Feed compounders have to ensure feed safety, which requires more heat treatment than before, especially to control salmonella. But they also have to handle pelleting parameters in order to guarantee the stability of additives, particularly enzymes, pelleting being the critical phase with a major risk of loss of activity.

1. Digital Re-print - July | August 2012
Technological expertise helps to
Understand enzyme recovery in pelleted feed
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2. FEATURE
Understand
EXPERTISE HELPS TO
enzyme
TECHNOLOGICAL
recovery in
pelleted feed
by Jérôme Lamoine1, expert in Product
Application Technologies, Adisseo, France
F
eed compounders have to ensure peratures ranging from 80°C to 98°C. The The role of conditioning
feed safety, which requires more heat tests were conducted on commercial feed Literature shows that, due to steam addi-
treatment than before, especially to compounds in Europe and Asia including tion, the conditioning temperature has a direct
control salmonella. But they also have to NSP enzyme with a xylanase activity target impact on enzyme recovery after pelleting3.
handle pelleting parameters in order to of 1100 u/kg. Furthermore, because of the coating effect act-
guarantee the stability of additives, particular- As shown in Table 1, in most cases, the ing like a ‘fuse’, the enzyme inactivation is not
ly enzymes, pelleting being the critical phase xylanase activity reached the target value. always linear. Trials show that coated xylanase
with a major risk of loss of activity. But, even if the same kind of equipment can resist higher temperatures, but only up
were used, the results differed according to to a certain level (On Graph 1 for example,
Adisseo carried out trials2 comparing numerous processing parameters such as the the coated xylanase is stable up to 85°C, but
various equipment: single or double clas- length of conditioning, the pelleting equip- loses 35 percent of activity at 95°C; the ‘fuse
sical conditioners, thermic and mechanical ment characteristics, the feed output and threshold’ is exceeded).
treatment equipment such as compactors the cooling. The following explanations are The duration of conditioning also affects
or expanders, with different operating taken from literature and Adisseo’s technical enzyme stability. Trials performed on a pilot
parameters: duration, energy, and tem- expertise. pellet mill4 show that increasing the conditioning
Table 1: Effect of different conditioning equipments and pelleting settings on NSP enzyme activity in feed
Trial conditions: Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7
Type of conditioner Single Double Compactor Expander
Feed output (tons/h) not reported 10.0 14.9 11.2 12.0 12.0 9.0
Temperature after
90°C 80°C 80°C 80°C 75°C 80°C 73°C
conditioner
Temperature before
90°C 80°C 80°C 80°C 89°C 98°C 85°C
pellet mill
Xylanase activity: Target = 1100 units/kg (100.0%)
After conditioner 1368 1200 1186 1079 1100 700 no sample
After pellet mill 1205 1260 1205 325 678 0 no sample
904
After cooler: units/kg 1048 1052 284 542 0 1124
(82.2%)
(recovery vs target %) (95.3%) (95.6%) (25.8%) (49.3%) (0.0%) (102.2%)
Wear and
settings of die
Moderate
and rolls impact, High mechanical
Bad cooling High mechanical mechanical
Comments: Results on target + lower output and heat
effect treatment and heat
of the line = treatment
treatment
higher pelleting
specific energy
26 | July - august 2012 Grain &feed millinG technoloGy

