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MINTY GREENS
MINTY GREENS
MINTY GREENS
SPIRULINA: ANTI CANCER
Ann Hepatol. 2014 Mar-Apr;13(2):273-83.
Anti-cancer effects of blue-green alga Spirulina
platensis, a natural source of bilirubin-like
tetrapyrrolic compounds.
•1Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics,
1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech
Republic.
•2Institute of Biophysics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic.
•3Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
•4Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
•Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a blue-green alga used as a
dietary supplement because of its
hypocholesterolemic properties. Among its
tetrapyrrolic components substantially decreased
the proliferation of experimental pancreatic cancer.
These data support a chemopreventive role of this
edible alga.
LECITHIN :
DECREASE CARDIO VASCULAR RISK
J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5 Suppl):421S-427S;
discussion 440S-442S.
Dietary effects on cardiovascular disease risk
factors: beyond saturated fatty acids and
cholesterol.
Nicolosi RJ1, Wilson TA, Lawton C, Handelman GJ.
Author information
•1Department of Health and Clinical Science, Center For Chronic Disease Control and Prevention,
University of Massachusetts Lowell, 01854-5125, USA. Robert_Nicolosi@uml.edu
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia represents a significant risk for
cardiovascular disease (CVD). While diet intervention
remains the initial choice for the prevention and
treatment of CVD, the nature of the dietary
modification remains controversial These
interventions include soy protein, soluble fiber, soy
lecithin and plant sterols. This review also includes
some of the reported dietary interventions, such as
polyphenols, isoflavones, folic acid and vitamins B6
and B12, which reduce the risk of CVD without
changes in lipoprotein cholesterol.
ALFALFA: ANTICANCER
Nutr Cancer. 2014 Apr;66(3):483-91. doi:
10.1080/01635581.2014.884228. Epub 2014 Mar 14.
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Alfalfa
(Medicago sativa) Leaf Extracts in Sensitive and
Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells.
Gatouillat G1, Alabdul Magid A, Bertin E, Okiemy-
Akeli MG, Morjani H, Lavaud C, Madoulet C.
Author information
•1a Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire , Faculté de Pharmacie, URCA , Reims ,
France.
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has been used to cure a
wide variety of ailments. However, only a few studies
have reported its anticancer effects. In this study,
extracts were obtained from alfalfa leaves and their
cytotoxic effects were assessed on several sensitive
and multidrug-resistant tumor cells lines. These
results demonstrate that alfalfa leaf extract may have
interesting potential in cancer chemoprevention and
therapy.
OAT BRAN+ APPLE FIBER:
MULTIPLE HEALTH BENEFIT
Pharmacogn Rev. 2012 Jan;6(11):16-21.
doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.95853.
Fibrous drugs for curing various
common health problems.
Dakhara SL1, Anajwala CC, Selote VS.
Author information
•1Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhagwan Mahavir College of Pharmacy,
Surat, Gujarat, India.
Abstract
In the past 50 years, dietary fiber has become an increasingly
significant area of nutritional focus, debate, and research. Advances in
food production practices have resulted in more refined foods being
available and consumed across the world and particularly in developed
nations such as the US. While refined foods are typically more
palatable to consumers, the content of dietary fiber is greatly reduced.
Currently, many diseases are believed to be associated with a lack of
dietary fiber intake and, furthermore, significant health benefits are
thought possible via increased consumption of many dietary fibers.
There is no well accepted definition for dietary fiber, but most of the
references mention the inability of humans to fully digest fibers; most
others say about fibers being made of various monomer units of
variable length and some mention plant origin. There are many raw
materials/ingredients that can increase the fiber content in foods, each
with its own set of functional and sensory characteristics, including
acacia gum, beta-glucan, cellulose, chitin/chitosan, corn bran, corn
fiber, inulin, oat bran/oat fiber, pea fiber, pectin, polydextrose, psyllium,
resistant starch, rice bran, soy fibers, wheat bran, and wheat fiber. All
these fibers are unique in their functional capability for treatment of
number of diseases.
CHLORELLA : INCREASE IMMUNITY
Nutr J. 2012 Jul 31;11:53. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-53.
Beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella
supplementation: enhancement of natural killer cell activity and
early inflammatory response (randomized, double-blinded,
placebo-controlled trial).
Kwak JH1, Baek SH, Woo Y, Han JK, Kim BG, Kim OY, Lee JH.
Author information
•1Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei
University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that Chlorella is a
potent biological response modifier on immunity. However, there were
no direct evidences for the effect of Chlorella supplementation on
immune/inflammation response in healthy humans.
CONCLUSION:
These results may suggest a beneficial immunostimulatory effect of
short-term Chlorella supplementation which enhances the NK cell
activity and produces interferon-γ and interleukin-12 as well as
interleukin-1β, the Th-1 cell-induced cytokines in healthy people.
BETA GLUCANS FROM BARLEY DECREASE
OBESITY
Beta glucan: health benefits in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
El Khoury D1, Cuda C, Luhovyy BL, Anderson GH.
