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breakthrough                                                                                 April 2012 | Issue 19




PhD student Brian Gloss and Garvan researchers
have identified biochemical changes that commonly
occur in the DNA of women with ovarian cancer.




Making NEWS
Garvan scientists have identified biochemical changes
that commonly occur in the DNA of women with ovarian
cancer, which may help diagnose the cancer at an earlier
stage in the future. Using whole genome DNA profiling
methods, Garvan scientists have identified a panel of six
genes that are affected by an epigenetic process known
as ‘DNA methylation’ in ovarian cancer. The Garvan team
collaborated with Professor Neville Hacker, Director,
Gynaecological Cancer Unit, Royal Hospital for Women,
Randwick, who provided tumour samples from ovarian
cancer patients, as well as samples from normal ovaries.

Obesity, especially central obesity, is associated with insulin
resistance which precedes diabetes, sometimes by more
                                                                  Inside this issue:
than a decade. However, it’s not only a question of body
weight or fat distribution because some obese people              From the CEO 	                                         2
remain insulin-sensitive, with insulin working as well in their   Opinion	                                               2
bodies as in someone lean. Garvan researchers reviewed
                                                                  Delta makes her mark		                                 3
79 publications on this topic and say it also seems that
in addition to having a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes than        Garvan Australian Spectacular	                         3
insulin-resistant people of the same weight, individuals who
                                                                  Tour de Cure	                                          3
are obese and insulin-sensitive also appear to have greater
protection against death from cardiovascular disease.             New Petre Foundation Chair of Prostate Cancer Research	 4
                                                                  Harnessing the power of the immune system	             4
Anti-psychotic drugs for treating serious mental illness,
such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia are effective and       Staff profile: Professor Peter Croucher	               6
often life-saving, but come with unwelcome side-effects.          Young Garvan All Ribbons Ball		                        6
They dramatically increase weight as well as the incidence
of metabolic disorders such as raised blood fats and              Ask Garvan	                                            7
Type 2 diabetes, say Garvan specialists. The rapid decline        Sue Thorley’s 50th birthday	                           7
in physical health is so clinically significant, and of such
concern, that the specialists put together a physical health      City2Surf	                                             7
protection algorithm last year, which they say should run         Clinical studies	                                      8
in tandem with mental health treatment. It includes regular
and specified measurement of tangibles – weight, waistline        Coming up	                                             8
and blood chemistry – as well as counselling about lifestyle      In memoriam	                                           8
and diet.
breakthrough                                                                                                                                                                                                 April 2012 | Issue 19 3

From the                                                                                                                             Be part of our first ever
                                                                                                                                     Garvan Australian
CEO
Welcome to the first issue of breakthrough for
the year.
Earlier in the year, there was a lot of media
                                                        Opinion                                                                      Spectacular!
                                                                                                                                     Stars of opera, musical theatre, jazz and country will join forces at the
                                                                                                                                     Sydney Town Hall on Saturday 28th April 2012 for our inaugural Garvan
                                                                                                                                     Australian Spectacular.

attention around not-for-profit organisations                                                                                        Featuring the Sydney International Orchestra, the Australian Army Band and
and how they fundraise. I’d like to take this                                                                                        VOX - the Sydney Philharmonia’s Youth Choir, this family concert will include
opportunity to address this in terms of Garvan                                                                                       a variety of musical genres along with a tribute to the Anzac spirit and
and its work.                                                                             There have been three                      Australian talent.
                                                                                          transformational advances in
The issue related to expenses incurred by some                                                                                       Importantly, it will also help raise vital funds for cancer research at the Garvan.
                                                                                          molecular biology: the double helix,
charities in administration and fundraising                                                                                          The Garvan Australian Spectacular is the brain child of Pauline Cash Cumming,
                                                                                          gene cloning, and genomics.
costs. While the old adage, ‘you have to spend
                                                                                                                                     a retired physiotherapist and now children’s book author. The loss of two of
money to make money’ is widely accepted in                                                The first, in the 1950s and 60s,
                                                                                                                                     her children to cancer was the impetus for her interest in cancer research.
the corporate community, it does also apply to                                            provided the basis for understanding
not-for-profit organisations. The question raised                                         gene structure, gene expression            “As a chorister I have often sung in concerts in the Sydney Town Hall,” said
in the media earlier this year was, ‘how much is                                          and gene regulation – the first steps      Pauline. “I thought it would be a beautiful venue to raise funds that will help
too much?’                                                                                toward deciphering how our genetic         put more cancer researchers into Garvan’s laboratories, and find ways to
                                                                                          inheritance programs our biology.          control, and ultimately cure cancer.
I am very proud of the fact that the Garvan
                                                                                          The paradigm that emerged – the                                                                                                  Delta Goodrem cemented her support for the
Research Foundation has one of the lowest                                                                                            “Everyone has been impacted by a diagnosis of cancer in some way.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Kinghorn Cancer Centre
administration and fundraising costs of any                                               so-called ‘central dogma’ – was            This is why I think it needs to be an absolute priority for medical research.”
charity that I have ever worked for. In fact,                                             that each stretch of DNA (a gene)
for around nine cents in the dollar, not only                                             specified a protein through the            Ms Cash Cumming is also supporting Garvan by donating proceeds from
                                                                                                                                     her children’s books for three to five year olds, Skinky Poo – The Tale of a Skink
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Delta makes her
do we run all of our fundraising activities,
but we also run our large public engagement            Professor John Mattick AO FAA
                                                             Executive Director
                                                                                          intermediate of RNA, which was
                                                                                          copied when needed and decoded.
                                                                                                                                     and How the Gecko Got His Knob Tail to Garvan’s cancer research program.              mark at the Kinghorn
                                                                                                                                     Both books will be available for purchase at the Garvan Australian Spectacular.
program including six free public seminars
a year, monthly tours and our community
                                                    The second, beginning in the 1970s, gave medical scientists the first
                                                                                                                                                                               Event organiser and musical director
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Cancer Centre
                                                    chance to ‘look under the hood’. The ability to isolate and amplify
speaking program.                                                                                                                                                              Dr Steve Watson added, “The Garvan          Delta Goodrem, along with the nation’s media,
                                                    individual DNA sequences led to the discovery of many genes involved
For donors it means that, for every $100 we                                                                                                                                    Australian Spectacular is guaranteed        donned a hard-hat and toured The Kinghorn
                                                    in human development, human physiology and brain function, whose
receive, at least $91 goes directly to funding                                                                                                                                 to be a uniquely Australian event.          Cancer Centre, of which she is a patron, to
                                                    protein products were invisible to the relatively crude biochemical
Garvan’s world-class medical research. The                                                                                                                                     Bring along your Australian flag for        review construction developments and to
                                                    approaches of the time. It also enabled the identification of those that
remaining monies are put to use helping us                                                                                                                                     the rousing finale that will leave you      leave her hand prints in concrete.
                                                    malfunction in diseases, like cancer, which was the prerequisite to the
raise additional funds, allowing us to continue                                                                                                                                with goose bumps, and filled with           During the tour, Delta stated to the assembled
                                                    development of new drugs to block them. These drugs are now, 20                                                            Australian pride.”
our vital work.                                     years later (after all the required research and safety testing), being                                                                                                media, “I wanted to be the patron of this
                                                                                                                                                                               Tickets start from $40 adults, $25          centre and was honoured when asked. It’s
I believe it is important that we are as            used in the clinic to successfully treat many previously lethal cancers –
                                                                                                                                                                               children and concession holders,            something so phenomenal and evolutionary,
transparent as possible to you, our valued          with many more in development.
                                                                                                                                                                               $90 family ticket (2 adults and 2           and the fact we will have such an amazing
supporters, so please do not hesitate to contact
                                                    The third revolution, genomics, has been made possible by the                                                              children aged 12 years and under)           and incredible facility here in Sydney is so
me or my team at any stage if you have queries
                                                    incredible advances in DNA sequencing technology over the past 20                                                          (plus booking fees). Tickets can be         important to me.
about any aspect of our work here at Garvan.
