perry cooking for a dinner party of ten in your home; of Dr Daniel Christ). Antibodies are stability and tendency to aggregate. Thanks to the Castle Harlan Award, I • A Leo Robba original artwork; and effector molecules the immune system Moreover, together with my colleagues, was able to attend the PEGS Protein • wo return business class QANTAS tickets to either London or T produces to fight bacteria and viruses. However, in recent years they have also I have been able to develop a general strategy to overcome this problem. This Engineering Summit 2012 in Boston (USA) in May. This is one of the key Life-saving diagnosis leads New York, including five nights at a luxury Accor five star hotel. to 13-years of service protein engineering conferences, with The Silent Auction also generated excited bidding for prizes been increasingly used as drugs by has created a lot of excitement and has including: changing their specificity to kill cancer recently been published in Proceedings talks from leaders in the field. I was able to meet them, talk about their work and In 1997, Graham Curtis was • A luxury Thailand getaway; cells and to reduce inflammation. of the National Academy of Sciences, which is the official journal of the US the challenges they faced. diagnosed with acromegaly, • pening night tickets to Madama Butterfly (Opera Australia); O In the Antibody Engineering laboratory a debilitating disease most • pening night tickets to Signs of Life (Sydney Theatre O Academy of Sciences. In addition, I also started looking for we have two major aims: to generate commonly caused by a non- Company); new anti-cancer antibody drugs and What is the biggest challenge in your potential post-doctoral positions. I cancerous tumour on the will also visit industry collaborators in • ickets and limousine transfers to the Bledisloe Cup at ANZ T to identify strategies to increase area of research? pituitary gland. Stadium; their stability. I mainly work on the Cambridge (UK) in September. They The biggest challenge is really to It was while under the care • ickets and limousine transfer to see Lady Gaga at Allphones T second aspect – stability. This is a have an extensive range of equipment find a general approach to target of Endocrinologist, Professor Arena; that is not necessarily available in an major problem for the pharmaceutical aggregation – a strategy that suits Ken Ho who, at the time was academic environment. I plan on doing • An experience in a QANTAS flight simulator; and industry, which is currently unable to most antibodies, independent of their head of Garvan’s Pituitary experiments there, to supplement our • framed, colour print of the winner’s DNA profile, to name A take many promising drugs forward specificity. Maintaining activity – the Research Unit, that Graham current work at Garvan. a few. because of poor stability. The drugs interaction with the antigen is the other first became aware of simply “crash out” of solution and form Garvan’s work. Mr Graham Curtis Raffle prizes included trips to Hayman Island and Sheraton major hurdle. We have been able to Mirage on the Gold Coast; lunch at Bathers Pavilion; RM Williams insoluble aggregates. show that our method is so powerful, “Professor Ho encouraged me to attend one of Garvan’s boots; Dinosaur Designs homewares; a box of Arras Tasmanian free public seminars. I was very impressed. At the sparkling wine; a year’s supply of Movenpick ice cream; a total end, I filled in a questionnaire and said I’d be interested Lindt experience, and a luxury hamper from Hampers Only. in volunteering.” That interest resulted in 13-years of Sincere thanks must go to all the generous sponsors and Team Phil – Doing the hard yards for dedicated service. “My motivation was simple. I felt that by volunteering supporters who donated these wonderful prizes for the event. Pancreatic Cancer Research at Garvan, I was in some way paying back Professor Ho and his team for saving my life. It was my way of returning the favour.” In 2011, a group of runners calling themselves ‘Team Phil’ competed in the Melbourne Marathon Festival. They participated in It is this same motivation that has led Graham to also memory of Philip Hemstritch, and many others who have lost their battle with pancreatic cancer. They raised an extraordinary become a Garvan ‘Partner for the Future’ – one of a special $79,611.98 for Garvan’s pancreatic cancer research program, including its lead role in the Australian Pancreatic Cancer group of people who have left a gift to Garvan in their will. Genome Initiative. “There’s not a great deal of research being done into Team Phil’s outstanding effort has led to the establishment of The Philip Hemstritch Fellowship in Pancreatic Cancer Research. pituitary disorders, so I would particularly like my bequest This three-year Fellowship has recently been awarded to Garvan’s Dr Marina Pajic, a promising early career scientist. to assist Garvan’s efforts in this area.” Team Phil will again be competing in the Melbourne Marathon Festival on 14 October 2012. To join Team Phil, or for more To find out more about becoming a Garvan ‘Partner for the L-R: Garvan Research Foundation CEO Mr Andrew Giles, Executive Director information, email jane.hemstritch@mac.com Future’, contact Carol O’Carroll on 02 9295 8117, or email of the Garvan Institute Professor John Mattick AO FAA, Garvan Gala MC Ms Annabel Crabb, Garvan Research Foundation Chairman Mr Geoff Dixon, and c.ocarroll@garvan.org.au Chairman of the Garvan Institute Mr Bill Ferris AC.