3. “The more you increase the duration of conditioning the more you lose enzyme activity,”
example, the coated xylanase is stable up to 85°C, but loses 35% of activity at 95°C; the “fuse
threshold” is exceeded). says Jérôme Lamoine. FEATURE
Graph 1: Effect of conditioning temperature on different xylanases recovery after pelleting. Graph 2 : Effect of conditioning time at different temperatures, on β‐glucanase recovery after pelleting.
100%
90%
100%
80%
70% 100%
% of activity in mash feed
60%
90%
80% 68%
% of activity vs m ash
50%
70%
40% 60%
100% 42%
30% 50%
20%
40%
30%
10% 41% 13% 30 sec
20% 26%
0% 10% 7% 15 min
65°C 75°C 85°C 95°C
0%
Processing temperature
Mash 75°C 85°C 95°C
Coated xylanase Xylanase 1 Xylanase 2 Xylanase 3 Processing temperature
The same feed has been kept at different temperatures during 30 seconds or 15 minutes. At each
Graph 1: Effect of conditioning temperature on
Uncoated xylanases 1, 2, and 3 are destroyed at low temperature levels, when coated xylanase can resist up
Graph 2 : Effect of conditioning time at different temperatures,
temperature, the enzyme has lost 60% of its activity at 15 minutes compared to 30 seconds.
to 85°C. But at 95°C, its coating is less protective.
different xylanases recovery after pelleting. on βglucanase recovery after pelleting.
Uncoated xylanases 1, 2, and 3 are destroyed at
low temperature levels, when coated xylanase The same feed has been kept at different temperatures during 30
Coated enzymes can also resist to specific heat and mechanical treatments (like compactors
can resist up to 85°C. But at 95°C, its coating is or expanders), but again, only up to a certain level (lines 5 to 7 in Table 1). has lost
seconds or 15 minutes. At each temperature, the enzyme
less protective. 60 percent of its activity at 15 minutes compared to 30 seconds.
The characteristics of pelleting equipments also have an impact on enzyme recovery in feed.
For example, an increase of the compression ratio (ratio between channel length and
Filip_Anzeige_130x180mm_GB_c_Filip_Anzeige_117x191mm_US_c 16.11.11 17:33 Seite 1
diameter of the die, L/d), improves the pellet quality, increases the final temperature of the
time from 30 seconds to 15
pellets, but results in higher losses of enzymes. Compression ratio and also production
minutes leads to a 60 percent
output (tons per hour) of the line have an impact on the retention time of feed inside the
increase of enzyme loss of activity
pellet die. Tecaliman has shown that extending the duration of retention in the pellet mill
at any temperature from 75°C Always in motion for you!
die increases the pellet temperature and decreases the enterobacteria content5. So Jérôme
to 95°C (see Graph 2). “The Lamoine wonders what happened to the enzymes. His trials, achieved at a customer
more you increase the dura- feedmill, prove that when using two identical pelleting lines, with the same equipment, the
tion of conditioning the more • sieve cleaning brushes
same product and the same temperature, xylanase recovery drops from 79% to 21% (lines 3
you lose enzyme activity,” says • sieve cleaners with studs
and 4 in Table 1). The main difference between the two lines was the feed flows (14.9t/h vs
Jérôme Lamoine. • bottom cleaners
• roller mill brushes
Pelleting equipment
Coated enzymes can
also resist specific heat and
mechanical treatments (like
Need more efficiency from your sieves?
compactors or expanders),
but again, only up to a cer-
tain level (lines 5 to 7 in Switch to FILIP’s
Table 1). Double Cleaner with
The characteristics of pel-
leting equipment also have tongue for sifter sieves
an impact on enzyme recov-
ery in feed. For example, an
without backwire!
increase of the compression
ratio (ratio between channel Dynamic movement
and effective cleaning
length and diameter of the
die, L/d), improves the pel-
1 is achieved by combining
the ideal shape, size
let quality, increases the final
temperature of the pellets,
and weight 3 Slider knob,
tongue and
but results in higher losses of corner scrapers work
enzymes. Compression ratio together to provide
and also production output effective pan cleaning
(tons per hour) of the line
have an impact on the reten-
Studs or bristles
tion time of feed inside the
pellet die. 2 arranged around
the entire perimeter
produce exceptional
Feed output sieve cleaning
Tecaliman has shown
that extending the duration
of retention in the pellet
mill die increases the pellet FILIP GmbH
Mill brush manufacturer Tel: + 49 (0)52 41 - 2 93 30
temperature and decreases
Johann - Sewerin-Str. 8 Fax: + 49 (0)52 41 - 2 03 21
the enterobacteria content5. D - 33330 Guetersloh E-Mail: info@filip-gmbh.com
So Jérôme Lamoine won-
Outside Germany: We will be glad to name our local representative!
dered what happened to the
enzymes. His trials, achieved
at a customer feed mill, prove For more details please visit our website : www.filip-gmbh.com
Grain &feed millinG technoloGy July - august 2012 | 27

4. FEATURE
that when using two identical pel- enzyme recovery, with losses of activity by
leting lines, with the same equip- 13 percent to 28 percent on Lines 1 and 2
ment, the same product and for example.
the same temperature, xylanase He concludes that, among all the
recovery drops from 79 percent pelleting parameters influencing enzyme
to 21 percent (lines 3 and 4 in stability, two key indicators should be
Table 1). The main difference highlighted: the feed temperature before
between the two lines was the pelleting which is a good indicator for
feed flows (14.9t/h vs11.2t/h) characterizing heat resistance, and the
that due to die wear and rolls specific energy of pelleting (kWh/t)
gap settings, lead to a high differ- “which is relevant to characterise losses
ence in specific pelleting energy during pelleting”.
applied to feed. He points that this kind of study
first requires the preparation of a strict
Cooling parameters protocol for each trial, and the methodi-
Finally, cooling parameters also cal collection of representative samples
affect enzymatic activity. Jérôme (following the recommendations of the
Lamoine shows that the cooler regulation6). He also points that, when the
design (vertical or counter flow) powder form of enzymes has reached its
and its settings (air speed linked limits in the feed mill, the liquid form can
to the duration of cooling) affect be a safe alternative.
References
1 Lamoine, J., 2011. Technological
expertise for guaranteed
performances. Conference during
the Rovabio® Expertise Tour in
Brugge, Belgium.
2 Lamoine, J., and Y. Laitem, 2011.
Pelleting parameters influencing
The world´s top event for animal production
enzymes stability. Adisseo trials.
3 Beardsworth, P., 2004. Coating
helps to keep enzyme « cold ».
Feed Tech 8.6
4 Inborr, J. et al, 1994. Stability of
feed enzymes to steam pelleting
during feed processing. Animal Feed
Science Technology 46.
5 Tecaliman, 2007. Etablissement
des barèmes de décontamination
par un procédé de granulation sur
les aliments porc, pondeuse, poulet
et dinde. Fiche Technique n°68.
6 Commission Regulation (EC) No
152/2009 of 27 January 2009,
laying down the methods of
sampling and analysis for the official
control of feed. Annex I Methods of
sampling.
Your Business
Driven by Innovations
Hanover / Germany
13 – 16 November 2012
Tel.: +49 69/24788-265, E-Mail: expo@dlg.org About the author
Jérôme Lamoine1, expert
in Product Application
including Technologies, Adisseo
www.eurotier.de
www.eurotier.com including More InforMatIon:
www.adisseo.com
28 | July - august 2012
RZ_130x180_Anzeige_ET_JP EN.indd 1 09.07.12 15:23 &feed millinG technoloGy
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