                                                    years. Ten years ago the first human genome sequence cost $3 billion                                                       purchased from Ticket Direct Australia      “To have such a personal connection, and
Thank you for your ongoing support.                 dollars, and took years of work to complete. Now we can do the same                                                        (TDA). Visit www.ticketdirect.com.au        the fact that the actual centre is about
Yours sincerely,                                    thing for $3,000 in a few days, and the cost is dropping by at least half                                                  or phone 1300 79 85 50 to buy your          personalised medicine, is truly incredible.”
                                                    every year.                                                                       Ms Pauline Cash Cumming
                                                                                                                                                                               tickets today.
Andrew Giles
Garvan Research Foundation                          This is enabling us to determine the full molecular signatures of
                                                    different cancers, and the best treatment options and approaches.
                                                    Genome sequencing has already saved lives by identifying rogue
                                                    mutations that were not obvious from traditional cellular pathology.
                                                    Garvan is pioneering the introduction of this ‘next gen’ approach to
                                                                                                                                       Tour de Cure
                                                    cancer in the soon-to-be-opened Kinghorn Cancer Centre. This is a                  A huge thank you to all the riders in the 2011 Tour de Cure,
                                                    joint venture with St Vincent’s Hospital, where medical science and the            and especially to Paul Egan who championed Garvan’s
                                                    clinic will interact, side-by-side to bring the state of the art to Australia.     cause throughout this mammoth ride. Funds raised for
                                                                                                                                       Garvan during the 2011 Tour de Cure are supporting
                                                    Garvan will also bring these next gen approaches to dissecting the
                                                    other complex diseases that beset our community – diabetes, immune                 our research to find better ways to diagnose, treat, and
                                                    disorders, osteoporosis and neurological disorders. The biological and             ultimately cure prostate cancer.
                                                    medical revolution is now moving into top gear. It is clear that this will         Andrew Giles congratulates Paul Egan on his outstanding
                                                    be the last generation to die from cancer, and there is every reason to
                                                                                                                                       effort during the 2011 Tour de Cure
                                                    expect that the other diseases will succumb to human understanding.
breakthrough                                                                                                                                                                                                                    April 2012 | Issue 19 5
                                                                                Feature story: Harnessing the
                                                                                power of the immune system
                                                                                Inside our bodies, there is a powerful mechanism designed to
                                                                                defend us against millions of microscopic invaders. However,
                                                                                what happens when that defense is impeded, or worse, stops
                                                                                working altogether?
                                                                                The immune system is designed to protect our bodies         producing cells from the pancreas known as
                                                                                against dangerous attacks. These can come from              ‘Islets of Langerhans’. Each pancreas has around
                                                                                outside the body in the form of infections, or from         a million islets, which maintain the body’s blood
                                                                                inside the body in the form of cancer. At the same          sugar levels in exquisite balance.
                                                                                time, the immune system must avoid attacking healthy
                                                                                                                                            However, transplanting islets is a process fraught
                                                                                tissue or over-reacting to minor threats like pollens
 Petre Foundation funds new                                                     and house dust mites. When the balance is upset and
                                                                                                                                            with challenges. Islets are fragile, the body
                                                                                                                                            rejects donor cells strenuously, and anti-rejection
                                                                                controls fail, the results can include diseases ranging
 Chair of Prostate Cancer Research                                              from life threatening infections and malignant tumours
                                                                                to autoimmune conditions (eg Type 1 diabetes) and
                                                                                                                                            drugs are highly toxic. Even when heavy duty
                                                                                                                                            immunosuppressive drugs are given to a patient,
                                                                                                                                            that person will still have Type 1 diabetes – the
                                                                                allergies (eg asthma).
                                                                                                                                            autoimmune disease that destroyed their insulin-
Australian philanthropist, Mr Daniel Petre has donated $2 million to            The work of Garvan’s Immunology program is divided          producing cells in the first place.
appoint a Chair of Prostate Cancer Research at the University of Sydney,        between studying how a normal immune system
who will work closely with Garvan’s prostate cancer researchers.                                                                            The new reagent, generated in-house by Garvan
                                                                                functions in a balanced way, and how it goes wrong                                                                      Organisation of immune cells within the spleen. T cells (T, red), B cells (B, green) and specialised
                                                                                                                                            scientists has the potential to turn this situation
                                                                                when disease occurs. Understanding the way the cells                                                                    marginal zone B cells (MZ, blue) congregate in distinct regions of the spleen. Upon infection, these
This is not the first time the Petre Foundation has supported medical                                                                       around. Given to diabetic mice for two weeks,
                                                                                and molecules of the immune system function is key to                                                                   cells rapidly migrate around the spleen to communicate with each other and additional populations
research in Australia. The Foundation also currently supports a Chair           both dampening the immune system or harnessing its
                                                                                                                                            starting the day before islet transplantation, the          of immune cells located in the external red pulp (RP) region. (Picture by Dr Dominique Gatto).
of Breast Cancer Research at the Garvan Institute and neuromuscular                                                                         reagent allowed mice to accept the donor cells as
                                                                                power in order to fight disease.
research at the Institute for Neuromuscular Research, Children’s                                                                            their own, with no need for immunosuppressive
Hospital at Westmead.                                                           Here we explore some of the diseases that are currently     drugs, and no Type 1 diabetes. Permanently.               In the case of lupus, the immune system               Asthma is an inflammatory condition
                                                                                being researched by the Immunology team, as well as                                                                   inadvertently produces antibodies that                that affects the bronchial tubes in the
                                                                                                                                            Sjögren’s syndrome is a disorder of the immune
Deciding to support prostate cancer research was an obvious                     some of the progress being made in this important field                                                               attack various structures in the body. It is          lungs. People with asthma have sensitive
                                                                                                                                            system, where glands that normally produce tears,
choice according to Mr Petre, who had many reasons for committing               of medical research.                                                                                                  the accumulation of these “autoantibodies”            or hyperactive airways which narrow in
                                                                                                                                            saliva and sweat are attacked and destroyed by
to this Chair.                                                                  Type 1 diabetes affects more than 140,000 children          immune cells. This results in abnormally dry eyes,        in the tissues that can cause inflammation,           response to certain stimuli. The narrowing
                                                                                and adults in Australia, making it one of the most          mouth and/or other mucous membranes such as               damage and pain. In other autoimmune                  is due to inflammation and swelling of the
“While the profile of prostate cancer has increased over recent years,
                                                                                common serious diseases among children.                     the intestines, lungs or vagina.                          diseases, particular tissues such as the              lining, tightening of the airway muscles
the funding allocated to prostate cancer research is still significantly less                                                                                                                         peripheral nerves (Guillain-Barré syndrome)           (spasm) and production of excess mucus.
than, say, breast cancer research. Yet, the incidence and mortality rates       People with Type 1 diabetes produce very little, or no      Sjögren’s syndrome may occur by itself, known             or the heart muscle (rheumatic carditis)              This reduces the airflow in and out of
are very similar.                                                               insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the body’s     as Primary Sjögren’s syndrome, or together                are attacked by “organ-specific auto-                 the lungs.
                                                                                use of glucose (sugar), which is a major fuel source for    with other autoimmune diseases like lupus and             antibodies.”