Author information
•1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2.
Abstract
Despite the lack of international agreement regarding the definition
and classification of fiber, there is established evidence on the role of
dietary fibers in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Beta glucan (β-
glucan) is a soluble fiber readily available from oat and barley grains
that has been gaining interest due to its multiple functional and
bioactive properties. Its beneficial role in insulin resistance,
dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity is being continuously
documented. The fermentability of β-glucans and their ability to form
highly viscous solutions in the human gut may constitute the basis of
their health benefits. Consequently, the applicability of β-glucan as a
food ingredient is being widely considered with the dual purposes of
increasing the fiber content of food products and enhancing their
health properties.
people.
MUNG BEANS DECREASE CHOLESTEROL
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2014 Feb 25. [Epub ahead of print]
Mung Bean Decreases Plasma Cholesterol by Up-regulation of
CYP7A1.
Yao Y1, Hao L, Shi Z, Wang L, Cheng X, Wang S, Ren G.
Author information
•1Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, No.80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing,
100081, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
Our results affirmed that supplementation of 1 or 2 % mung bean
could decrease plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol level.
Mung bean increased mRNA 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme
A reductase. Most importantly, mung bean increased not only the
protein level of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) but also mRNA
CYP7A1. It was concluded that the hypocholesterolemic activity of
mung bean was most probable mediated by enhancement of bile
acid excretion and up-regulation of CYP7A1.
ACEROLA SOURCE OF ANTI CANCER
ANTHOCYANINS
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(5):2379-81.
Anthocyanins: targeting of signaling networks in cancer cells.
Sehitoglu MH1, Farooqi AA, Qureshi MZ, Butt G, Aras A.
Author information
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart
University, Canakkale, Turkey E-mail : hilals@comu.edu.tr
ammadahmad638@yahoo.com.
Abstract
It is becoming progressively more understandable that
phytochemicals derived from edible plants have shown potential in
modelling their interactions with their target proteins. Rapidly
accumulating in-vitro and in- vivo evidence indicates that
anthocyanins have anticancer activity in rodent models of cancer.
More intriguingly, evaluation of bilberry anthocyanins as
chemopreventive agents in twenty-five colorectal cancer patients has
opened new window of opportunity in translating the findings from
laboratory to clinic. Confluence of information suggests that
anthocyanins treated cancer cells reveal up-regulation of tumor
suppressor genes. There is a successive increase in the research-
work in nutrigenomics and evidence has started to shed light on
intracellular-signaling cascades as common molecular targets for
anthocyanins. In this review we bring to limelight how anthocyanins
induced apoptosis in cancer cells via activation of extrinsic and
intrinsic pathways.
BEETROOT: CARDIO VASCULAR
PROTECTION
Br J Nutr. 2012 Dec 14;108(11):2066-74. doi:
10.1017/S0007114512000190. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
Blood pressure-lowering effects of beetroot juice and novel
beetroot-enriched bread products in normotensive male
subjects.
Hobbs DA1, Kaffa N, George TW, Methven L, Lovegrove JA.
Author information
1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and
Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The
University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berks
RG6 6AP, UK.
Abstract
A number of vegetables have a high nitrate content which after
ingestion can be reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria, and further to
vasoprotective NO endogenously. In the present study, two separate
randomly controlled, single-blind, cross-over, postprandial studies
were performed in normotensive volunteers These studies
demonstrated significant hypotensive effects of a low dose (100 g) of
beetroot which was unaffected by processing or the presence of
betacyanins. These data strengthen the evidence for cardioprotective
BP-lowering effects of dietary nitrate-rich vegetables.
MILK THISTLE: LIVER PROTECTION
J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Apr;3(2):88-94.
Recent Advances in the Herbal Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty
Liver Disease.
Xiao J1, Fai So K2, Liong EC3, Tipoe GL4.
Author information
J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Apr;3(2):88-94.
Recent Advances in the Herbal Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Xiao J1, Fai So K2, Liong EC3, Tipoe GL4.
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading
causes of chronic liver injury across the world. It is also strongly
related to other pathological conditions, including obesity, diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases, and symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
Pathogenesis of NAFLD remains not fully characterized but is
generally attributed to the occurrence of insulin resistance, lipid
metabolism dysfunction,0 oxidative stress, inflammation, and necro-
apoptosis.
Hundred of studies are available
GINGER: DIGESTIVE HEALTH INCLUDING
IMPROVE INSULIN SENSITIVITY
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]
The effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid
profile and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus.
Arablou T1, Aryaeian N, Valizadeh M, Sharifi F, Hosseini A, Djalali M.
Author information
1Department of Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and
Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran .
