Day 6 presentation for Bio2

2.  Responsible in regulating physiological
processes and adjustments in
metabolism, fluid balance, growth and
reproduction.
› Works closely with the Nervous System.
 The study of the Endocrine System is called
Endocrinology.

3. Hormones – chemical messengers
produced and secreted by endocrine
glands responsible for the regulation of
body processes. They stimulate specific
tissues to do processes.

4.  Fatty acid derivatives
 Steroid hormones
 Amino acid derivatives
 Peptide hormones

5. › Some hormones enter the cell and activate
genes
› Many hormones act by signal transduction

6.  Epinephrin – causes adrenaline rush
 Angiotensin – causes vasoconstriction
 Angiotensinogen – causes
vasoconstriction
 Calcitonin – reduces blood Ca2+
 Cholecystokinin – release of bile and
digestive enzymes from the pancreas

7.  Gastrin – stimulates the release of gastric
juices
 Ghrelin – stimulates appetite
 Glucagon – increases blood glucose
 Growth Hormone – stimulates growth
and cell production
 Insulin – lowers blood glucose

8.  Leptin – lowers appetite, increases
metabolism
 Orexin – stimulates awakeness
 Parathyroid hormone – increases blood
Ca2+
 Testosterone – libido, increase in muscle
mass and strength

9.  Responsible for defending the body from
foreign materials that cause
diseases, called pathogens.
› Immunology is the study of the Immune
System.
› Vertebrates are special because they have
WBCs that are specialized in carrying out
immune responses.

10.  Antigens – causes the production of the
antibodies
 Antibodies – identifies and neutralizes
foreign materials like bacteria or viruses

12.  Lysozyme
 Cytokines
 Interferons
 Macrophages
 Interleukins
 Phagocytes

13.  Body’s response to pathogen invasion or
physical injury.
› Mast cells
› Edema, or swelling
› fever

14.  Antibody-mediated
 Cell-mediated

15.  Phagocytes
› Neutrophils
› macrophages
 Lymphocytes
› T cells
› B cells
› NK cells

16.  A very complicated process involving
antibodies. Takes two to three days to
discuss. We’ll skip this.

17.  Active immunity
 Passive immunity

19.  Asexual
 Sexual

20.  Budding
 Fragmentation
 Parthenogenesis

21.  Internal Fertilization
 Hermaphroditism

22.  Sperm
 Scrotum
 Epididymis
 Vas deferens
 Ejaculatory duct
 Seminal Vesicles
 Bulbourethral gland
 Penis

23.  Egg
 Follicle
 Oviduct
 Uterus
 Endometrium
 Vagina