“The other similarity between breast and prostate cancer is that they are       our bodies. Insulin is only produced by specific cells in   rheumatoid arthritis. This is known as Secondary                                                                More than two million Australians have
both hormonal cancers, so there are a lot of common links between the           the pancreas called beta cells. Insulin travels through     Sjögren’s syndrome.                                       At Garvan, scientists are using sophisticated         asthma, yet the causes are still not clearly
approaches to solving these two cancers. As Garvan has both breast and          the blood and helps to get sugar from the blood into                                                                  strategies and technologies to examine                understood, but genetic and environmental
                                                                                                                                            The cause of Sjögren’s syndrome is still a mystery,
prostate cancer teams actively looking for answers, I hope this funding         cells where it can be used for energy. Without insulin,                                                               the reasons why, in the case of lupus and             factors do come into play. There is often a
                                                                                                                                            though there appears to be a genetic influence,
will help lead to more breakthroughs for both diseases, sooner.                 blood sugar levels rise to dangerously high levels that                                                               other autoimmune diseases, the immune                 family history of asthma, eczema and/or hay
                                                                                                                                            as it tends to occur in families where there are
                                                                                can cause organ damage.                                                                                               system produces antibodies that attack the            fever or other allergies. Children with one
“Thirdly, the side-effects of prostate cancer treatment, which                                                                              other autoimmune diseases.
                                                                                Type 1 diabetes occurs when the beta cells that make                                                                  body and not invading micro-organisms.                asthmatic parent are three to six times more
often involves removal of the prostate, can be severe, and include                                                                          Garvan scientists have identified a new group             An important clue that we are following up
                                                                                insulin have been destroyed by the body’s own immune                                                                                                                        likely to develop asthma.
incontinence and impotency.”                                                                                                                of immune cells that, for the first time, directly        is the fact that autoimmune diseases often
                                                                                system. Like many complex human diseases, we are not                                                                                                                        Garvan researchers are focused on
                                                                                                                                            link two autoimmune diseases, Type 1 diabetes             occur after bacterial or viral infections. It
Mr Petre added, “I hope that, through the efforts and collaborations            sure why this happens, but we know that it is caused by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            understanding the key pathways in asthma
                                                                                                                                            and Sjögren’s syndrome. The newly identified              appears that, in these cases, the immune
of Garvan, we can find a way to clearly identify tumours that can be            an interaction between genes and the environment.
                                                                                                                                            population of cells is a sub-class of ‘T helper cells’,   system’s response against the infection               and identifying unique sets of genes,
left in situ. That would be the gold medal achievement for the medium           In people with Type 1 diabetes, the immune system           white blood cells that help other immune cells                                                                  inflammatory molecules and proteins that
                                                                                                                                                                                                      has inadvertently resulted in the production
term. Beyond better diagnosis of tumours the ultimate goal is, of               treats the beta cells like it would a bacteria or virus,    perform their tasks.                                                                                            can be used to intervene in the process of
                                                                                                                                                                                                      of antibodies that attack the body’s own
course, finding a cure and one that hopefully does not require surgical         and for this reason, diabetes is called an autoimmune                                                                                                                       asthma. Garvan is also looking to develop
                                                                                                                                            Garvan researchers hope to determine whether              tissues as well as the invading organism.
intervention.”                                                                  disease.                                                                                                                                                                    new therapeutic approaches for asthma,
                                                                                                                                            these cells could become a biomarker of disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                      So far we have found that our immune                  such as monoclonal antibodies as a
Daniel’s commitment to philanthropy began when he worked at                     Garvan’s Immunology program has several teams of            as well as a therapeutic target for patients with
                                                                                                                                                                                                      system has a way of preventing the                    treatment to reduce inflammation in the
Microsoft with Bill Gates.                                                      scientists who research different aspects of Type 1         both Type 1 diabetes and Sjögren’s syndrome.
                                                                                                                                                                                                      production of these “cross-reactive”                  airways of asthma patients.
                                                                                diabetes. They focus on understanding how and why
“Bill Gates’ mother was very philanthropic, and she bestowed on him                                                                         Lupus (also known as Systemic Lupus                       autoantibodies under most conditions.
                                                                                an immune system turns on itself and destroys the                                                                                                                           Research into diagnostics is also
this theory – if you are well off or comfortable, it is your responsibility,                                                                Erythematosus – SLE) is an autoimmune disease             However, we have identified that
                                                                                insulin-producing beta cells. They are also trying to                                                                                                                       important: more effective tools to identify
                                                                                                                                            that causes various tissues in the body to become         autoimmune attacks on particular organs
not your choice, to give back to society, and I agree with that.                create new beta cells from other cell types.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            which patients will respond best to which
                                                                                                                                            chronically inflamed. It is a complex disease that        are particularly likely to occur after
“The key is to find something that you care about, and then do not              Recently, Garvan scientists developed a reagent with        can affect many parts of the body, typically the          infections. By devising a way to look directly        treatments. Garvan research will lead
delay – do something now. I often remind myself and others that, if you         the potential to prevent rejection of transplanted          skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs.      at the immune cells responsible for making            to more effective use of existing
don’t donate today, you might be delaying the cure of a debilitating            insulin-producing cells into people with Type 1             Lupus can be mild or life-threatening, depending          autoantibodies after an infection, we are             treatments and the development
                                                                                diabetes. It is one of the most promising immunology        on the area of the body that is affected.                                                                       of new and improved therapies.
illness by another day, or more children will die due to a lack of clean                                                                                                                              now positioned to look at how this process
                                                                                developments in recent years.
water because you delayed acting for another day. When you think                                                                            Lupus affects one in 700 Australians. Nine out of         is controlled and hope, in the future, to
of it that way, there’s really no argument for not doing something              The best hope for restoring insulin production is for       every ten people with lupus are women, mostly             devise ways of preventing the movement
meaningful now!”                                                                people to receive transplanted clusters of insulin-         aged between 15 and 45 years.                             of infection to autoimmune disease.
breakthrough                                                                                                                                                                                    April 2012 | Issue 19 7
Staff Profile: Professor Peter Croucher                                                                                                                                                         Celebrate a special
                                           best possible people, and create a high       that we are all likely to develop some        Ask Garvan                                               occasion with a truly
                                                                                                                                                                                                meaningful gift
                                           quality infrastructure to support the         form of musculoskeletal disease in our
                                           best possible research.                       lifetime, whether this be one of the more
                                                                                                                                       Q: Why will the new Kinghorn Cancer Centre
                                           So far, what are you enjoying the most        common diseases such as osteoporosis,
                                                                                         osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis,       include a Wellness Centre?                               On special occasions, more and more people are asking
                                           about working at Garvan?
                                                                                         or a less common disease such as the                                                                   family and friends to make a donation to a charity in lieu
                                           I like the positive attitude that everyone                                                  A: The Wellness Centre forms part of the Kinghorn
                                                                                         cancers that grow in bone.                                                                             of gifts.
                                           has at Garvan, whether it is related                                                        Cancer Centre’s integrative approach to medicine.
                                           directly to the research, or from those       Raising funds to be able to work on           The first of its type in NSW to be integrated            In September last year,
                                           that support research. I also like having     these diseases is a real challenge.                                                                    Sue Thorley celebrated
                                                                                                                                       with conventional cancer care, the purpose-built
                                           the time to be much more directly             Unfortunately we don’t have the same                                                                   her 50th birthday, and
                                                                                         high profile as other diseases, such          Wellness Centre will be a place where patients           asked guests to make
                                           involved in research. In my previous
                                                                                         as cancer or heart disease, so we are         can retreat and get help coping with their cancer        a donation to Garvan
                                           role there was increasing levels of
                                           administration which meant I had less         not at the top of people’s lists when it      diagnosis and treatment.                                 instead of buying a gift.