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of ginger consumption on
glycemic status, lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In a double-blinded,
placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 type 2 diabetic patients were
enrolled. They allocated randomly into ginger group and control
group. They consumed 1600 mg ginger versus 1600 mg wheat flour
placebo daily for 12 weeks. Serum sugar, lipids, CRP, PGE2 and
TNFα were measured before and after intervention. Results: Ginger
reduced fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, insulin, HOMA, triglyceride,
total cholesterol, CRP and PGE2 significantly compared with placebo
group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in HDL, LDL
and TNFα between two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Ginger
improved insulin sensitivity and some fractions of lipid profile, and
reduced CRP and PGE2 in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore ginger
can be considered as an effective treatment for prevention of
diabetes complications.
POMEGRANATE: MULTIPLE PROPERTIES IN
DIGESTIVE HEALTH
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:247145. doi:
10.1155/2013/247145. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
A review on the anti-inflammatory activity of pomegranate in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Colombo E1, Sangiovanni E, Dell'agli M.
Author information
•1Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, Milano, Italy.
Abstract
Several biological activities of pomegranate have been widely described in the
literature, but the anti-inflammatory effect in the gastrointestinal tract has not
been reviewed till now. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the
evidence for or against the efficacy of pomegranate for coping with
inflammatory conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract. The paper has been
organized in three parts: (1) the first one is devoted to the modifications of
pomegranate active compounds in the gastro-intestinal tract; (2) the second
one considering the literature regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of
pomegranate at gastric level; (3) the third part considers the anti-inflammatory
effect of pomegranate in the gut. In vivo studies performed on the whole fruit or
juice, peel, and flowers demonstrate antiulcer effect in a variety of animal
models. Ellagic acid was the main responsible for this effect, although other
individual ellagitannins could contribute to the biological activity of the mixture.
Different preparations of pomegranate, including extracts from peels, flowers,
seeds, and juice, show a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. No
clinical studies have been found, thus suggesting that future clinical studies are
necessary to clarify the beneficial effects of pomegranate in the gastrointestinal
tract.
CURCUMIN: MANY ANTI CANCER
PROPERTIES INCLUDING COLON
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:247145. doi: Cancer Prev
Res (Phila). 2014 Apr;7(4):466-74. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0387.
Epub 2014 Feb 18.
Curcumin Suppresses Proliferation of Colon Cancer Cells by Targeting
CDK2.
Lim TG1, Lee SY, Huang Z, Lim do Y, Chen H, Jung SK, Bode AM, Lee KW,
Dong Z.
Author information
•1University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912. Phone:
507-437-9600; Fax: 507-437-9606; zgdong@hi.umn.edu; and Ki Won Lee,
Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kiwon@snu.ac.kr.
Abstract
Curcumin, the yellow pigment of turmeric found in Southeast Indian food, is one
of the most popular phytochemicals for cancer prevention. Numerous reports
have demonstrated modulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways by
curcumin and its molecular targets in various cancer cell lines. To identify a new
molecular target of curcumin, we used shape screening and reverse docking to
screen the Protein Data Bank against curcumin. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
(CDK2), a major cell-cycle protein, was identified as a potential molecular target
of curcumin. Indeed, in vitro and ex vivo kinase assay data revealed a dramatic
suppressive effect of curcumin on CDK2 kinase activity. Furthermore, curcumin
induced G1 cell-cycle arrest, which is regulated by CDK2 in HCT116 cells.
Although the expression levels of CDK2 and its regulatory subunit, cyclin E,
were not changed, the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb), a well-known
CDK2 substrate, was reduced by curcumin. Because curcumin induced cell-
cycle arrest, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of curcumin on HCT116
colon cancer cells. In this experiment, curcumin suppressed HCT116 cell
proliferation effectively. To determine whether CDK2 is a direct target of
curcumin, CDK2 expression was knocked down in HCT116 cells. As expected,
HCT116 sh-CDK2 cells exhibited G1 arrest and reduced proliferation. Because
of the low levels of CDK2 in HCT116 sh-CDK2 cells, the effects of curcumin on
G1 arrest and cell proliferation were not substantially relative to HCT116 sh-
control cells. From these results, we identified CDK2 as a direct target of
curcumin in colon cancer cells. Cancer Prev Res; 7(4); 466-74. ©2014 AACR.
10.1155/2013/247145. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
CARROT, TOMATO, SPINACH BROCCOLI
RICH IN VIT C AND ANTI OXYDANTS
[Vitamin C in fruits and vegetables].
[Article in Russian]
Kosheleva OV, Kodentsova VM.
