Challenges in Protection Relay Testing for Tomorrow’s Power Grid Very many challenges related to protection relay testing are met today in the field and in the research industry. There are often new and more complex applications such as wind turbines, very fast switching power electronics, photovoltaic cells and the battery and electric vehicle technologies. This implies among other things new converter topologies and smart grid considerations. These systems cannot be protected the same way as what was already being done, so this increases the complexity of the algorithms used. Real-time simulation is a novel approach to design and test protection relay algorithms.

1. Challenges in Protection Relay
Testing for Tomorrow’s
Power Grid
Presented by: Étienne Leduc
2013-11-20

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Your Hosts
Presenter
Etienne Leduc
Application Specialist
OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Presenter
Dr. Innocent Kamwa
Scientific Coordinator for Smart Grid
Hydro-Quebec research institute (IREQ)
Scientific Adviser
Vincent Lapointe
R&D Director
OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES

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Presentation Outline

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Presentation Outline

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OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES in Brief
Established in 1997
Strong R&D with 20% of turnover
reinvested
Large and diversified customer base
One-stop-shop for model-based
engineering simulators
 Power Electronics
 Power Systems
 Automotive
 Aerospace
 Educational
 Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP)
 Hardware in the Loop (HIL)
 MATLAB/Simulink Integration

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Montreal, QC
Detroit, MI
Paris, FR
Bangalore, IN
Global Presence
41

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Customers’ List (Partial)
Electric Utilities & Power Electronics
Opal-RT in Brief

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ePOWERgrid Product Family
Covers the complete spectrum of power system analysis & studies
NEW
ePHASORsim
Real-Time Transient
Stability Simulator
10 ms time step
NEW
HYPERsim
Large Scale Power System
Simulation for Utilities & Manufacturers
25 μs to 100 μs time step
NEW
eFPGAsim
Power Electronics Simulation on FPGA
1 μs to 100 ns time step
1 s
(1 Hz)
10,000
2,000
1,000
500
100
10
0
10 ms
(100 Hz)
50 μs
(20 KHz)
10 μs
(100 KHz)
1μs
(1 MHz)
100 ns
(10 MHz)
10 ns
(100 MHz)
20,000
Period (frequency) of transient phenomena simulated
Number of
3-Phase
Buses
eMEGAsim
Power System & Power Electronics Simulation
Based on Matlab/Simulink and SimPowerSystems
10 μs to 100 μs time step

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Presentation Outline

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Live Demo
The live demo hasn’t been recorded and is
therefore not part of this online document.

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Live Demo Overview
Hardware overview: simulator OP5600, protective relay P444
Model: 500 kV transmission line
Analysis: overcurrent characterization and protection failure case
Behind the scene: how we got there

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Live Demo Summary
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10
0
Relay OC Characterization - Tests to Investigate
1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00
Threshold crossing time (ms)
Secondary current (A)
Overcurrent
Characteristic
Tripped
Did not Trip

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Presentation Outline

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Some HYPERSIM Features …
Power electronic converters
CT , PT models Virtual IED and
relay library
Rich model library
Generator, transfo, line, motor, load

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Some HYPERSIM Features …
Import EMTP-RV
network
Custom C-Code and library
Interface with Simulink controls
Broad spectrum of
drivers and protocols
DNP3 C37.118 61850
MMS OPC
IRIG-B 1588 User
Versatility and Flexibility

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Some HYPERSIM Features …
Communication
failure
Apparatus internal fault
Loss of packets
Corrupted data
Data overflow
etc. Fault and disturbance
Fault location, type and interception angle
Simultaneous
events

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Some HYPERSIM Features …
TestView
Scripts and macros
Play back recorded data from field
Perform Monte Carlo analysis
Generate reports automatically
Test Automation and DB
Intelligent data management
Various export
format
COMTRADE
ScopeView Analysis

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Presentation Outline

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New Challenges for Protection Relay Testing
Increased number of relay
functionalities
New and more complex applications
DNP3 C37.118 61850
MMS OPC
Interoperability and new
communication protocols
MU PDC WAM
OIT PMU
New type of equipment and systems
IRIG-B
1588 1PPS
GPS Synchronization

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New Challenges for Protection Relay Testing:
Security

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Consequences of a Protection System Failure

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The Traditional Relay Testing Approach…
Replay offline
simulation
This is a good and proven method for
most “traditional” and “easy” cases
Omicron, Megger, Doble test Relay under test
sets
Recorded data from field Limitations
• Open loop
• Fixed V/I and ramp up
• No data alteration/loss

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…Enhanced by Using a Real-Time Simulator
Relay under test
Real-Time
Simulator
Advantages
• Closed loop
• Detailed EMT simulation
• Complex protection schemes
• See effect of the relay on grid
Real-time simulators are used by advanced testing laboratories for complex
cases and developing/testing new relay algorithms using new technologies…

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Presentation Outline

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Protection Relay Design Methodology
Industrialization process
(Stages 4 and 5)
IREQ real-time
simulator
Proof of
concept

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Predictive-Out-of-Step Protection
for Hydro-Québec’s Grid
Loss of synchronism (RPS) acceptance tests
IREQ real-time
simulator
Proof of
concept

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Wide-Area Control System (WACS) Vision

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WACS Simulation on HYPERSIM
Proof of
concept
IREQ real-time
simulator

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Presentation Outline

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Our Protection-related Solution
Software
HYPERSIM : Both small and very large-scale models, automatic task mapping
ScopeView : analyse waveforms, compare with data acquired by external devices
TestView : automate test sequences, intelligent data management
Hardware
Standard I/Os : great amount, many different types
Drivers and protocols
Mapping box : to interface with high power signals
Service
Consulting (model development with protection schemes)
Customization : software/interface, drivers, I/Os
R&D products development
Commissioning
Training

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New & Accessible Hardware : OP4500
New compact, portable and large number of robust I/O channels
Compatible with RT-LAB, MATLAB, Simulink, RTW, Xilinx System
Generator and LabVIEW
Open and optimized for power electronics
Price range: starting at $20K

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Upcoming Events
 Next Webinar | Thursday, November 28
Introduction to ePHASORsim, features and Applications
Register now on our website: http://www.opal-rt.com/events/webinar-introduction-ephasorsim
 Real-Time 2014 Conference | Montreal June 9 - 12
Email us for more details realtime@opal-rt.com
Visit our www.opal-rt.com to download our presentation

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Thank you for your attention
Questions?