2. Ecology and Ecosystems
 Ecology is the scientific study of relations that living organisms
have with respect to each other and their natural environment.
 Under ecology, we study various ecosystems which are a part
of the biosphere.
 An ecosystem includes all the organisms and the nonliving
environment that are found in a particular place.

3. Ecological Succession

4. Ecological Succession
 Ecological succession is the
observed process of change
in the species structure of
an ecological community
over time.
 Ecological succession
occurs when the conditions
of an environment
suddenly and drastically
change.

6. Food Chain
 A food chain shows the feeding relationship between different
living things in a particular habitat.
 Food chains show how energy is passed from the sun to
producers, from producers to consumers, and from consumers to
decomposers.
 In any ecosystem, many food chains overlap. When this
happens, the food chain forms a food web.

7. PRIMARY SECONDARY
PRODUCERS
CONSUMERS CONSUMERS
GRASS HERBIVORES CARNIVORES
GRASS DEER LION

8. Food Web
 A food web is a graphical
description of feeding
relationship among species
in an ecological community.
 It even specifies the energy
relation and transfer of
energy amongst them.
 There are many food chains
contained in these food
webs

9. Ecological Pyramid

10. Types Of Ecosystems
Forest Ecosystem
Grassland Ecosystem
Desert Ecosystem
Aquatic Ecosystem

11. Forest Ecosystem
 A forest ecosystem is
a terrestrial unit of
living organisms.
 All interacting among
themselves and with
the environment (soil,
climate, water and
light) in which they
live.

12. Types Of Forest Ecosystems
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Seasonal Forest
Temperate Evergreen and Deciduous Forest
Boreal Forest
Savanna and Woodland

14. Grassland Ecosystem
A biological community
that contains few trees
or shrubs characterized
by mixed herbaceous
vegetation cover,
dominated by grasses or
grass like plants.
It occupies about 19% of
earth’s surface.

16. Types Of Grassland Ecosystem
Tropical and subtropical grasslands
Temperate grasslands
Flooded grasslands
Montane grasslands
Tundra grasslands
Desert and xeric grasslands

18. Desert Ecosystem
 A desert ecosystem exists
where there is little rainfall
and the climate is extreme in
harshness.
 It occupies about 17% of
the earth’s surface.

19. Types Of Desert Ecosystem
Hot and Dry Deserts
Cold Deserts
Semi-Arid Deserts
Coastal Deserts

22. Aquatic Ecosystem
 It is an ecosystem located in a
water bodies.
 The two main types of aquatic
ecosystems are marine
ecosystems and freshwater
ecosystems.

23. Types Of Aquatic Ecosystem
Marine Ecosystem.
Freshwater Ecosystem
1.Lentic
2.Lotic
3.Wetland

25. Responsibilities towards ecosystem

26. Inference
• After studying and analyzing the various ecosystems, their
internal components, biotic factors; we can very well conclude
that man is the part and parcel of these God gift.
• It’s the foremost responsibility to include the conservation
and maintenance of these precious gift of nature as crucial
priority in our life.

27. THANK YOU