Abstract
Strong opinion about reducing vitamin C content in traditional cultivars of fruits
and vegetables as a result of intensive farming practices, on the one hand, and
depletion of soil, waste of fertilizers, on the other hand, takes place. The aim of
the study was to assess changes in vitamin C content in fresh vegetables, fruits
and berries from the 40s of last century to the present. Available national and
foreign data from official tables of the chemical composition tables published in
different years, including the most typical values, based on the results
conducted in a number of research institutes, laboratories and university
departments, as well as some original investigations and unpublished own
results were used to analyze possible changes of vitamin C content in fruits and
vegetables. For comparison we take into consideration only results from the
most common and affordable since the last century method of visual titration,
which has a relative error of 20%. Analysis of vitamin C content conducted
according 5-58 studies from the 40s of the last century to the present, for 32
types of greens and vegetables (potatoes, various types of cabbage and onion,
garlic, carrot, turnip, tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, squash, peas, turnip,
garden radish, parsnip, rhubarb, parsley, dill, lettuce, onion, spinach, sorrel),
and according to 6-50 studies of 24 sorts of fruits (apple, pear, mandarin,
orange, lemon, grapefruit, pineapple, banana, watermelon, cantaloupe, grapes,
peach, apricot, plum, cherry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry,
blackberry, gooseberry, black currant, red and white) has been done. It was
found that the average content of vitamin varies slightly. Deviations from the
average for all the years of research do not exceed the standard deviation.
Analysis of longitudinal data did not confirm a vitamin C decrease. This means
that vitamin value C of fruits and vegetables remains approximately constant,
due to the successful selection of new varieties with increased vitamin value.
Thus, the view of reducing the C-vitamin value in cultivars produce proved
unfounded.
ASTRAGALUS: ANTIFATIGUE
Molecules. 2014 Mar 3;19(3):2793-807. doi: 10.3390/molecules19032793.
Astragalus membranaceus improves exercise performance and
ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue in trained mice.
Yeh TS1, Chuang HL2, Huang WC3, Chen YM4, Huang CC5, Hsu MC6.
Author information
1School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
2National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan.
3Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan
33301, Taiwan.
4Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
5Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
john5523@ntsu.edu.tw.
6Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
meichich@kmu.edu.tw.
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a popular "Qi-tonifying" herb with a long
history of use as a Traditional Chinese Medicine with multiple biological
functions. However, evidence for the effects of AM on exercise performance
and physical fatigue is limited. We evaluated the potential beneficial effects of
AM on ergogenic and anti-fatigue functions following physiological challenge.
Male ICR strain mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 per group)
for treatment: (1) sedentary control and vehicle treatment (vehicle control); (2)
exercise training with vehicle treatment (exercise control); and (3) exercise
training with AM treatment at 0.615 g/kg/day (Ex-AM1) or (4) 3.075 g/kg/day
(Ex-AM5). Both the vehicle and AM were orally administered for 6 weeks.
Exercise performance and anti-fatigue function were evaluated by forelimb grip
strength, exhaustive swimming time, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia,
glucose, and creatine kinase after 15-min swimming exercise. Exercise training
combined with AM supplementation increased endurance exercise capacity and
increased hepatic and muscle glycogen content. AM reduced exercise-induced
accumulation of the byproducts blood lactate and ammonia with acute exercise
challenge. Moreover, we found no deleterious effects from AM treatment.
Therefore, AM supplementation improved exercise performance and had anti-
fatigue effects in mice. It may be an effective ergogenic aid in exercise training.
GREEN TEA AND GRAPE SEED EXTRACTS
ANTI ATHEROSCLEROTIC THERAPY
Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2013 Apr;8(1):56-66.
Anti-atherosclerotic therapy based on botanicals.
Orekhov AN1, Sobenin IA, Korneev NV, Kirichenko TV, Myasoedova VA, Melnichenko
AA, Balcells M, Edelman ER, Bobryshev YV.
Author information
•1Institute for Atherosclerosis Research of Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract
Natural products including botanicals for both therapy of clinical manifestations of
atherosclerosis and reduction of atherosclerosis risk factors are topics of recent patents.
Only a few recent patents are relevant to the direct antiatherosclerotic therapy leading to
regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier, using a cellular model we have developed
and patented several anti-atherosclerotic drugs. The AMAR (Atherosclerosis Monitoring
and Atherogenicity Reduction) study was designed to estimate the effect of two-year
treatment with time-released garlic-based drug Allicor on the progression of carotid
atherosclerosis in 196 asymptomatic men aged 40-74 in double-blinded placebo-
controlled randomized clinical study. The primary outcome was the rate of
atherosclerosis progression, measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography as
the increase in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of the far wall of common carotid
arteries. The mean rate of IMT changes in Allicor-treated group (-0.022±0.007 mm per
year) was significantly different (P = 0.002) from the placebo group in which there was a
moderate progression of 0.015±0.008 mm at the overall mean baseline IMT of
0.931±0.009 mm. A significant correlation was found between the changes in blood
serum atherogenicity (the ability of serum to induce cholesterol accumulation in cultured
cells) during the study and the changes in intima-media thickness of common carotid
arteries (r = 0.144, P = 0.045). Thus, the results of AMAR study demonstrate that long-
term treatment with Allicor has a direct anti-atherosclerotic effect on carotid
atherosclerosis and this effect is likely to be due to serum atherogenicity inhibition. The
beneficial effects of other botanicals including Inflaminat (calendula, elder and violet),
phytoestrogen- rich Karinat (garlic powder, extract of grape seeds, green tea leafs,
hop cones, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) on atherosclerosis have also
been revealed in clinical studies which enforces a view that botanicals might represent
promising drugs for anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
LUTEIN BLUEBERRY AND
ELDERBERRY MAY PREVENT /RETARD AGE
MACULAR DEGENERATION
J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:901686. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular
Degeneration Prevention?