  • 5. Clinical Studies In Memoriam March – June Study on Fat Metabolism 2012. Donations have been We are looking for healthy volunteers: men and postmenopausal women, aged 50-70 years for research into hormones and body fat. This study involves visits made in memory of: over a 14 week period to the Garvan to study the effects of three commonly used Gordon Adamson Wendy C Green Katherine S medications, oestrogen (women only), letrozole and tamoxifen on the burning of Roger Anderson Neil Greive Mignot fat in the body. We will investigate how fat is utilised at whole body and liver level. Ludek Molik Secundino Wallace Grigor For further information please contact Dr Vita Birzniece (02) 9295 8483, Arguelles Graeme S Guy Timothy P Morath v.birzniece@garvan.org.au or Vanessa Travers (02) 9295 8232, Maureen Aronson Jean B Hale Adrian Notley v.travers@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref No 09/090). Rona Barlow Bonnie Hansen Frank Organ Metabolism – Genetics of Obesity Study Mr Bob Bauza and Julie Harmer Noel Pearce Do you think you could be overweight? Volunteers are needed to screen for a Dr Margaret Dunn gene that links to obesity at the Garvan Institute. It involves only one visit during Thomas H Hill Pericles Patricia Beagley which measurements and a blood test will be taken. If you are suitable, you may Stuart J Hoy Pertsinidis enter the second part of the study to receive a full metabolic assessment. Helene Bell Beatrice Humbley Nicholas Philip For further enquiries, please contact Dr Daniel Chen (02) 9295 8557 or Edgardo Bertinat Elizabeth Iskandar Daphne Picton d.chen@garvan.org.au, or Jen or Renee, (02) 9295 8215, j.evans@garvan.org.au Peter Boersma (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref HREC/10/SVH/133). Hans Janota Leonard N Price Valerie Bulluss Gordon T Jesson Tracey Purcell Pre-diabetes study Annabel Catt Cecily Judge Brian Quinton We need healthy volunteers for a study looking at the effects of immune function Antonio Colosi and autonomic nervous activity in Type 2 diabetes. We especially need people Elli Kadner Robert J Rice Kenneth with a family history of Type 2 diabetes. Coppleman Philip Kelly Patricia A Ricketts If you are willing and are aged 50 to 60 years and healthy, please contact Roy Kester Michael E Cordner Stefan Serban Lynne (02) 9295 8231 or Dorit (02) 9295 8309 or email crf@garvan.org.au Maria Corrente Margaret Keyvar Noeleen Shaw (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref 06/147). Suann Croker Dianne Knight Miloslava Sicha Joseph Delia Zelma Lawrence Wendy Sinclair Coming Up Malcolm J Denner Joan Lee Peter Skord Salvatore Di Campli Barbara Leedham 18 August – Young Garvan All Ribbons Ball. Hilton Hotel, Sydney. Kay M Smith San Vito Janette Leggo Visit www.allribbonsball.com Richard Smith Lesley Dixon 20 September – Free public seminar – Alzheimer’s disease and other Tim and Andrew Francisco Solar neurodegenerative disorders. 10am to 12 noon. Registration is essential. Sue Dowlan Lynch Mrs MacQueen Louise Speiler Tony Edwardson 14 November – Free public seminar – Type 2 diabetes and obesity. Beryl G Forbes Peter Male James Van Rol 10am to 12 noon. Registration is essential. Susan Gamble George Massey Maureen Weston For more information about any of these events, visit www.giving.garvan.org.au or phone (02) 9295 8110. Douglas Giles Philip McAlpine Greg Wilson Len Goldsboro Chris McElhinny John Wright Please use this coupon if you would like to make a donation to Be part of progress Garvan’s breakthrough medical research, or if you would like further information. We would love to hear from you. My Contact Details My Gift Details Title First Name Yes! I want to help Garvan make progress with a gift of Surname $50 $100 $250 $500 $1000 Gift of choice $ Address M y cheque/money order made payable to Garvan Research Foundation is enclosed Suburb State Postcode OR Please deduct the above amount once monthly annually Daytime Phone from my Visa MasterCard Amex Diners Email Card Number Garvan Supporter Number (if known) / Expiry Date 2012BT02 Please Send Me Further Information About: Cardholder’s Name Giving to Garvan in my will (strictly confidential) Signature Volunteering with Garvan Donations of $2 and above are tax deductible. Giving regularly to Garvan through my bank account Please complete this coupon and mail it to: Please Change My Communications: Garvan Research Foundation Reply Paid 68593, Darlinghurst NSW 2010 I no longer wish to receive this breakthrough newsletter Call: 1300 73 66 77 (9am to 5pm) I only wish to receive breakthrough by email Fax: (02) 9295 8507 I only wish to receive appeal mailings in May/June (you can use this coupon) I do not wish to receive any appeal mailings Online: www.giving.garvan.org.au