                                           and less time to do the research that I       comes to supporting research. However,
                                                                                                                                       With a ‘Day Spa’ feel, the Wellness Centre’s             Sue says, “I’ve been
                                           really enjoyed. I even hope to get back       the impact on people’s health is just as
                                                                                                                                       design will provide a calm, caring and soothing          blessed to have a very
                                           into the lab myself here at Garvan.           significant as some of the more high
                                                                                                                                                                                                full and rewarding ‘first
                                                                                         profile disease areas.                        environment for cancer patients to access the
Highly-respected bone researcher           So far, what are you enjoying most                                                                                                                   50 years’ and I felt
                                                                                         Recruiting good people is also a              latest information and advice and the very best
Professor Peter Croucher recently          about living in Australia?                                                                                                                           the generosity of my
joined Garvan from the University                                                        challenge. People see that working in the     in evidence-based complementary health care.             friends would be better
                                           I really like Sydney, but surprisingly, the
of Sheffield to take up the Chair so                                                     bone field is challenging, particularly in    Services offered at the Wellness Centre will help        served in supporting
                                           thing I like most so far is the climate.
generously funded by Mrs Janice                                                          getting long-term funding. Certainly in       alleviate stress, relieve symptoms and reduce            a cause close to my
                                           All the Sydney-siders I’ve met are
Gibson and Ernest Heine Family                                                           my experience in the UK, we lost a lot of     pain and anxiety as well as promoting feelings           heart, rather than
                                           complaining that this summer was the
Foundation. We are pleased to                                                            great researchers in the field because of     of well-being.                                           material gifts for me.
                                           worst they can remember, but I have to
welcome Professor Croucher as the                                                        a lack of funding. I hope we can address
                                           say, I’ve loved it. However, I suspect this                                                                                                          “My mum, Judy                Sue Thorley and her husband, Gerry
leader of Garvan’s Osteoporosis                                                          this challenge at Garvan.                     Relieving the physical and emotional side-effects
                                           probably says more about UK weather                                                                                                                  Hellicar, suffered from      at Sue’s 50th birthday celebration
and Bone Biology program, a role           than it does about Australia! I have          What do you enjoy doing away from             of cancer treatment is important in encouraging          Parkinson’s for nearly
previously held by Professor John          also really enjoyed travelling around         the lab?                                      the completion of a treatment regimen. For               two decades and she passed away in 2006. She also
Eisman who stepped down as program         Australia, particularly western NSW and       I spend much of my spare time with my         example, it is estimated that more than 30 percent       supported Garvan, and followed research developments
leader in late 2011.                       Kakadu National Park.                         children because they are still young.                                                                 closely. I feel anything I can do to help support Garvan in
                                                                                                                                       of chemotherapy patients prematurely cease
We recently sat down with Professor        What is the biggest challenge facing          Outside of that, I do as much running as      treatment because of emotional difficulties.             finding a cure for this insidious disease is so worthy.“
Croucher to discuss his new role.          your area of research?                        I can, particularly trail running and, when
                                                                                                                                                                                                Thanks to some stealth-like planning by Sue’s husband
                                                                                         possible, I also enjoy cycling.               At the Wellness Centre, evidence-based and
What does your role as Director of         Raising awareness about the importance                                                                                                               Gerry and their children Anna and Max, Sue’s 50th
Garvan’s Bone Program involve?                                                           Professor Croucher will host Garvan’s         non-invasive complementary therapies will be             birthday party was a wonderful surprise. “It was the most
                                           of musculoskeletal diseases is a real
                                           challenge. Most people see the skeleton       free Osteoporosis and Bone Public             offered as an adjunct to conventional medicine in        special birthday celebration I’ve ever had, with friends and
As the Program Director, my overall role
is to develop a world-class research       as a dead tissue – a structure that just      Seminar on Thursday 9 August 2012.            a patient-centred and holistic care program. This        family travelling from all parts of Australia to be with me
program with the aim of having a           holds you up. They don’t realise it’s a       To register for this event, visit             will allow open communication between all care           on the night. Wonderful memories I’ll cherish forever.
significant impact on the most common      tissue that is constantly changing – the      www.giving.garvan.org.au/seminars or          providers and the patient, while promoting patient       “In fact, my birthday celebrations seemed to go on for the
diseases of the skeleton. To do that, I    skeleton you wake up with is not the one      phone (02) 9295 8110.
                                                                                                                                       choice and quality of life. Importantly, researchers     entire month – we decided to rename September 2011 to
will be looking to recruit more of the     you go to bed with. Most are unaware                                                        will be able to evaluate various therapies for           Sue-tember!”
                                                                                                                                       efficacy, so that we build our knowledge of what         Creating a personal, online fundraising page through the
                                                                                                                                       really works for individuals.                            Garvan website is a great way to tell people about your

Young Garvan                                                                        2011 Young
                                                                                    Garvan Fellow,
                                                                                                                                                                                                request for donations. Sue says, “I uploaded photos of
                                                                                                                                                                                                my mum and myself and family over the past 50 years.
                                                                                                                                                                                                It was a great way for my friends to ‘connect’ and leave


All Ribbons Ball
                                                                                    Dr Ebru Boslem                                                                                              a personal message. Plus it was seamless in terms of



                                                                                                                                       City2Surf
                                                                                                                                                                                                collecting the donations.”
                                                                                                                                                                                                Sue is delighted with the result of her birthday donations,
Young Garvan is hosting the third All Ribbons Ball on Saturday 18                                                                                                                               having raised $1,685 to support Garvan’s research.
August at the Sydney Hilton Hotel. The black-tie dinner for 450                                                                                                                                 “It was a wonderful and practical way for my friends and
guests raises funds for the Young Garvan Postdoctoral Fellowship,                                                                      It’s time to start training! Elite athletes will once    family to celebrate my birthday. With the funds I was
supporting a young scientist working on a major research project                                                                       again be rubbing shoulders with locals to run, walk      able to raise, not only does it help Garvan in a monetary
at Garvan.                                                                                                                             or watch the iconic City2Surf race. Starting at Hyde     sense, but helps raise the profile and recognition of the
                                                                                                                                       Park in Sydney’s CBD and finishing at Bondi Beach,       invaluable work and research that the Institute undertakes,
The Fellowship (valued at $50,000) has been awarded five times                                                                                                                                  and hopefully might encourage others to do the same for
                                                                                                                                       the City2Surf also offers participants the opportunity
since its inception in 2003. Dr Ebru Boslem, the 2011 Young Garvan                                                                                                                              special celebratory events.”
                                                                                                                                       to raise funds for a charity.
Fellow, has used the award to further her research into Type 2                                                                                                                                  If you have an upcoming celebration, and would like to
diabetes as part of Garvan’s Diabetes and Obesity program.                                                                             Entries will open in late May. For more information      ask friends and family to donate to Garvan instead of gifts,
                                                                                                                                       about registering for the City2Surf, and selecting the   visit www.giving.garvan.org.au or phone (02) 9295 8110.
Tickets for the 2012 All Ribbons Ball go on sale in May. For further
                                                                                                                                       Garvan Institute of Medical Research as your charity     With enough notice, Garvan can also provide you with
information, contact Kylie Sherwood-Kelly at the Garvan Research                                                                                                                                donation envelopes, personalised for you and your
                                                                                                                                       of choice, visit www.city2surf.com.au
Foundation on 02 9295 8108 or visit the event website,                                                                                                                                          special occasion.
www.allribbonsball.com
Clinical Studies                                                                                 In Memoriam November 2011 –
Study on Fat Metabolism                                                                          February 2012. Donations have
We are looking for healthy volunteers: men and postmenopausal women, aged 50-
70 years for research into hormones and body fat. This study involves visits over a 14           been made in memory of:
week period to the Garvan to study the effects of three commonly used medications,
oestrogen (women only), letrozole and tamoxifen on the burning of fat in the body. We            Wendy Allen                      Philip McAlpine
will investigate how fat is utilised at whole body and liver level.                              Secundino Arguelles              Joyce I Mealing
For further information please contact: Dr Vita Birzniece (02) 9295 8483, or email
                                                                                                 Jill Askew                       James Mellor
v.birzniece@garvan.org.au or Vanessa Travers (02) 9295 8232, or email
v.travers@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref No 09/090).                      Hans Bakker                      Zivorad Mihajlovic
                                                                                                 John R Barbour                   Ron Miller
Diabetes Study
Are you interested in improving the control of your diabetes? We are studying the effect         Karen Beaumont McCormack         Terry Moran
of the amino acid glutamine on glucose control in Type 2 diabetes. We are looking for            Helen Beh                        Michael Morling
people with Type 2 diabetes for less than five years, males and females ages 40-75 years,
                                                                                                 Peter Boersma                    Arthur Nezis
only on Metformin (ie not taking insulin or other diabetes medications).