Pinazo-Durán MD1, Gómez-Ulla F2, Arias L3, Araiz J4, Casaroli-Marano
R5, Gallego-Pinazo R6, García-Medina JJ7, López-Gálvez MI8,
Manzanas L9, Salas A10, Zapata M11, Diaz-Llopis M12, García-Layana
A13.
Author information
Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age
macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX)
and omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention.
Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular
mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the
effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific
evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the
Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of
ω -3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower
risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease
study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C,
E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to
advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late
AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may
substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with
increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that
elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3
micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are
more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation
enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might
prevent/retard/modify AMD.
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MINTY GREENS EXCELLENT TASTING ANTI OXIDANT POWDER

  • 1. Company LOGO Minty Greens Richard Clement Nutrition and Be Well www.richardclement.com 1-877-438-3042
  • 5. SPIRULINA: ANTI CANCER Ann Hepatol. 2014 Mar-Apr;13(2):273-83. Anti-cancer effects of blue-green alga Spirulina platensis, a natural source of bilirubin-like tetrapyrrolic compounds. •1Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. •2Institute of Biophysics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. •3Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. •4Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. •Abstract Spirulina platensis is a blue-green alga used as a dietary supplement because of its hypocholesterolemic properties. Among its tetrapyrrolic components substantially decreased the proliferation of experimental pancreatic cancer. These data support a chemopreventive role of this edible alga.
  • 6. LECITHIN : DECREASE CARDIO VASCULAR RISK J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5 Suppl):421S-427S; discussion 440S-442S. Dietary effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors: beyond saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Nicolosi RJ1, Wilson TA, Lawton C, Handelman GJ. Author information •1Department of Health and Clinical Science, Center For Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 01854-5125, USA. Robert_Nicolosi@uml.edu Abstract Hypercholesterolemia represents a significant risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While diet intervention remains the initial choice for the prevention and treatment of CVD, the nature of the dietary modification remains controversial These interventions include soy protein, soluble fiber, soy lecithin and plant sterols. This review also includes some of the reported dietary interventions, such as polyphenols, isoflavones, folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12, which reduce the risk of CVD without changes in lipoprotein cholesterol.
  • 7. ALFALFA: ANTICANCER Nutr Cancer. 2014 Apr;66(3):483-91. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2014.884228. Epub 2014 Mar 14. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Leaf Extracts in Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells. Gatouillat G1, Alabdul Magid A, Bertin E, Okiemy- Akeli MG, Morjani H, Lavaud C, Madoulet C. Author information •1a Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire , Faculté de Pharmacie, URCA , Reims , France. Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has been used to cure a wide variety of ailments. However, only a few studies have reported its anticancer effects. In this study, extracts were obtained from alfalfa leaves and their cytotoxic effects were assessed on several sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumor cells lines. These results demonstrate that alfalfa leaf extract may have interesting potential in cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
  • 8. OAT BRAN+ APPLE FIBER: MULTIPLE HEALTH BENEFIT Pharmacogn Rev. 2012 Jan;6(11):16-21. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.95853. Fibrous drugs for curing various common health problems. Dakhara SL1, Anajwala CC, Selote VS. Author information •1Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhagwan Mahavir College of Pharmacy, Surat, Gujarat, India. Abstract In the past 50 years, dietary fiber has become an increasingly significant area of nutritional focus, debate, and research. Advances in food production practices have resulted in more refined foods being available and consumed across the world and particularly in developed nations such as the US. While refined foods are typically more palatable to consumers, the content of dietary fiber is greatly reduced. Currently, many diseases are believed to be associated with a lack of dietary fiber intake and, furthermore, significant health benefits are thought possible via increased consumption of many dietary fibers. There is no well accepted definition for dietary fiber, but most of the references mention the inability of humans to fully digest fibers; most others say about fibers being made of various monomer units of variable length and some mention plant origin. There are many raw materials/ingredients that can increase the fiber content in foods, each with its own set of functional and sensory characteristics, including acacia gum, beta-glucan, cellulose, chitin/chitosan, corn bran, corn fiber, inulin, oat bran/oat fiber, pea fiber, pectin, polydextrose, psyllium, resistant starch, rice bran, soy fibers, wheat bran, and wheat fiber. All these fibers are unique in their functional capability for treatment of number of diseases.
