Do you know your SATA from your PCI? Just what is all that stuff in your tech devices? While we may only think about our keyboard, mouse and screen, there's so much more hardware inside your computer. The presentation will explain the acronyms, the terminology and how the hardware all works together.

1. Computer Hardware
Jere Minich
Lake Sumter Computer Society
ProgramLSCS@gmail.com
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2. What we will Cover
• 1. CPU – the heart of the Computer.
• 2. Mouse and Flash Drives.
• 3. Ram, Hard drive, Solid State Drives .
• 4. DVD and Blu-Ray, Printers.
• 5. Power Supplies, Keyboard and Monitors.
• 6. Cables and Pixels.
• 7. Wireless Systems.
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3. Computers.
• Two Types:
– IBM Clone – Microsoft.
– Mac - Apple.
• Microsoft – Windows.
– 32 Bit Computer –
– 64 Bit Computer -
• completely backward compatible
• this means your 64 bit computer can do math with larger
numbers,
• be more efficient with smaller numbers.
refers to the way a computer's processor handles
information. 64-bit version handles large amounts of
RAM more effectively than a 32-bit system.
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4. CPU- Central Processor Unit
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5. Quad Core CPU – 4 CPU’s.
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6. Each Core -1 instruction at a time.
Cache -a special high-speed storage mechanism
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7. CPU on Motherboard.
CPU
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8. Motherboard
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9. Ball Mouse
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10. Optical Mouse -Internal
Use a White reflective surface for best results.
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11. Advantageous to Optical Mouse
• No moving parts means less wear and a lower
chance of failure.
• There's no way for dirt to get inside the mouse
and interfere with the tracking sensors.
• Increased tracking resolution means smoother
response.
• They don't require a special surface, such as a
mouse pad.
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12. USB Flash Drive
Some allow up to 100,000 write/erase cycles and 10 years
shelf storage time.
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13. RAM – Random Access Memory
RAM are considered volatile,
their state is lost or reset when
power is removed from the system
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14. “C” Hard Drive – Spinning Widget
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15. Hard drives are classified as:
– non-volatile, - retain the stored information even
when power is off.
– random access, - access information at any position in
a sequence in equal time, independent of size.
– digital, - data technology that uses discrete values, 1
and 0
– magnetic, - the storage of data on a magnetized
medium
– data storage devices. - a device for recording (storing)
information (data).
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16. Solid State Drive
No Moving Parts, simple replacement for spinning widget, silent, faster, shock resistant 16

