1. Department of
Civil Engineering
AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY
OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1

2. This Presentation is done as a requirement of a Sessional
Course-
CE-452
TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING SESSIONAL II
2

3. To engineer transport mode or traffic system the most important factors are-
1.The available traffic volume and its capacity,
2.The necessary speed of vehicles to provide continuous
traffic maneuvers,
3.The different parameters that controls and effects
roadway conditions.
So basic study area should be comprised of as follows :-
3

4. In this case, our study subject is ----------
Traffic Volume
Study
4

5. This will be presented by-
GROUP NO.07
Name
Student ID
Muhib Muazzam
Bakhtiar Omar Omi
Yeasin Talukder
Md. Firoz Mahmood Ovi
Shaibal Ahmed
09.02.03.044
09.02.03.045
09.02.03.046
09.02.03.047
09.02.03.049
5

6. Let’s have a background check on the condition of vehicles in Capital of Bangladesh
Dhaka City--General Information
Area
815.85 sq. km (approx)
Population
7 million (approx.)
Temperature
Summer: max 36.7°C & min 21.1°c
Winter : max 31.7°C & min 10.5°c
Rainfall
2540 mm annually.
Humidity
80 percent (approx.)
Transport Sectors &Vehicle distribution of Dhaka City is as follows-
6

7. Income-wise use of different Transports
High Income
Group (HIG)
Car, Taxi Service, Micro Bus
and other private vehicles.
Medium Income Rickshaw, Auto Rickshaw,
Group (MIG)
Bicycle, Motor Cycle,
Carriage, Car, Bus, Minibus
Low Income
Group (LIG)
HIG
GD
LIG
Bus and Tempo
Good Delivery
(GD)
MIG
Pick up, Van, Human Driven
Van
Relative Vehicular
Distribution in Dhaka City
7

8. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Objective
To determine of vehicle composition in traffic stream.
To determine of service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.
To estimate of ADT based on expansion factors.
To determine directional distribution(DD).
To draw flow fluctuation curves.
Scope of The
Test
Magnitudes, classifications and the time and directional split of
vehicular flows;
Proportions of vehicles in traffic stream;
Hourly, daily, yearly and seasonal variation of vehicular flows;
Flow fluctuation on different approaches at a junction or different
parts of a road network system.
8

9. To define Traffic Volume study various parameters need to be introducedTotal number of vehicles that pass over a given point or section of a lane or roadway during a
Vehicle/Flow
given time interval
•The equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles passing over
Rate of Flow
•Time interval less than 1hr. Usually 15 min
Service Flow Rate
•The maximum hourly rate of a roadway section
•Time interval any given period under prevailing roadway condition
Average Daily traffic (ADT)
Represent a 24-hour count at any specified location
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
Represent the average 24-hour traffic volume at a given location averaged over a full 365-day
year
There are 3 expansion factors. They areExpansion Factors
Hourly Expansion Factors (HEF ) ;
Daily Expansion Factors (DEF ) ;
Monthly Expansion Factors (MEF ).
9

10. Capacity :
Capacity is defined as the maximum number of vehicles, passengers, or the
like, per unit time, which can be accommodated under given conditions with a
reasonable expectation of occurrence.
Capacity is independent of the demand. It speaks about the physical
amount of vehicles and passengers a road can afford.
Level Of Service:
A term closely related to capacity and often confused with it is service
volume. When capacity gives a quantitative measure of trac, level of service or LOS
tries to give a qualitative measure. A service volume is the maximum number of
vehicles, passengers, or the like, which can be accommodated by a given facility or
system under given conditions at a given level of service.
10

11. Continuous
Count
Control
Count
Coverage
Count
11

12. Study Location
Study Zone : Tejgaon; Industrial Area
Population : 2,20,012
Area : 8.75 km²
Household: 37,644
Study Road : SHAHEED TAJUDDIN AHMED AVENUE
Length : 0.560 km
Lanes : 3 lanes both direction; each 13 ft approximately
Width : 42 ft at intersection of SAATH RASTA
44 ft at intersection of FLYOVER
12