  • 9. CHLORELLA : INCREASE IMMUNITY Nutr J. 2012 Jul 31;11:53. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-53. Beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella supplementation: enhancement of natural killer cell activity and early inflammatory response (randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial). Kwak JH1, Baek SH, Woo Y, Han JK, Kim BG, Kim OY, Lee JH. Author information •1Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. Abstract BACKGROUND: In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that Chlorella is a potent biological response modifier on immunity. However, there were no direct evidences for the effect of Chlorella supplementation on immune/inflammation response in healthy humans. CONCLUSION: These results may suggest a beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella supplementation which enhances the NK cell activity and produces interferon-γ and interleukin-12 as well as interleukin-1β, the Th-1 cell-induced cytokines in healthy people.
  • 10. BETA GLUCANS FROM BARLEY DECREASE OBESITY Beta glucan: health benefits in obesity and metabolic syndrome. El Khoury D1, Cuda C, Luhovyy BL, Anderson GH. Author information •1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2. Abstract Despite the lack of international agreement regarding the definition and classification of fiber, there is established evidence on the role of dietary fibers in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Beta glucan (β- glucan) is a soluble fiber readily available from oat and barley grains that has been gaining interest due to its multiple functional and bioactive properties. Its beneficial role in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity is being continuously documented. The fermentability of β-glucans and their ability to form highly viscous solutions in the human gut may constitute the basis of their health benefits. Consequently, the applicability of β-glucan as a food ingredient is being widely considered with the dual purposes of increasing the fiber content of food products and enhancing their health properties. people.
  • 11. MUNG BEANS DECREASE CHOLESTEROL Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2014 Feb 25. [Epub ahead of print] Mung Bean Decreases Plasma Cholesterol by Up-regulation of CYP7A1. Yao Y1, Hao L, Shi Z, Wang L, Cheng X, Wang S, Ren G. Author information •1Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. Abstract Our results affirmed that supplementation of 1 or 2 % mung bean could decrease plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol level. Mung bean increased mRNA 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Most importantly, mung bean increased not only the protein level of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) but also mRNA CYP7A1. It was concluded that the hypocholesterolemic activity of mung bean was most probable mediated by enhancement of bile acid excretion and up-regulation of CYP7A1.
  • 12. ACEROLA SOURCE OF ANTI CANCER ANTHOCYANINS Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(5):2379-81. Anthocyanins: targeting of signaling networks in cancer cells. Sehitoglu MH1, Farooqi AA, Qureshi MZ, Butt G, Aras A. Author information 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey E-mail : hilals@comu.edu.tr ammadahmad638@yahoo.com. Abstract It is becoming progressively more understandable that phytochemicals derived from edible plants have shown potential in modelling their interactions with their target proteins. Rapidly accumulating in-vitro and in- vivo evidence indicates that anthocyanins have anticancer activity in rodent models of cancer. More intriguingly, evaluation of bilberry anthocyanins as chemopreventive agents in twenty-five colorectal cancer patients has opened new window of opportunity in translating the findings from laboratory to clinic. Confluence of information suggests that anthocyanins treated cancer cells reveal up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes. There is a successive increase in the research- work in nutrigenomics and evidence has started to shed light on intracellular-signaling cascades as common molecular targets for anthocyanins. In this review we bring to limelight how anthocyanins induced apoptosis in cancer cells via activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
  • 13. BEETROOT: CARDIO VASCULAR PROTECTION Br J Nutr. 2012 Dec 14;108(11):2066-74. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512000190. Epub 2012 Mar 14. Blood pressure-lowering effects of beetroot juice and novel beetroot-enriched bread products in normotensive male subjects. Hobbs DA1, Kaffa N, George TW, Methven L, Lovegrove JA. Author information 1Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK. Abstract A number of vegetables have a high nitrate content which after ingestion can be reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria, and further to vasoprotective NO endogenously. In the present study, two separate randomly controlled, single-blind, cross-over, postprandial studies were performed in normotensive volunteers These studies demonstrated significant hypotensive effects of a low dose (100 g) of beetroot which was unaffected by processing or the presence of betacyanins. These data strengthen the evidence for cardioprotective BP-lowering effects of dietary nitrate-rich vegetables.
  • 14. MILK THISTLE: LIVER PROTECTION J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Apr;3(2):88-94. Recent Advances in the Herbal Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Xiao J1, Fai So K2, Liong EC3, Tipoe GL4. Author information J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Apr;3(2):88-94. Recent Advances in the Herbal Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Xiao J1, Fai So K2, Liong EC3, Tipoe GL4. Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver injury across the world. It is also strongly related to other pathological conditions, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Pathogenesis of NAFLD remains not fully characterized but is generally attributed to the occurrence of insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction,0 oxidative stress, inflammation, and necro- apoptosis. Hundred of studies are available
  • 15. GINGER: DIGESTIVE HEALTH INCLUDING IMPROVE INSULIN SENSITIVITY Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print] The effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arablou T1, Aryaeian N, Valizadeh M, Sharifi F, Hosseini A, Djalali M. Author information 1Department of Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . Abstract Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled. They allocated randomly into ginger group and control group. They consumed 1600 mg ginger versus 1600 mg wheat flour placebo daily for 12 weeks. Serum sugar, lipids, CRP, PGE2 and TNFα were measured before and after intervention. Results: Ginger reduced fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, insulin, HOMA, triglyceride, total cholesterol, CRP and PGE2 significantly compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in HDL, LDL and TNFα between two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Ginger improved insulin sensitivity and some fractions of lipid profile, and reduced CRP and PGE2 in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore ginger can be considered as an effective treatment for prevention of diabetes complications.