For more information contact: Renee Richens on (02) 9295 8215, or email                          Doran Catt                       Rebecca J Nicholas
r.richens@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref H07/059 version 1).              Rex Child                        Adrian Notley
Metabolism – Genetics of Obesity Study                                                           Dean Cooper                      David Owen
Do you think you could be overweight? Volunteers are needed to screen for a gene                 Ronald A Cumming                 Noel Pearce
that links to obesity at the Garvan Institute. It involves only one visit during which           Matthew Darrington               Robyn Joy Price
measurements and a blood test will be taken. If you are suitable, you may enter the
second part of the study to receive a full metabolic assessment.                                 Malcolm J Denner                 Adam Rankine-Wilson
For further enquiries, please contact: Dr Daniel Chen (02) 9295 8557, or email                   Harvey R Dopp                    Robert J Rice
d.chen@garvan.org.au or Vanessa Travers (02) 9295 8232, or email                                 Sue Dowlan                       Patricia A Ricketts
v.travers@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref HREC/10/SVH/133).
                                                                                                 Dianne Endycott                  Ena Schofield
Pre-diabetes study                                                                               John S Falla                     Leslie Semken
We need healthy volunteers for a study looking at the effects of immune function and
                                                                                                 John Gates                       Noeleen Shaw
autonomic nervous activity in Type 2 diabetes. We especially need people with a family
history of Type 2 diabetes. If you are willing and are aged 50 to 60 years and healthy,          Christine Gibson (Weir)          Vasiliki Simos
please contact: Lynne (02) 9295 8231, or Dorit (02) 9295 8309, or email                          Robert Gowing                    Kay M Smith
crf@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref 06/147).
                                                                                                 William Hall                     Richard Smith
                                                                                                 Thomas H Hill                    Vincas Surka
Coming Up                                                                                        John Hodgen                      Klara Torheiden
                                                                                                 Elizabeth Kane                   Domenico Tranchini
24 May – Ovarian Cancer Public Seminar. 10am to 12 noon.
                                                                                                 Philip Kelly                     James Van Rol
6 June – Young Garvan Forum. Topic TBC. 6pm to 8pm.
                                                                                                 Zelma Lawrence                   Diamantis Vlahos
9 August – Osteoporosis and Bone Public Seminar. 10am to 12 noon.
                                                                                                 Tim & Andrew Lynch               Barbara Vongalis
20 September – Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
                                                                                                 Mrs MacQueen                     Thomas Wainwright
10am to 12 noon.
                                                                                                 Peter Male                       Charles Ward
14 November – Type 2 diabetes and obesity. 10am to 12 noon.
                                                                                                 Giuseppe Marinelli               Matthew Watson
For more information about any of these events, visit www.giving.garvan.org.au
or phone (02) 9295 8110.                                                                         Emma B Marquardt                 Gloria Waugh
                                                                                                 Anne Martin                      Garry Welsh


                                                                             Please use this coupon if you would like to make a donation to
 Be part of progress                                                         Garvan’s breakthrough medical research, or if you would like
                                                                             further information. We would love to hear from you.

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Breakthrough April 2012

  • 1. breakthrough April 2012 | Issue 19 PhD student Brian Gloss and Garvan researchers have identified biochemical changes that commonly occur in the DNA of women with ovarian cancer. Making NEWS Garvan scientists have identified biochemical changes that commonly occur in the DNA of women with ovarian cancer, which may help diagnose the cancer at an earlier stage in the future. Using whole genome DNA profiling methods, Garvan scientists have identified a panel of six genes that are affected by an epigenetic process known as ‘DNA methylation’ in ovarian cancer. The Garvan team collaborated with Professor Neville Hacker, Director, Gynaecological Cancer Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, who provided tumour samples from ovarian cancer patients, as well as samples from normal ovaries. Obesity, especially central obesity, is associated with insulin resistance which precedes diabetes, sometimes by more Inside this issue: than a decade. However, it’s not only a question of body weight or fat distribution because some obese people From the CEO 2 remain insulin-sensitive, with insulin working as well in their Opinion 2 bodies as in someone lean. Garvan researchers reviewed Delta makes her mark 3 79 publications on this topic and say it also seems that in addition to having a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes than Garvan Australian Spectacular 3 insulin-resistant people of the same weight, individuals who Tour de Cure 3 are obese and insulin-sensitive also appear to have greater protection against death from cardiovascular disease. New Petre Foundation Chair of Prostate Cancer Research 4 Harnessing the power of the immune system 4 Anti-psychotic drugs for treating serious mental illness, such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia are effective and Staff profile: Professor Peter Croucher 6 often life-saving, but come with unwelcome side-effects. Young Garvan All Ribbons Ball 6 They dramatically increase weight as well as the incidence of metabolic disorders such as raised blood fats and Ask Garvan 7 Type 2 diabetes, say Garvan specialists. The rapid decline Sue Thorley’s 50th birthday 7 in physical health is so clinically significant, and of such concern, that the specialists put together a physical health City2Surf 7 protection algorithm last year, which they say should run Clinical studies 8 in tandem with mental health treatment. It includes regular and specified measurement of tangibles – weight, waistline Coming up 8 and blood chemistry – as well as counselling about lifestyle In memoriam 8 and diet.
  • 2. breakthrough April 2012 | Issue 19 3 From the Be part of our first ever Garvan Australian CEO Welcome to the first issue of breakthrough for the year. Earlier in the year, there was a lot of media Opinion Spectacular! Stars of opera, musical theatre, jazz and country will join forces at the Sydney Town Hall on Saturday 28th April 2012 for our inaugural Garvan Australian Spectacular. attention around not-for-profit organisations Featuring the Sydney International Orchestra, the Australian Army Band and and how they fundraise. I’d like to take this VOX - the Sydney Philharmonia’s Youth Choir, this family concert will include opportunity to address this in terms of Garvan a variety of musical genres along with a tribute to the Anzac spirit and and its work. There have been three Australian talent. transformational advances in The issue related to expenses incurred by some Importantly, it will also help raise vital funds for cancer research at the Garvan. molecular biology: the double helix, charities in administration and fundraising The Garvan Australian Spectacular is the brain child of Pauline Cash Cumming, gene cloning, and genomics. costs. While the old adage, ‘you have to spend a retired physiotherapist and now children’s book author. The loss of two of money to make money’ is widely accepted in The first, in the 1950s and 60s, her children to cancer was the impetus for her interest in cancer research. the corporate community, it does also apply to provided the basis for understanding not-for-profit organisations. The question raised gene structure, gene expression “As a chorister I have often sung in concerts in the Sydney Town Hall,” said in the media earlier this year was, ‘how much is and gene regulation – the first steps Pauline. “I thought it would be a beautiful venue to raise funds that will help too much?’ toward deciphering how our genetic put more cancer researchers into Garvan’s laboratories, and find ways to inheritance programs our biology. control, and ultimately cure cancer. I am very proud of the fact that the Garvan The paradigm that emerged – the Delta Goodrem cemented her support for the Research Foundation has one of the lowest “Everyone has been impacted by a diagnosis of cancer in some way. Kinghorn Cancer Centre administration and fundraising costs