This document discusses research university performance and financing. It provides an overview of the Center for Measuring University Performance, which publishes an annual report called The Top American Research Universities (TARU). TARU uses non-subjective data to measure and benchmark university performance over time. It also discusses challenges facing public university financing, including rising costs, declining state support per student, and increasing tuition prices. As a result, students are taking on higher levels of debt to pay for their education.
2. What’s the Center for Measuring
University Performance?
• Academic research center started by former UF President
and Provost
• Annual publication The Top American Research Universities
(TARU) highlights importance on using data to measure and
track university performance over time
• The Center’s mission is to be a source for reliable and valid
national data for US research universities
• Website provides access to data files (http://mup.asu.edu)
• New effort on international benchmarking with UNU
• Proponent for rewarding good performance
3. Writings on
Research University Issues
• The Myth of Number One
• Quality Engines: The Competitive Context for
Research Universities
• University Organization, Governance and
Competitiveness
• The Sports Imperative
• Medicine , Engineering and Research
Competiveness
4. What Sets TARU Apart
from Rankings?
• Not a commercial product, so we have a
different audience
• Data not weighted
• Measures stable
• Use only non-subjective data from
government agencies/national organizations
• Groupings vs. rankings
5. How is TARU Used?
• Universities use it for…
– Benchmarking Performance / Peer Analysis
– Setting Goals / Strategic Planning
– Public Relations
• Governing boards/ officials use it for…
– Allocating Resources
– Presidential Evaluation
• Also used to set Carnegie Classifications
6. MUP Data vs. Raw Data
• Data available from the original source (i.e., raw
data) often include universities that have multiple
campuses but without making distinctions
• MUP data only include single campuses to ensure
comparability
• Other unique elements of MUP data:
– Missing data replaced with estimates
– Small number of measures
– National and private/public ranks
– Downloadable Excel spreadsheets
7. Nine Key Measures
Research
1. Total research expenditures
2. Federal research expenditures
Private Support
3. Endowment assets
4. Annual giving
Advanced Training
5. Doctorates awarded
6. Postdoctoral appointees
Faculty Quality
7. Faculty awards
8. National Academy members
Undergraduate Quality
9. SAT scores
8. Measures Summary – TARU 2011
(Over $40m Federal R&D)
# Times
# Times 26-50 # Times # Times
Control Institution 25 Natl Natl 25 Ctrl 26-50 Ctrl
Public U of Florida 3 4 8 1
Private U of Miami 0 1 3 4
Public Florida State U 0 1 0 6
Public U of South Florida 0 0 0 3
Public Florida International U 0 0 0 1
Public U of Central Florida 0 0 0 0
Source: Top American Research Universities 2011
9. Academic R&D
(Over $40m Federal R&D)
Total Total Fed Fed
Total Natl Ctrl Federal Natl Ctrl
Control Institution R&D Rank Rank R&D Rank Rank
Public U of Florida $592M 21 15 $233M 47 25
Public U of South Florida $310M 62 41 $191M 57 34
Private U of Miami $248M 76 25 $172M 60 24
Public Florida State U $195M 93 64 $117M 87 54
Public U of Central Florida $113M 127 90 $65M 126 85
Public Florida International U $91M 145 102 $53M 145 102
Source: Top American Research Universities 2011
10. Research and Development
Other Institutions
Total Federal
Florida A&M $41,896 $26,311
Florida Atlantic U. $30,282 $16,457
Florida Institute of Technology $11,427 $8,903
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical U. $12,189 $8,241
Nova Southeastern U. $9,740 $5,669
U. of North Florida $6,316 $4,516
Florida Gulf Coast U. $3,841 $2,661
U. of West Florida $4,079 $2,310
Barry U. $897 $897
New College of Florida $617 $514
Eckerd College $327 $275
Jacksonville U. $335 $9
$ in thousands, FY 2010 Source: Higher Education R&D Survey
12. Federal R&D Share