  • 16. POMEGRANATE: MULTIPLE PROPERTIES IN DIGESTIVE HEALTH Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:247145. doi: 10.1155/2013/247145. Epub 2013 Mar 14. A review on the anti-inflammatory activity of pomegranate in the gastrointestinal tract. Colombo E1, Sangiovanni E, Dell'agli M. Author information •1Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, Milano, Italy. Abstract Several biological activities of pomegranate have been widely described in the literature, but the anti-inflammatory effect in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reviewed till now. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the evidence for or against the efficacy of pomegranate for coping with inflammatory conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract. The paper has been organized in three parts: (1) the first one is devoted to the modifications of pomegranate active compounds in the gastro-intestinal tract; (2) the second one considering the literature regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate at gastric level; (3) the third part considers the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate in the gut. In vivo studies performed on the whole fruit or juice, peel, and flowers demonstrate antiulcer effect in a variety of animal models. Ellagic acid was the main responsible for this effect, although other individual ellagitannins could contribute to the biological activity of the mixture. Different preparations of pomegranate, including extracts from peels, flowers, seeds, and juice, show a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. No clinical studies have been found, thus suggesting that future clinical studies are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects of pomegranate in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • 17. CURCUMIN: MANY ANTI CANCER PROPERTIES INCLUDING COLON Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:247145. doi: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2014 Apr;7(4):466-74. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0387. Epub 2014 Feb 18. Curcumin Suppresses Proliferation of Colon Cancer Cells by Targeting CDK2. Lim TG1, Lee SY, Huang Z, Lim do Y, Chen H, Jung SK, Bode AM, Lee KW, Dong Z. Author information •1University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912. Phone: 507-437-9600; Fax: 507-437-9606; zgdong@hi.umn.edu; and Ki Won Lee, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. kiwon@snu.ac.kr. Abstract Curcumin, the yellow pigment of turmeric found in Southeast Indian food, is one of the most popular phytochemicals for cancer prevention. Numerous reports have demonstrated modulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways by curcumin and its molecular targets in various cancer cell lines. To identify a new molecular target of curcumin, we used shape screening and reverse docking to screen the Protein Data Bank against curcumin. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a major cell-cycle protein, was identified as a potential molecular target of curcumin. Indeed, in vitro and ex vivo kinase assay data revealed a dramatic suppressive effect of curcumin on CDK2 kinase activity. Furthermore, curcumin induced G1 cell-cycle arrest, which is regulated by CDK2 in HCT116 cells. Although the expression levels of CDK2 and its regulatory subunit, cyclin E, were not changed, the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb), a well-known CDK2 substrate, was reduced by curcumin. Because curcumin induced cell- cycle arrest, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of curcumin on HCT116 colon cancer cells. In this experiment, curcumin suppressed HCT116 cell proliferation effectively. To determine whether CDK2 is a direct target of curcumin, CDK2 expression was knocked down in HCT116 cells. As expected, HCT116 sh-CDK2 cells exhibited G1 arrest and reduced proliferation. Because of the low levels of CDK2 in HCT116 sh-CDK2 cells, the effects of curcumin on G1 arrest and cell proliferation were not substantially relative to HCT116 sh- control cells. From these results, we identified CDK2 as a direct target of curcumin in colon cancer cells. Cancer Prev Res; 7(4); 466-74. ©2014 AACR. 10.1155/2013/247145. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
  • 18. CARROT, TOMATO, SPINACH BROCCOLI RICH IN VIT C AND ANTI OXYDANTS [Vitamin C in fruits and vegetables]. [Article in Russian] Kosheleva OV, Kodentsova VM. Abstract Strong opinion about reducing vitamin C content in traditional cultivars of fruits and vegetables as a result of intensive farming practices, on the one hand, and depletion of soil, waste of fertilizers, on the other hand, takes place. The aim of the study was to assess changes in vitamin C content in fresh vegetables, fruits and berries from the 40s of last century to the present. Available national and foreign data from official tables of the chemical composition tables published in different years, including the most typical values, based on the results conducted in a number of research institutes, laboratories and university departments, as well as some original investigations and unpublished own results were used to analyze possible changes of vitamin C content in fruits and vegetables. For comparison we take into consideration only results from the most common and affordable since the last century method of visual titration, which has a relative error of 20%. Analysis of vitamin C content conducted according 5-58 studies from the 40s of the last century to the present, for 32 types of greens and vegetables (potatoes, various types of cabbage and onion, garlic, carrot, turnip, tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, squash, peas, turnip, garden radish, parsnip, rhubarb, parsley, dill, lettuce, onion, spinach, sorrel), and according to 6-50 studies of 24 sorts of fruits (apple, pear, mandarin, orange, lemon, grapefruit, pineapple, banana, watermelon, cantaloupe, grapes, peach, apricot, plum, cherry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, gooseberry, black currant, red and white) has been done. It was found that the average content of vitamin varies slightly. Deviations from the average for all the years of research do not exceed the standard deviation. Analysis of longitudinal data did not confirm a vitamin C decrease. This means that vitamin value C of fruits and vegetables remains approximately constant, due to the successful selection of new varieties with increased vitamin value. Thus, the view of reducing the C-vitamin value in cultivars produce proved unfounded.