17. Hard Drive - Comparison
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18. Blu-ray Disc Players
• is an optical disc storage medium:
– contain 25 GB per layer,
– with dual layer discs (50 GB) being the norm for feature-length video
discs.
– Triple layer discs (100 GB)
– quadruple layers (128 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives.
• The major application of Blu-ray Discs is as a medium for video
material such as feature films
• Blu-ray Disc - official release in June 2006.
• The name Blu-ray Disc refers to:
– the ‘blue laser’ used to read the disc,
– which allows information to be stored at a greater density
• than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs
Note : Disc = Optical Storage and Disk = Magnetic Storage
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19. DVD versus Blu-Ray
A DVD uses a 650 nm red laser
Blu-ray Disc uses a 405 nm "blue" laser diode.
Note that even though the laser is called "blue", its
color is actually in the violet range.
• The smaller beam focuses more precisely:
– thus enabling it to read information recorded in pits
that are less than half the size of those on a DVD,
– and can consequently be spaced more closely,
– resulting in a shorter track pitch,
– enabling a Blu-ray Disc to hold about five times the
amount of information that can be stored on a DVD.
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20. CD-DVD Player - Internal
Data Read/Write starts in near the center of the disk , works outward
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21. Regions for the Blu-ray Disc standard
Regions for the Blu-ray Disc standard:
A/1: The Americas ,East Asia and Southeast Asia.
B/2: Africa, Middle East, Southwest Asia, Europe , Australia, New Zealand.
C/3: Central Asia, East Asia , South Asia, Eastern Europe.
Blu-ray Disc players sold in a specific geographical region are designed to play only
discs authorized by the content provider for that region.
This is intended to permit content providers (motion picture studios, etc.) the ability to
support product differences in content, price, release date, etc., by region.
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22. ‘Printer’ Circuit Board
Control circuitry - is built into the printer to control all the
mechanical aspects of operation, as well as decode the
information sent to the printer from the computer.
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23. ink-jet Printer
• Sprays ink at a sheet of paper.
– produce high-quality text and graphics.
• Is any printer that places extremely small droplets of ink
onto paper to create an image.
– The dots are extremely small
• between 50 and 60 microns in diameter,
– so small that they are tinier than the diameter of a human hair
• 70 microns
• The dots are positioned very precisely, with resolutions of
up to 1440x720 dots per inch (dpi).
• The dots can have different colors combined together to
create photo-quality images.
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24. Printer - Heat vs. Vibration
• Inkjet printers form their droplets of ink in different
ways.
• Thermal bubble - Canon , Hewlett Packard, referred to
as bubble jet. = Heat
– tiny resistors create heat, and this heat vaporizes ink to
create a bubble.
– As the bubble expands, some of the ink is pushed out of a
nozzle onto the paper.
– When the bubble "pops" (collapses), a vacuum is created.
• This pulls more ink into the print head from the cartridge.
– A typical bubble jet print head has 300 or 600 tiny nozzles,
• all of them can fire a droplet simultaneously.
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25. Piezoelectric Printer
• - Epson -uses piezo crystals. = Vibration
• A crystal is located at the back of the ink reservoir
of each nozzle.
• The crystal receives a tiny electric charge that
causes it to vibrate.
• When the crystal vibrates inward, it forces a tiny
amount of ink out of the nozzle.
• When it vibrates out, it pulls some more ink into
the reservoir to replace the ink sprayed out.
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26. Buying a Printer
• Look for a Printer with 4 to 6 Cartridges.
• Check the Specifications for:
– Speed of Printing
– Cost per page ;
• Black & White versus Color
– Cartridge replacement costs
– Warranty
• How long
• What if.
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27. Desktop Power Supply
Easily Replaced when it has failed.
115 Volts AC Input - 5-12 Volts DC Output
On- Off
Switch
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28. Laptop Power Supply
Always use the OEM for your laptop. Not all the same.
Power Cord
115 V AC
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29. Qwerty Keyboard –
The U.S. keyboard has 101 keys, while the keyboards for other countries have 102 keys
most versatile device used for direct (human) input into computers. (HID)
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30. Monitors
• The monitor displays the computer's user
interface and open programs.
– allowing the user to interact with the computer,.
• Older computer monitors were built using:
– cathode ray tubes (CRTs),
• rather heavy
• take up a lot of desk space.
• Most modern monitors are built using LCD
technology and are commonly referred to as:
– flat screen displays.
– thin monitors take up much less space
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31. Monitor Types
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Flat Screen Monitor
Two Types of Flat Screen Monitors.
1. DVI - better - higher quality - signal to stay in a digital form through its
travels from the graphics card to the monitor. (Digital Visual Interface)
2. VGA - signals converted from digital form into analog, through the cable
connecting to the monitor, then enters the monitor where it is
converted back to digital. This allows for noise and data loss to occur.
Screen Saver Not required for any Monitors. Screen Savers eat up RAM resources.
(Video Graphics Array)
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32. VGA Monitor Cable –
- Video Graphics Array.
ferrite cores. - ensure that the cable prevents image ghosting and is insusceptible to noise.
800 × 600 pixel resolution. (15 Pin HD)
Male Female
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33. DVI
A video interface standard designed to provide
very high visual quality on digital display
devices such as:
flat panel LCD computer displays
digital projectors
• It is partially compatible with the High-
Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
standard
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34. DVI Monitor Cables
Digital Visual Interface
1920x1080 pixel resolution
1920x1080 image
2048x1536 image
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35. DVI Types
(Digital Visual Interface )
• transmit uncompressed digital video and can
be configured to support multiple modes such
as:
– DVI-D (digital only),
– DVI-A (analog only), or
– DVI-I (digital and analog).
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36. USB Cables
(Universal Serial Bus) Max 127 Devices. USB1,2,3.
Symbol for USB Connection
4 Pin Cable Ends
USB - A USB-B
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37. Ethernet Cable – Cat 5E (8 pin)
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38. HDMI Cables
(High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
A/V Uncompressed Digital Data (19 pin)
a compact audio/video cable for transferring
encrypted uncompressed digital audio/video data from a HDMI-
compliant device to a compatible digital audio device, computer
monitor, video projector, and digital television. 38

39. Pixels
• a pixel (or picture element) is a single point in a
Screen displayed image.
– the smallest addressable screen element;
– the smallest unit of a picture that can be controlled.
• Pixels are often represented using dots or
squares.
• The intensity of each pixel is variable.
• A color is typically represented by three or four
component intensities such as:
– red, green, and blue,
– cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
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40. Pixels - Displayed
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41. Router – Wireless Router
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42. Wireless Router w/3 Antenna
Range- 2X 802.11G
230 ft. indoors; 820 ft. outdoors
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43. Wireless Terminology
• IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards carrying out
wireless local area network (WLAN) computer
communication:
– a type of local area network that uses wireless
technology
– in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands.
– First 802.11b – 1999
– Second 802.11g – 2007
– Third 802.11n – 2009 – MIMO -
• multiple-input and multiple-output,
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44. MIMO-
Up to four data streams simultaneously
a sequence of digitally encoded coherent signals used to transmit or receive information
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Routers provide a Hardware
Firewall = Good

45. The End.
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