Top Fifteen States
California 12.8%
New York 8.0%
Maryland 6.6%
Texas 6.0%
Pennsylvania 5.9%
Massachusetts 5.4%
North Carolina 4.0%
Illinois 3.8%
Ohio 3.4%
Michigan 3.1%
Florida 2.8%
Georgia 2.7%
Washington 2.5%
Colorado 2.3%
Wisconsin 1.9%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
Source: Higher Education R&D Survey, FY 2010
13. Endowment & Giving
Endow Endow Giving Giving
Natl Ctrl Natl Ctrl
Control Institution Endow Rank Rank Giving Rank Rank
Public U of Florida $1105M 54 18 $183M 31 15
Private U of Miami $618M 94 61 $159M 33 18
Public Florida State U $453M 136 50 $54M 111 67
Public U of South Florida $296M 181 69 $36M 140 82
Public U of Central Florida $103M 354 132 $32M 159 92
Public Florida International U $95M 373 140 $39M 133 80
Source: Top American Research Universities 2011
14. National Academy & Faculty Awards
Natl Natl Fac Fac
Acad Acad Awd Awd
Natl Natl Ctrl Fac Natl Ctrl
Control Institution Acad Rank Rank Awd Rank Rank
Public U of Florida 23 47 26 22 26 14
Private U of Miami 8 78 36 4 126 42
Public Florida State U 7 87 48 9 73 46
Public U of South Florida 3 111 65 6 102 69
Public Florida International U 2 133 79 11 60 37
Public U of Central Florida 1 161 98 4 126 85
Source: Top American Research Universities 2011
15. Doctorates & Postdocs
Post Post
Doc Doc doc doc
Natl Ctrl Post Natl Ctrl
Control Institution Doc Rank Rank doc Rank Rank
Public U of Florida 771 4 4 597 23 12
Public Florida State U 340 49 34 258 66 40
Public U of South Florida 243 76 51 261 64 38
Public U of Central Florida 231 79 53 74 136 94
Private U of Miami 181 96 29 240 70 27
Public Florida International U 114 138 96 43 163 113
Source: Top American Research Universities 2011
16. SAT
SAT
Natl SAT Ctrl
Control Institution SAT Rank Rank
Private U of Miami 1275 95 84
Public U of Florida 1250 119 20
Public Florida State U 1200 183 41
Public U of Central Florida 1180 224 56
Public U of South Florida 1155 274 76
Public Florida International U 1100 426 124
Source: Top American Research Universities 2011
19. Input Costs are Rising
Inflation indexes 1983 to 2009
350
300
Index Value (1983=100)
250
200
150
100
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Source: Commonfund
20. State Support is Dropping
50 state total higher education expenditures per $1,000 disposable
income: FY1961 to FY2012
$12.00
$10.00
$8.00
$6.00
$4.00
$2.00
$-
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity
21. Florida’s Support is Dropping Too
($ in billions)
$5.0
$4.5 4.12
$4.45 3.96
$4.0 $4.39
$4.11
$3.5 $3.70 $3.77 $3.62
$3.0
$2.5
$2.0
$1.5 with Federal Stabilization State Tax Support
$1.0
$0.5
$0.0
FY 06-07 FY 07-08 FY 08-09 FY 09-10 FY 10-11 FY 11-12
Source: Grapevine Annual Compilation of State Fiscal Support for HE
22. State Support per Capita
FY 11-12
Mississippi (8) $320
Alabama (10) $306
Georgia (16) $268
State and Rank ()
California (20) $256
Texas (21) $252
New York (25) $239
Florida (37) $190
S. Carolina (38) $184
$0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350
Source: Grapevine Annual Compilation of State Fiscal Support for HE
23. State Support per $1k Personal Income
FY 11-12
Mississippi (6) $10.02
Alabama (8) $8.88
Georgia (14) $7.46
State and Rank ()
Texas (18) $6.39
California (24) $5.78
S. Carolina (27) $5.46
Florida (33) $4.81
New York (34) $4.78
$0 $2 $4 $6 $8 $10 $12
Source: Grapevine Annual Compilation of State Fiscal Support for HE
24. Prices are Increasing
Published and net in-state tuition and fees for public four-year
institutions 1996-2012 in constant 2011 dollars
$9,000
Published
$8,000
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
Net
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$-
1996-97 1999-00 2002-03 2005-06 2008-09 2011-12
(Est)
Source: College Board, Trends in College Pricing
25. Price in Florida & Median State
Published tuition and fees for public four-year institutions 2005-2012
$9,000
$7,906
$8,000
$7,000
Median State $2,280
$6,000
$5,000 $4,594 $5,626
$4,000 $1,540
$3,000
Florida
$3,054
$2,000
$1,000
$-
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Source: College Board, Trends in College Pricing