of any so-called ‘central dogma’ – was This is why I think it needs to be an absolute priority for medical research.” charity that I have ever worked for. In fact, that each stretch of DNA (a gene) for around nine cents in the dollar, not only specified a protein through the Ms Cash Cumming is also supporting Garvan by donating proceeds from her children’s books for three to five year olds, Skinky Poo – The Tale of a Skink Delta makes her do we run all of our fundraising activities, but we also run our large public engagement Professor John Mattick AO FAA Executive Director intermediate of RNA, which was copied when needed and decoded. and How the Gecko Got His Knob Tail to Garvan’s cancer research program. mark at the Kinghorn Both books will be available for purchase at the Garvan Australian Spectacular. program including six free public seminars a year, monthly tours and our community The second, beginning in the 1970s, gave medical scientists the first Event organiser and musical director Cancer Centre chance to ‘look under the hood’. The ability to isolate and amplify speaking program. Dr Steve Watson added, “The Garvan Delta Goodrem, along with the nation’s media, individual DNA sequences led to the discovery of many genes involved For donors it means that, for every $100 we Australian Spectacular is guaranteed donned a hard-hat and toured The Kinghorn in human development, human physiology and brain function, whose receive, at least $91 goes directly to funding to be a uniquely Australian event. Cancer Centre, of which she is a patron, to protein products were invisible to the relatively crude biochemical Garvan’s world-class medical research. The Bring along your Australian flag for review construction developments and to approaches of the time. It also enabled the identification of those that remaining monies are put to use helping us the rousing finale that will leave you leave her hand prints in concrete. malfunction in diseases, like cancer, which was the prerequisite to the raise additional funds, allowing us to continue with goose bumps, and filled with During the tour, Delta stated to the assembled development of new drugs to block them. These drugs are now, 20 Australian pride.” our vital work. years later (after all the required research and safety testing), being media, “I wanted to be the patron of this Tickets start from $40 adults, $25 centre and was honoured when asked. It’s I believe it is important that we are as used in the clinic to successfully treat many previously lethal cancers – children and concession holders, something so phenomenal and evolutionary, transparent as possible to you, our valued with many more in development. $90 family ticket (2 adults and 2 and the fact we will have such an amazing supporters, so please do not hesitate to contact The third revolution, genomics, has been made possible by the children aged 12 years and under) and incredible facility here in Sydney is so me or my team at any stage if you have queries incredible advances in DNA sequencing technology over the past 20 (plus booking fees). Tickets can be important to me. about any aspect of our work here at Garvan. years. Ten years ago the first human genome sequence cost $3 billion purchased from Ticket Direct Australia “To have such a personal connection, and Thank you for your ongoing support. dollars, and took years of work to complete. Now we can do the same (TDA). Visit www.ticketdirect.com.au the fact that the actual centre is about Yours sincerely, thing for $3,000 in a few days, and the cost is dropping by at least half or phone 1300 79 85 50 to buy your personalised medicine, is truly incredible.” every year. Ms Pauline Cash Cumming tickets today. Andrew Giles Garvan Research Foundation This is enabling us to determine the full molecular signatures of different cancers, and the best treatment options and approaches. Genome sequencing has already saved lives by identifying rogue mutations that were not obvious from traditional cellular pathology. Garvan is pioneering the introduction of this ‘next gen’ approach to Tour de Cure cancer in the soon-to-be-opened Kinghorn Cancer Centre. This is a A huge thank you to all the riders in the 2011 Tour de Cure, joint venture with St Vincent’s Hospital, where medical science and the and especially to Paul Egan who championed Garvan’s clinic will interact, side-by-side to bring the state of the art to Australia. cause throughout this mammoth ride. Funds raised for Garvan during the 2011 Tour de Cure are supporting Garvan will also bring these next gen approaches to dissecting the other complex diseases that beset our community – diabetes, immune our research to find better ways to diagnose, treat, and disorders, osteoporosis and neurological disorders. The biological and ultimately cure prostate cancer. medical revolution is now moving into top gear. It is clear that this will Andrew Giles congratulates Paul Egan on his outstanding be the last generation to die from cancer, and there is every reason to effort during the 2011 Tour de Cure expect that the other diseases will succumb to human understanding.
  • 3. breakthrough April 2012 | Issue 19 5 Feature story: Harnessing the power of the immune system Inside our bodies, there is a powerful mechanism designed to defend us against millions of microscopic invaders. However, what happens when that defense is impeded, or worse, stops working altogether? The immune system is designed to protect our bodies producing cells from the pancreas known as against dangerous attacks. These can come from ‘Islets of Langerhans’. Each pancreas has around outside the body in the form of infections, or from a million islets, which maintain the body’s blood inside the body in the form of cancer. At the same sugar levels in exquisite balance. time, the immune system must avoid attacking healthy However, transplanting islets is a process fraught tissue or over-reacting to minor threats like pollens Petre Foundation funds new and house dust mites. When the balance is upset and with challenges. Islets are fragile, the body rejects donor cells strenuously, and anti-rejection controls fail, the results can include diseases ranging Chair of Prostate Cancer Research from life threatening infections and malignant tumours to autoimmune conditions (eg Type 1 diabetes) and drugs are highly toxic. Even when heavy duty immunosuppressive drugs are given to a patient, that person will still have Type 1 diabetes – the allergies (eg asthma). autoimmune disease that destroyed their insulin- Australian philanthropist, Mr Daniel Petre has donated $2 million to The work of Garvan’s Immunology program is divided producing cells in the first place. appoint a Chair of Prostate Cancer Research at the University of Sydney, between studying how a normal immune system who will work closely with Garvan’s prostate cancer researchers. The new reagent, generated in-house by Garvan functions in a balanced way, and how it goes wrong Organisation of immune cells within the spleen. T cells (T, red), B cells (B, green) and specialised scientists has the potential to turn this situation when disease occurs. Understanding the way the cells marginal zone B cells (MZ, blue) congregate in distinct regions of the spleen. Upon infection, these This is not the first time the Petre Foundation has supported medical around. Given to diabetic mice for two weeks, and molecules of the immune system function is key to cells rapidly migrate around the spleen to communicate with each other and additional populations research in Australia. The Foundation also currently supports a Chair both dampening the immune system or harnessing its starting the day before islet transplantation, the of immune cells located in the external red pulp (RP) region. (Picture by Dr Dominique Gatto). of Breast Cancer Research at the Garvan Institute and neuromuscular reagent allowed mice to accept the donor cells as power in order to fight disease. research at the Institute for Neuromuscular Research, Children’s their own, with no need for immunosuppressive Hospital at Westmead. Here we explore some of the diseases that are currently drugs, and no Type 1 diabetes. Permanently. In the case of lupus, the immune system Asthma is an inflammatory condition being researched by the Immunology team, as well as inadvertently produces antibodies that that affects the bronchial tubes in the Sjögren’s syndrome is a disorder of the immune Deciding to support prostate cancer research was an obvious some of the progress being made in this important field attack various structures in the body. It is lungs. People with asthma have sensitive system, where glands that normally produce tears, choice according to Mr Petre, who had many reasons for committing of medical research. the accumulation of these “autoantibodies” or hyperactive airways which narrow in saliva and sweat are attacked and destroyed by to this Chair. Type 1 diabetes affects more than 140,000 children immune cells. This results in abnormally dry eyes, in the tissues that can cause inflammation, response to certain stimuli. The narrowing and adults in Australia, making it one of the most mouth and/or other mucous membranes such as damage and pain. In other autoimmune is due to inflammation and swelling of the “While the profile of prostate cancer has increased over recent years, common serious diseases among children. the intestines, lungs or vagina. diseases, particular tissues such as the lining, tightening of the airway muscles the funding allocated to prostate cancer research is still significantly less peripheral nerves (Guillain-Barré syndrome) (spasm) and production of excess mucus. than, say, breast cancer research. Yet, the incidence and mortality rates People with Type 1 diabetes produce very