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Surveying Ancestry using Autosomal
DNA Results
Matt Dexter
@mkdexter
Family Tree DNA International Conference 2015
To Survey
• To View
• To Line Up
• To Plot Out
• To Map
A Survey of Ancestry
• Parent/Child Shares
• Sibling/Cousin Shares
• Inclusive Shares by Association
• Exclusive Shares with Probability
• Example
Sharing my Observations
• 24 family finder tests (or transfers)
• 5 grandchildren (cousins)
• 6 grandparents
• 4 great grandparents
• And more
Paired Chromosomes
Paternal and Maternal Sides
Human DNA – 46 Chromosomes
Human DNA – 46 Chromosomes
Child-Parent
Child - Both Parents
2 Layers
Child-Parent
Child to Father Map
Paternal Side
Child to Mother Map
Maternal Side
Both Lines Appear on the Same Map
Paternal Side
+
Maternal Side
Paternal
Maternal
Daughter
Father
Mother 10 cM
Daughter
Father
Mother 5 cM
Daughter
Father
Mother 1 cM
Phasing
Separating
Paternal and Maternal
Sides
Sequencing
Raw Data Extraction
Comparison
Chr Pairs Chr Pairs
Chr Pairs Chr Pairs
Chr Pairs Chr Pairs
Chr Pairs
Comparison M SIDEP SIDE
M SIDEP SIDEM SIDEP SIDE
M SIDEP SIDEM SIDEP SIDEM SIDEP SIDEM SIDEP SIDE
Child-Parent
Child-Mother-Phased
Son to Mother
PHASED
2 Sides Compounded
Recombination
Variation
M M
Recombination
gamete gamete
father mother
RECOMBINED
2 lines to 1
zygote
Haploid Cell
Diploid Cell
Diploid Cell
Recombination
gamete gamete
father mother
RECOMBINED
2 lines to 1
zygote
Haploid Cell
Diploid Cell
Diploid Cell
46
23
46
23
46
Meiosis Autosomal Pairs
Meiosis
Cross-Over
Variation Between Sides
Paternal
Grandfather
%
Paternal
Grandmother
%
Maternal
Grandfather
%
Maternal
Grandmother
%
gson1 23.7% 26.1% 27.6% 22.5%
gson2 28.5% 21.3% 20.2% 30.1%
gson3 20.4% 29.7% 24.2% 25.8%
gdau1 33.9% 15.9% 26.8% 23.3%
Comparison M SIDEP SIDE
M SIDEP SIDEM SIDEP SIDE
Comparison M SIDEP SIDE
M SIDEP SIDE P SIDEM SIDE
gson1
Father-Paternal
Father-Maternal
Mother-Paternal
Mother-Maternal
gdau1
Father-Paternal
Father-Maternal
Mother-Paternal
Mother-Maternal
Father’s Maternal Side
(maternal grandparents)
Father’s Maternal Side
(maternal grandparents)
Daughter1
Father’s Maternal Side
(maternal grandparents)
Son1
Father’s Maternal Side
(maternal grandparents)
Son2
Siblings
FIR and HIR Shared Segments
Full Sibling Share Half Sibling Share
Full Sibs
From Gedmatch.com
FIR
HIR
From Gedmatch.com
½ SiblingsHIR
M SIDEP SIDE
M SIDEP SIDE
gSon1 gDau1
M O G M G
B
gson1
gdau1
M O G M G
B
gson1
gdau1
gSon1
gDau1
(full sibs)
4 Sides Compounded
gSon1
gDau1
(full sibs)
Full Identical Region
Cousins
Anatomy of Cousin Shares
gson1-gson3
1st cousins
M SIDEP SIDEM SIDEP SIDE
M SIDEP SIDEM SIDEP SIDE
Great Grandmother
M SIDE
gson1-pggm1
gson3-pggm1
gson1-gson3
segment-pggm1
gson1-gson3
segment-pggf1
gson1-gson3
segment-pggf2
gson1-gson3
segment-pggm2
gson1-gson3
segment-pggm2
gson1-gson3
1st cousins
gdau1-pggm1
gson5-pggm1
gdau1-pggm1
gson5-pggm1
Common Ancestors
Finding Common Denominators
gdau1 gson5
??
Margaret Cyrus
William Rutherford
Adkins
William Rutherford (brick wall) b.1832
Margaret Cyrus (spouse) b.1838
Joseph Rutherford b. 1730
Elizabeth Adkins b.1745
William Adkins (Elizabeth’s father) b. 1721
Ledca Lydia Owens (Elizabeth’s mother) b. 1724
Adkins
William Rutherford (brick wall) b.1832
Margaret Cyrus (spouse) b.1838
Joseph Rutherford b. 1730
Elizabeth Adkins b.1745
William Adkins (Elizabeth’s father) b. 1721
Ledca Lydia Owens (Elizabeth’s mother) b. 1724
Compounded Ancestry Segments
Custer
George Custer b.1786
Henrietta Perrifield b.1793
Maria Elizabeth Custer b.1782
Adam Gross b.1774
Johannes Custer (Father) b.1741
Katherine Gohn (Mother) b. 1740
Association
Inclusive and Unknown
Mother
Child
MatchMatch
Mother
Child
25 cM
Highly Probable Maternal
When Inclusive to Mother
Untested
Maternal
Grandparents
Mapping Ancestry
Mapping Ancestry
Tested
Relatives
To
Maternal
Grandparents
Grandfather’s
Side
Mapping Ancestry
Grandmother’s Side
Mapping Ancestry
Child-Mother’s closest relatives
Mother’s Paternal via Grandfather
Mother’s Maternal via Grandmother
Maternal Side UNKNOWN
Match to Mother (add to map)
No Match to Mother = UNKNOWN
Probability
Highly vs. Least Probable
Daughter
Father
Mother 1 cM
Mother
Child
MatchMatch
Mother
Child
25 cM
Highly Probable Maternal
When Inclusive to Mother
Mother
Child
MatchMatch
Child
Highly Probable Paternal
When Exclusive to Mother
25 cM
Mother
Child
MatchMatch
Child
12 cM
Probably Paternal
When Exclusive to Mother
Mother
Child
MatchMatch
Child
8 cM
50-50 Chance Paternal
When Exclusive to Mother
Mother
Child
Match
3 cM
Unknown if Paternal
When Exclusive to Mother
Dale
Finding his Father
(used with permission)
• Dual layered (sides)
• Inclusive and Unknown
• Probability
Closest YDNA matches (Bumpass)
Truelock Davis
KNOWN MATERNAL SIDE
Closest Cousin Match
Aunt Doesn’t Match
Chromosome 4 = 28.35cM, 6.51cM
Chromosome 9 = 37.65cM
Chromosome 15 = 24.43cM
Dale’s possible paternal tree
3rd Closest Cousin Match
Aunt Matches
Sent for a Test
RELATED AS COUSINS!
TRUELOCK-SMITH
cousins
End
End

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Surveying Ancestry using Autosomal DNA Results