26. Published Tuition and Fees
at Public “Flagships”
FY 11-12
California (7) $12,835
S. Carolina (16) $10,168
Texas (18) $9,794
State and Rank ()
Georgia (27) $8,693
Alabama (29) $8,600
New York (35) $7,482
Mississippi (45) $5,792
Florida (48) $5,657
$0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000
Source: College Board, Trends in College Pricing
27. Student Share of Revenue Stream
at Public Research Universities
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
UCF USF FSU
40%
UF
30%
20%
10%
0%
Source: IPEDS Finance and Enrollment Surveys, FY2009-10
28. Student Indebtedness is Growing Concern
Public Four Year: Average Total Debt Levels of Bachelor’s Degree
Recipients in Constant 2010 Dollars, 1999-2000 to 2009-10
$22,500
$22,000
$21,500
$21,000
$20,500
$20,000
$19,500
$19,000
$18,500
$18,000
1999-00 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10
Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid
29. Pell and Federal Loan Take-up Rates
Public 4-year, Fall 2011
Mississippi 57%
45%
Alabama 53%
37%
S. Carolina 52%
30%
Georgia 48%
41%
Texas 45%
40%
New York 39%
40% Same
37% Pell
California 40% Rate
Florida 29%
40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Federal Loan Pell
Source: College Board, Trends in College Pricing
The Center was established in 1998 by the President and Provost of the University of Florida. This center and The Top American Research Universities project are actually the result of their decade long effort to use data to manage a university. We believe that data is a powerful management tool, whereas commercial rankings may be interesting but not very useful. The Center’s mission is to provide valid and reliable data to other universities . While the focus now is on the whole institution rather than its parts ( the colleges and academic departments), we still believe strongly in getting good, valid data is the key to measuring and improving performance. You don’t know where you need to improve if you don’t have some type of reliable measurement system. We also break down the university into its constituent parts, such as engineering and medicine. The goal is to show universities how much these individual disciplines contribute to the overall picture.24,000 source titles of type Journal, Conference Proceedings, and Book Series from Elsevier's Scopus database in 250 discipline areas for 1343 institutions in the US, Canada, Asia and Europe.
Money Matters, Performance Counts, Time is the Enemy"“Money matters” and “performance counts” are phrases that reflect the essential relationship between resources and achievement that characterize all first-rank American research universities. High-performing research universities deliver a magnificent return on the funds invested in them.….Each time we perform well and demonstrate that the university speaks to measurable and substantial achievement, we increase our ability to attract additional revenue--more of the money that matters. Performance and money represent the binary pair required to improve a great university and keep it in competition with the best."
How, if at all, can costs— especially to the taxpayer and the student—be lowered without damage to academic quality or toprinciples of access and participation? What are appropriate ratios of students to faculty and to professional and administrative staff at various kinds of institutions?What are reasonable conceptions and expectations of higher educational productivity?How can institutional aid, or price discounting, be used either to attract students with qualities or characteristics sought by theinstitution or to maximize net tuition revenue?Are taxpayer dollars in the public sector best used to hold down tuition, or should they go toward expanding need-based aid, with public tuitionsraised closer to the full average costs of undergraduate instruction? Are public aid dollars best used for grants or for loan subsidies?Should public aid be based on academic promise and performance as well as upon family financial need?