little, or no Sjögren’s syndrome may occur by itself, known or the heart muscle (rheumatic carditis) This reduces the airflow in and out of are very similar. insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the body’s as Primary Sjögren’s syndrome, or together are attacked by “organ-specific auto- the lungs. use of glucose (sugar), which is a major fuel source for with other autoimmune diseases like lupus and antibodies.” “The other similarity between breast and prostate cancer is that they are our bodies. Insulin is only produced by specific cells in rheumatoid arthritis. This is known as Secondary More than two million Australians have both hormonal cancers, so there are a lot of common links between the the pancreas called beta cells. Insulin travels through Sjögren’s syndrome. At Garvan, scientists are using sophisticated asthma, yet the causes are still not clearly approaches to solving these two cancers. As Garvan has both breast and the blood and helps to get sugar from the blood into strategies and technologies to examine understood, but genetic and environmental The cause of Sjögren’s syndrome is still a mystery, prostate cancer teams actively looking for answers, I hope this funding cells where it can be used for energy. Without insulin, the reasons why, in the case of lupus and factors do come into play. There is often a though there appears to be a genetic influence, will help lead to more breakthroughs for both diseases, sooner. blood sugar levels rise to dangerously high levels that other autoimmune diseases, the immune family history of asthma, eczema and/or hay as it tends to occur in families where there are can cause organ damage. system produces antibodies that attack the fever or other allergies. Children with one “Thirdly, the side-effects of prostate cancer treatment, which other autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the beta cells that make body and not invading micro-organisms. asthmatic parent are three to six times more often involves removal of the prostate, can be severe, and include Garvan scientists have identified a new group An important clue that we are following up insulin have been destroyed by the body’s own immune likely to develop asthma. incontinence and impotency.” of immune cells that, for the first time, directly is the fact that autoimmune diseases often system. Like many complex human diseases, we are not Garvan researchers are focused on link two autoimmune diseases, Type 1 diabetes occur after bacterial or viral infections. It Mr Petre added, “I hope that, through the efforts and collaborations sure why this happens, but we know that it is caused by understanding the key pathways in asthma and Sjögren’s syndrome. The newly identified appears that, in these cases, the immune of Garvan, we can find a way to clearly identify tumours that can be an interaction between genes and the environment. population of cells is a sub-class of ‘T helper cells’, system’s response against the infection and identifying unique sets of genes, left in situ. That would be the gold medal achievement for the medium In people with Type 1 diabetes, the immune system white blood cells that help other immune cells inflammatory molecules and proteins that has inadvertently resulted in the production term. Beyond better diagnosis of tumours the ultimate goal is, of treats the beta cells like it would a bacteria or virus, perform their tasks. can be used to intervene in the process of of antibodies that attack the body’s own course, finding a cure and one that hopefully does not require surgical and for this reason, diabetes is called an autoimmune asthma. Garvan is also looking to develop Garvan researchers hope to determine whether tissues as well as the invading organism. intervention.” disease. new therapeutic approaches for asthma, these cells could become a biomarker of disease So far we have found that our immune such as monoclonal antibodies as a Daniel’s commitment to philanthropy began when he worked at Garvan’s Immunology program has several teams of as well as a therapeutic target for patients with system has a way of preventing the treatment to reduce inflammation in the Microsoft with Bill Gates. scientists who research different aspects of Type 1 both Type 1 diabetes and Sjögren’s syndrome. production of these “cross-reactive” airways of asthma patients. diabetes. They focus on understanding how and why “Bill Gates’ mother was very philanthropic, and she bestowed on him Lupus (also known as Systemic Lupus autoantibodies under most conditions. an immune system turns on itself and destroys the Research into diagnostics is also this theory – if you are well off or comfortable, it is your responsibility, Erythematosus – SLE) is an autoimmune disease However, we have identified that insulin-producing beta cells. They are also trying to important: more effective tools to identify that causes various tissues in the body to become autoimmune attacks on particular organs not your choice, to give back to society, and I agree with that. create new beta cells from other cell types. which patients will respond best to which chronically inflamed. It is a complex disease that are particularly likely to occur after “The key is to find something that you care about, and then do not Recently, Garvan scientists developed a reagent with can affect many parts of the body, typically the infections. By devising a way to look directly treatments. Garvan research will lead delay – do something now. I often remind myself and others that, if you the potential to prevent rejection of transplanted skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs. at the immune cells responsible for making to more effective use of existing don’t donate today, you might be delaying the cure of a debilitating insulin-producing cells into people with Type 1 Lupus can be mild or life-threatening, depending autoantibodies after an infection, we are treatments and the development diabetes. It is one of the most promising immunology on the area of the body that is affected. of new and improved therapies. illness by another day, or more children will die due to a lack of clean now positioned to look at how this process developments in recent years. water because you delayed acting for another day. When you think Lupus affects one in 700 Australians. Nine out of is controlled and hope, in the future, to of it that way, there’s really no argument for not doing something The best hope for restoring insulin production is for every ten people with lupus are women, mostly devise ways of preventing the movement meaningful now!” people to receive transplanted clusters of insulin- aged between 15 and 45 years. of infection to autoimmune disease.
  • 4. breakthrough April 2012 | Issue 19 7 Staff Profile: Professor Peter Croucher Celebrate a special best possible people, and create a high that we are all likely to develop some Ask Garvan occasion with a truly meaningful gift quality infrastructure to support the form of musculoskeletal disease in our best possible research. lifetime, whether this be one of the more Q: Why will the new Kinghorn Cancer Centre So far, what are you enjoying the most common diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, include a Wellness Centre? On special occasions, more and more people are asking about working at Garvan? or a less common disease such as the family and friends to make a donation to a charity in lieu I like the positive attitude that everyone A: The Wellness Centre forms part of the Kinghorn cancers that grow in bone. of gifts. has at Garvan, whether it is related Cancer Centre’s integrative approach to medicine. directly to the research, or from those Raising funds to be able to work on The first of its type in NSW to be integrated In September last year, that support research. I also like having these diseases is a real challenge. Sue Thorley celebrated with conventional cancer care, the purpose-built the time to be much more directly Unfortunately we don’t have the same her 50th birthday, and high profile as other diseases, such Wellness Centre will be a place where patients asked guests to make involved in research. In my previous as cancer or heart disease, so we are can retreat and get help coping with their cancer a donation to Garvan role there was increasing levels of administration which meant I had less not at the top of people’s lists when it diagnosis and treatment. instead of buying a gift. and less time to do the research that I comes to supporting research. However, With a ‘Day Spa’ feel, the Wellness Centre’s Sue says, “I’ve been really enjoyed. I even hope to get back the impact on people’s health is just as design will provide a calm, caring and soothing blessed to have a very into the lab myself here at Garvan. significant as some of the more high full and rewarding ‘first profile disease areas. environment for cancer patients to access the Highly-respected bone researcher So far, what are you enjoying most 50 years’ and I felt Recruiting good people is also a latest information and advice and the very best Professor Peter Croucher recently about living in Australia? the generosity of my joined Garvan from the University challenge. People see that working in the in evidence-based complementary health care. friends would be better I really like Sydney, but surprisingly, the of Sheffield to take up the Chair so bone field is challenging, particularly in Services offered at the Wellness Centre will help served in supporting thing I like most so far is the climate. generously funded by Mrs Janice getting long-term funding. Certainly in alleviate stress, relieve symptoms and reduce a cause close to my All the Sydney-siders I’ve met are Gibson and Ernest Heine Family my experience in the UK, we lost