13. 13

14. Before proceed to vehicle counting it is customary to do• Pilot Survey,
•Reconnaissance Surveys.
From our Reconnaissance Surveys we found that• At Saath Rasta intersection there was a construction going on for a fly over .
• Most of the buildings are there educational & official.
• Around the metal sculpture there are about 7 manholes & about 15 potholes.
• At median there are 6 median openings including both ends.
• At footpath there is more than enough manholes.
• Along flyover to saath rasta ther is 5 and along saath rasta to flyover there is 4 local roads.
• Along saath rasta to flyover there is 2 gas station and 1 filing station
• On street parking is common in both direction.
•At Saath Rasta vehicles are actuated manually by TRAFFIC POLICE.
• Although a signal actuated intersection, Fly Over intersection is manually controlled.
14

15. Conditions & Specifications
Location: Shatrasta to flyover
Station: In front of BG Press
Date: 20th June 2013(Thursday)
Time: Time of data collection 8:30 am to 8:45 am
Weather Condition: Sunny
Observation: Classified Vehicle Counts
Method: Direct Manual Method
Duration: 15 minutes(Short Count)
Equipment: Stop watch, Pencils, Eraser, Tally sheet(Field Data Sheet), Clip board
Number of Enumerators: Five
15

16. • Before the day of counting we had gone to our location for
a reconnaissance survey and locate necessary reference
buildings.
• On the promised day, we reached our station and observed
the various vehicles that went by and distributed specified
vehicles among our 5 Enumerators to count them for 15
minutes
Procedure of
Works
• We use tally to lessens our clumsiness and error of
counting.
• After 15 minutes we counted the total vehicles of each
types.
• Finally we prepared a field observation data sheet and filled
the necessary data.
16

17. Vehicle Type
Car
CNG
Bus
Motorcycles
NMT
Tally

18. Problems in counting
X
Position of Enumerators
Y
Saatrasta To Flyover
X
Y

19. Problems in counting(Continued)
X
Position of Enumerators
Y
Saatrasta To Flyover
X
Y

20. Steps of Data Collection & Synchronization:
Step 1 : Count the vehicle by means of manual method in this tally sheet method.
Step 2 : Collect & Divide it in various types of vehicles.
Step 3 : Record values obtained in field survey book or any notebook.
Step 4 : Calculate different parameters that is related to volume studies.
Step 5 : Input the collected or calculated values according to suitable time
intervals.
Step 6 : Check if necessary requirements are fulfilled by data archive & results.
Formulae:
SRF=Total Counted Vehicle Manually or Automatically in an
Interval*4
TV=Total Converted Vehicles or PCU*4
HEF=17.11
TDV=TV*HEF
DEF=7.012
TWV=TDV*DEF
ADT=TWV/7
AEF=1.395
AADT= ADT*AEF.
Percentage of any value =
20

21. Arbitrary Specifications And Abbreviations:
F-S = Flyover to Saath Rasta.
S-F = Saath Rasta to Fly Over.
PCE = Passenger Car Equivalent : A Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the impact that a mode of
transport has on traffic variables (such as headway, speed, density) compared to a single car.
PCU = Passenger Car Unit.
Time Intervals
Used Time Intervals for Flow
SFR = Service Flow Rate.
Fuctuation
TV = Total Volume.
9:00-10:00AM
TDV = Total 24 Hour or Daily Volume. 8:15-8:30AM
TWV = Total 7-Days or Weekly Volume.
10:00-11:00AM
8:30-8:45AM
ADT = Average Daily Volume.
AADT = Annual Average Daily Volume
11:00-12:00AM
8:45:9:00AM
DD = Directional Distribution.
12:00-1:00AM
TAF = Total Annual Flow.
9:00-9:15AM
SD = Standard Deviation.
1:00-2:00AM
VPH = Vehicle Per Hour or veh/hr.
9:15-9:30AM
VPD = Vehicle Per Day or veh/day.
RHD = Roads and Highway Department.
AASHTO = American Association of State Highway And Transportation Officials.
TYPE I = Car, Jeep, Micro, Taxi.
TYPE II = 3-wheeler.
TYPE III = Bus.
TYPE IV = Motorcycle.
TYPE V = NMT = Non-Mechanized Transport.
TYPE VI = Utility & others
21

