5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
A Holistic Approach Towards International Disaster Resilient Architecture by ...
IDRC14-Luu et al
1. Flood mitigation through hydropower
dam management in Vietnam
T.D.C. Luu1, J. Von Meding1, S. Kanjanabootra1,
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
C.H. Luu2
1The University of Newcastle, Australia
2Hydropower Project Board No.5., Vietnam
2. There have been 815 hydropower
projects approved with a total
installed capacity of 24,324.3MW.
In these 815 approved projects,
there are 268 hydropower plants
in operation with capacity of
14,240.5MW and over 205
projects under construction with
capacity of 6,198.8MW.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
(Source: The International Journal
on Hydropower & Dam – 2011)
3. (Sources: Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control; General Statistic Office)
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Vietnam: A country at risk
-Multiple hazards
-Unfavourable terrain
-Human-induced environmental damage
-Poorly managed forestry
-Uncontrolled development of hydropower facilities
4. High density
development:
The main
hydropower
dams on
Dong Nai
river basin.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
(Source: Conference on Integrated Management of Watershed
and River Basin – VRN 2011)
5. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
6. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
7. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Operation
Design &
Construction
Environmental
Impacts
8. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Environmental Impacts
Deforestation during hydropower boom- very little
reforestation (3 of 27 provinces)
Disruption to ecosystem, impacting livelihoods
Resettlement of many communities and often induced
poverty
9. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Design and constructio
There are 5 river diversion hydropower
projects in central Vietnam and many
“run-of-river” hydropower plants
seriously impacting both residents and
the ecology.
Most hydropower dams do not ensure
minimum flow of rivers in the dry
season and do not have bottom outlet
works in the dam body to discharge
water when necessary. (Source: tuoitre.vn)
10. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Operation/Management
The potential for hydropower projects to address flood
control task in central Vietnam is limited due to its
topography.
In most reservoir operation procedures, the regulation is
that 2 hours prior notice be given before discharge occurs.
The rainfall observation network is very sparse in the Central
region and rain gauges are measured only every 12 hours (at
7pm and 7am).
Residents have limited to access to information relating to
reservoir operating and flood discharge procedures. In
addition, local authorities lack specific provisions to
empower communities to seek compensation.
11. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Initial Observations
1. Forest management should be given immediate attention. The
Strategic Environment Assessment in all river basins should be
studied for sustainable development in water resources.
2. It is important to build the capacity of the rainfall observation
network in order to enhance forecast accuracy and increase the
notice before flood discharge.
3. All reservoir dams at level three must have monitoring equipment
installed that provides the observation data of water levels and
discharges in reservoirs and this data must be accessed on a system.
4. It is necessary to establish a dam safety committee and build
reservoirs and dam data/information management in Vietnam.
12. Added value for the Post 2015 Framework for
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
www.grforum.org
Disaster Risk Reduction
• How did your work support the implementation of the Hyogo
Framework for Action:
– Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks: data and statistical loss in
Vietnam.
– Provides a more solid footing for decision makers.
– Creating a holistic framework to solve problems caused by human
intervention in the ecosystem.
• From your perspective what are the main gaps, needs and further
steps to be addressed in the Post 2015 Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction in
– Research: More locally driven research in developing countries
– Education & Training: Capacity building of local institutions, enhanced
disaster management courses and programs
– Implementation & Practice: Investment in prevention and preparedness,
recognition of value in this investment
– Policy: Working WITH decision-makers on research, enabling change
Hinweis der Redaktion
Vietnam is located in one of the most hazard-prone area in the Asian Pacific Region. It is vulnerable to multiple hazards, particularly in the central region.
An annual average of deaths and missing people of 588.
According to World Bank, natural disasters cost as much as 1.5 percent of gross domestic product per year in Vietnam.
Take an example of Dong Nai River basin. Be River and La Nga River are two/six main tributaries of Dong Nai River. The high density of hydropower plants: 14/420 km of Dong Nai River, 6/350km of Be River, 5/290km of La Nga River.
The resettlement and reforestation are stated in the EIA for the preparation stage of project. However these two problems have not carried out seriously. According to the report of Minister of MOARD, only 3 out of 27 provinces have carried out reforestation under the guidance of Circular 24/2013/TT-BNNPTNT.
The resettlement after compulsory land acquisition created a lot of suffering for the residents. Most of them are ethnic minorities.
During the central Vietnam floods of 2013, all hydropower reservoir operators claimed that they complied correctly with operation procedure. However, the residents who suffered the severe consequences of flooding did not absolve the operators of responsibility.
Ex: The river diversion in Dak Mi 4 plant has led the Vu Gia River to run out of water during dry season and created a major conflict regarding water use between the investor and Da Nang resident. Dak Mi 4 is supposed to discharge 25m3/s for Vu Gia river according to the Report No.75/BC-CP of the Prime Minister. However it presently discharges only 5m3/s due to the electricity generation optimization.
During the central Vietnam floods of 2013, all hydropower reservoir operators claimed that they complied correctly with operation procedure. However, the residents who suffered the severe consequences of flooding did not absolve the operators of responsibility.
When considering the hydropower development process, it can be seen that weakness in management and planning invariably lead to an increase in flood risk in Vietnam. Hydropower plays an important role in maintaining national energy security in Vietnam; however, there are many shortcomings that must be addressed in the move towards sustainable hydropower development. The following actions are recommended as potential flood mitigation methods.