  • 19. ASTRAGALUS: ANTIFATIGUE Molecules. 2014 Mar 3;19(3):2793-807. doi: 10.3390/molecules19032793. Astragalus membranaceus improves exercise performance and ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue in trained mice. Yeh TS1, Chuang HL2, Huang WC3, Chen YM4, Huang CC5, Hsu MC6. Author information 1School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. 2National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. 3Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan. 4Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan. 5Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan. john5523@ntsu.edu.tw. 6Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. meichich@kmu.edu.tw. Abstract Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a popular "Qi-tonifying" herb with a long history of use as a Traditional Chinese Medicine with multiple biological functions. However, evidence for the effects of AM on exercise performance and physical fatigue is limited. We evaluated the potential beneficial effects of AM on ergogenic and anti-fatigue functions following physiological challenge. Male ICR strain mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 per group) for treatment: (1) sedentary control and vehicle treatment (vehicle control); (2) exercise training with vehicle treatment (exercise control); and (3) exercise training with AM treatment at 0.615 g/kg/day (Ex-AM1) or (4) 3.075 g/kg/day (Ex-AM5). Both the vehicle and AM were orally administered for 6 weeks. Exercise performance and anti-fatigue function were evaluated by forelimb grip strength, exhaustive swimming time, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase after 15-min swimming exercise. Exercise training combined with AM supplementation increased endurance exercise capacity and increased hepatic and muscle glycogen content. AM reduced exercise-induced accumulation of the byproducts blood lactate and ammonia with acute exercise challenge. Moreover, we found no deleterious effects from AM treatment. Therefore, AM supplementation improved exercise performance and had anti- fatigue effects in mice. It may be an effective ergogenic aid in exercise training.
  • 20. GREEN TEA AND GRAPE SEED EXTRACTS ANTI ATHEROSCLEROTIC THERAPY Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2013 Apr;8(1):56-66. Anti-atherosclerotic therapy based on botanicals. Orekhov AN1, Sobenin IA, Korneev NV, Kirichenko TV, Myasoedova VA, Melnichenko AA, Balcells M, Edelman ER, Bobryshev YV. Author information •1Institute for Atherosclerosis Research of Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia. Abstract Natural products including botanicals for both therapy of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis and reduction of atherosclerosis risk factors are topics of recent patents. Only a few recent patents are relevant to the direct antiatherosclerotic therapy leading to regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier, using a cellular model we have developed and patented several anti-atherosclerotic drugs. The AMAR (Atherosclerosis Monitoring and Atherogenicity Reduction) study was designed to estimate the effect of two-year treatment with time-released garlic-based drug Allicor on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in 196 asymptomatic men aged 40-74 in double-blinded placebo- controlled randomized clinical study. The primary outcome was the rate of atherosclerosis progression, measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography as the increase in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of the far wall of common carotid arteries. The mean rate of IMT changes in Allicor-treated group (-0.022±0.007 mm per year) was significantly different (P = 0.002) from the placebo group in which there was a moderate progression of 0.015±0.008 mm at the overall mean baseline IMT of 0.931±0.009 mm. A significant correlation was found between the changes in blood serum atherogenicity (the ability of serum to induce cholesterol accumulation in cultured cells) during the study and the changes in intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (r = 0.144, P = 0.045). Thus, the results of AMAR study demonstrate that long- term treatment with Allicor has a direct anti-atherosclerotic effect on carotid atherosclerosis and this effect is likely to be due to serum atherogenicity inhibition. The beneficial effects of other botanicals including Inflaminat (calendula, elder and violet), phytoestrogen- rich Karinat (garlic powder, extract of grape seeds, green tea leafs, hop cones, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) on atherosclerosis have also been revealed in clinical studies which enforces a view that botanicals might represent promising drugs for anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
  • 21. LUTEIN BLUEBERRY AND ELDERBERRY MAY PREVENT /RETARD AGE MACULAR DEGENERATION J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:901686. Epub 2014 Jan 23. Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention? Pinazo-Durán MD1, Gómez-Ulla F2, Arias L3, Araiz J4, Casaroli-Marano R5, Gallego-Pinazo R6, García-Medina JJ7, López-Gálvez MI8, Manzanas L9, Salas A10, Zapata M11, Diaz-Llopis M12, García-Layana A13. Author information Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω -3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.
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