a lot of pain and anxiety as well as promoting feelings heart, rather than complaining that this summer was the Foundation. We are pleased to great researchers in the field because of of well-being. material gifts for me. worst they can remember, but I have to welcome Professor Croucher as the a lack of funding. I hope we can address say, I’ve loved it. However, I suspect this “My mum, Judy Sue Thorley and her husband, Gerry leader of Garvan’s Osteoporosis this challenge at Garvan. Relieving the physical and emotional side-effects probably says more about UK weather Hellicar, suffered from at Sue’s 50th birthday celebration and Bone Biology program, a role than it does about Australia! I have What do you enjoy doing away from of cancer treatment is important in encouraging Parkinson’s for nearly previously held by Professor John also really enjoyed travelling around the lab? the completion of a treatment regimen. For two decades and she passed away in 2006. She also Eisman who stepped down as program Australia, particularly western NSW and I spend much of my spare time with my example, it is estimated that more than 30 percent supported Garvan, and followed research developments leader in late 2011. Kakadu National Park. children because they are still young. closely. I feel anything I can do to help support Garvan in of chemotherapy patients prematurely cease We recently sat down with Professor What is the biggest challenge facing Outside of that, I do as much running as treatment because of emotional difficulties. finding a cure for this insidious disease is so worthy.“ Croucher to discuss his new role. your area of research? I can, particularly trail running and, when Thanks to some stealth-like planning by Sue’s husband possible, I also enjoy cycling. At the Wellness Centre, evidence-based and What does your role as Director of Raising awareness about the importance Gerry and their children Anna and Max, Sue’s 50th Garvan’s Bone Program involve? Professor Croucher will host Garvan’s non-invasive complementary therapies will be birthday party was a wonderful surprise. “It was the most of musculoskeletal diseases is a real challenge. Most people see the skeleton free Osteoporosis and Bone Public offered as an adjunct to conventional medicine in special birthday celebration I’ve ever had, with friends and As the Program Director, my overall role is to develop a world-class research as a dead tissue – a structure that just Seminar on Thursday 9 August 2012. a patient-centred and holistic care program. This family travelling from all parts of Australia to be with me program with the aim of having a holds you up. They don’t realise it’s a To register for this event, visit will allow open communication between all care on the night. Wonderful memories I’ll cherish forever. significant impact on the most common tissue that is constantly changing – the www.giving.garvan.org.au/seminars or providers and the patient, while promoting patient “In fact, my birthday celebrations seemed to go on for the diseases of the skeleton. To do that, I skeleton you wake up with is not the one phone (02) 9295 8110. choice and quality of life. Importantly, researchers entire month – we decided to rename September 2011 to will be looking to recruit more of the you go to bed with. Most are unaware will be able to evaluate various therapies for Sue-tember!” efficacy, so that we build our knowledge of what Creating a personal, online fundraising page through the really works for individuals. Garvan website is a great way to tell people about your Young Garvan 2011 Young Garvan Fellow, request for donations. Sue says, “I uploaded photos of my mum and myself and family over the past 50 years. It was a great way for my friends to ‘connect’ and leave All Ribbons Ball Dr Ebru Boslem a personal message. Plus it was seamless in terms of City2Surf collecting the donations.” Sue is delighted with the result of her birthday donations, Young Garvan is hosting the third All Ribbons Ball on Saturday 18 having raised $1,685 to support Garvan’s research. August at the Sydney Hilton Hotel. The black-tie dinner for 450 “It was a wonderful and practical way for my friends and guests raises funds for the Young Garvan Postdoctoral Fellowship, It’s time to start training! Elite athletes will once family to celebrate my birthday. With the funds I was supporting a young scientist working on a major research project again be rubbing shoulders with locals to run, walk able to raise, not only does it help Garvan in a monetary at Garvan. or watch the iconic City2Surf race. Starting at Hyde sense, but helps raise the profile and recognition of the Park in Sydney’s CBD and finishing at Bondi Beach, invaluable work and research that the Institute undertakes, The Fellowship (valued at $50,000) has been awarded five times and hopefully might encourage others to do the same for the City2Surf also offers participants the opportunity since its inception in 2003. Dr Ebru Boslem, the 2011 Young Garvan special celebratory events.” to raise funds for a charity. Fellow, has used the award to further her research into Type 2 If you have an upcoming celebration, and would like to diabetes as part of Garvan’s Diabetes and Obesity program. Entries will open in late May. For more information ask friends and family to donate to Garvan instead of gifts, about registering for the City2Surf, and selecting the visit www.giving.garvan.org.au or phone (02) 9295 8110. Tickets for the 2012 All Ribbons Ball go on sale in May. For further Garvan Institute of Medical Research as your charity With enough notice, Garvan can also provide you with information, contact Kylie Sherwood-Kelly at the Garvan Research donation envelopes, personalised for you and your of choice, visit www.city2surf.com.au Foundation on 02 9295 8108 or visit the event website, special occasion. www.allribbonsball.com
  • 5. Clinical Studies In Memoriam November 2011 – Study on Fat Metabolism February 2012. Donations have We are looking for healthy volunteers: men and postmenopausal women, aged 50- 70 years for research into hormones and body fat. This study involves visits over a 14 been made in memory of: week period to the Garvan to study the effects of three commonly used medications, oestrogen (women only), letrozole and tamoxifen on the burning of fat in the body. We Wendy Allen Philip McAlpine will investigate how fat is utilised at whole body and liver level. Secundino Arguelles Joyce I Mealing For further information please contact: Dr Vita Birzniece (02) 9295 8483, or email Jill Askew James Mellor v.birzniece@garvan.org.au or Vanessa Travers (02) 9295 8232, or email v.travers@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref No 09/090). Hans Bakker Zivorad Mihajlovic John R Barbour Ron Miller Diabetes Study Are you interested in improving the control of your diabetes? We are studying the effect Karen Beaumont McCormack Terry Moran of the amino acid glutamine on glucose control in Type 2 diabetes. We are looking for Helen Beh Michael Morling people with Type 2 diabetes for less than five years, males and females ages 40-75 years, Peter Boersma Arthur Nezis only on Metformin (ie not taking insulin or other diabetes medications). For more information contact: Renee Richens on (02) 9295 8215, or email Doran Catt Rebecca J Nicholas r.richens@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref H07/059 version 1). Rex Child Adrian Notley Metabolism – Genetics of Obesity Study Dean Cooper David Owen Do you think you could be overweight? Volunteers are needed to screen for a gene Ronald A Cumming Noel Pearce that links to obesity at the Garvan Institute. It involves only one visit during which Matthew Darrington Robyn Joy Price measurements and a blood test will be taken. If you are suitable, you may enter the second part of the study to receive a full metabolic assessment. Malcolm J Denner Adam Rankine-Wilson For further enquiries, please contact: Dr Daniel Chen (02) 9295 8557, or email Harvey R Dopp Robert J Rice d.chen@garvan.org.au or Vanessa Travers (02) 9295 8232, or email Sue Dowlan Patricia A Ricketts v.travers@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref HREC/10/SVH/133). Dianne Endycott Ena Schofield Pre-diabetes study John S Falla Leslie Semken We need healthy volunteers for a study looking at the effects of immune function and John Gates Noeleen Shaw autonomic nervous activity in Type 2 diabetes. We especially need people with a family history of Type 2 diabetes. If you are willing and are aged 50 to 60 years and healthy, Christine Gibson (Weir) Vasiliki Simos please contact: Lynne (02) 9295 8231, or Dorit (02) 9295 8309, or email Robert Gowing Kay M Smith crf@garvan.org.au (St Vincent’s Human Research Ethics Ref 06/147). William Hall Richard Smith Thomas H Hill Vincas Surka Coming Up John Hodgen Klara Torheiden Elizabeth Kane Domenico Tranchini 24 May – Ovarian Cancer Public Seminar. 10am to 12 noon. Philip Kelly James Van Rol 6 June – Young Garvan Forum. Topic TBC. 6pm to 8pm. Zelma Lawrence Diamantis Vlahos 9 August – Osteoporosis and Bone Public Seminar. 10am to 12 noon. Tim & Andrew Lynch Barbara Vongalis 20 September – Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Mrs MacQueen Thomas Wainwright 10am to 12 noon. Peter Male Charles Ward 14 November – Type 2 diabetes and obesity. 10am to 12 noon. Giuseppe Marinelli Matthew Watson For more information about any of these events, visit www.giving.garvan.org.au or phone (02) 9295 8110. Emma B Marquardt Gloria Waugh Anne Martin Garry Welsh Please use this coupon if you would like to make a donation to Be part of progress Garvan’s breakthrough medical research, or if you would like further information. We would love to hear from you. 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