22. Data Synchronization for Flow Fluctuation
For Traffic Along Fly Over to Sath Rasta
Between 8:30-8:45AM
TCV for Type I vehicle is 262 whose PCE=1
PCU = 262*1 = 262
Between 8:30-8:45AM
TCV = 511; So, SFR = TCV*4 = 2044.
PCU = 475; So, TV = PCU*4 = 1900.
TDV = TV*HEF =1900* 17.11= 32509.
TWV = TDV*DEF = 32509*7.012 = 227953.
ADT = TWV/7 = 227953/7 = 325695.
AADT = ADT*1.395 = 25695*1.395 = 45427.8.
22

23. For Traffic Along Sath Rasta to Fly Over
23

24. Directional Distribution
For Total Vehicular Split
% By 137787 % By SFR
Along F-SDirection total ADT = TV
Direction
Along S-F Direction total45 = 168274 44
ADT
F-S
% ADT along F-S = 137787/(137787+168274) = 45%
S-F
55
56
% ADT along S-F = 168274/(137787+168274) = 55%
% By ADT
45
55
For Individual Vehicular Split
24

25. Total Vehicular Distribution On the Study Location
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Type V
Type VI
F-S
1136
500
181
278
98
4
S-F
1550
615
164
395
47
42
total
2686
1115
345
673
145
46
5010
% Vehicle
54%
22%
7%
13%
3%
1%
100%
PCE
1
0.5
3
0.1
0.5
1
Sum of Counted
%PCU
Vehicles
60%
PCU
2686
557.5
1035
67.3
72.5
46
4464.3
12%
23%
2%
2%
1%
100%
25

26. Flow Fluctuation for Individual Vehicular Split
Along F-S
26

27. Along S-F
27

28. Is Bangladesh really a
developing country?
28

29. Result Analysis & Discussion
• Result is the most critical part in a survey or
project or data-based research.
• Result decides or gives an overview on
whether the value we have got or collected is
good or insufficient to go further in our
research.

30. Result Analysis & Discussion(continued)
Comparison of Service Flow Rate (SFR)
Along Flyover - Shatrasta
Total SFR
Avg. SFR
For 1hr & 15 min.
8788 vph
1757.6 vph
Along Shatrasta - Flyover
Total SFR
Avg. SFR
For 1hr & 15 min.
11252 vph
2250.4 vph

31. Reason for increasing SFR along Shatrasta to Flyover
Leguna
• Farmgate to Nabisco
• Follows one way route
Route used
• Shatrasta
• Nakhalpara

32. Reason for increasing SFR along Shatrasta to
Flyover(continued)

33. Comparison of ADT & % of Vehicle along S-F & F-S
Direction
•In the pie charts of %DD it is
seen that direction S-F has the
greater value.
•In the pie charts for vehicle
composition it is seen that there is
always greater percentage of
private transport(Car, Jeep or
micro) than public transport(bus).

34. Comparison of Total ADT of assumed 1hr
interval

35. Conclusion & Recommendation
SFR may be increased by
 Increasing
• Lane width
• Lateral clearances
• Free-flow speed
 Implementing
• Smoother terrain
• Selection of geometric design
for an intersection
 Performing diverging &
weaving analysis
A separate
lane for NMT
may be
deployed to
remove
congestion.

36. Conclusion & Recommendation(continued)
•
Traffic volume counting
should be automatic and most
importantly contactless
method as it is not clumsy.
•
Before final survey
reconnaissance survey or pilot
survey is necessary.
•
Choose a vintage point; if not
possible then select a
reference station.
•
In case of manual counting
try to keep a hand counting
machine.
•
Wear retro-refractive dresses.

37. Thank you for your attention
ANY QUESTIONS ?