1. Stage one
Stage 1: Standing in a neutral position. Full extension of the legs and the body is supported by
legs, back, abs, hip flexors, and glutes. Weight is being distributed evenly throughout the lower
extremities. Elbows are at roughly 5-10 degrees flexion. 5 degrees of flexion and medial
rotation in the shoulder joint. While the body is just standing there, all the joints are in tension.
Phase one
 Deltoid is the agonist of concentrically abducting the shoulder. Anterior fibers are
agonist in concentrically flexing the shoulder. Posterior fibers are antagonists working
eccentrically.
 Pec major is the synergist in flexing the shoulder working concentrically. The lower
fibers are an antagonist working eccentrically.
 Serratus anterior is the agonist concentrically protracting the scapula.
 The pec minor is the only synergist in aiding in protraction and it is contracting
concentrically.
 Supraspinatus are synergist helping abduct the shoulder concentrically.
 Trapezius middle fibers antagonist and are working eccentrically of protracting the
scapula. The trapezius is an agonist in concentrically extending the head and neck.
 The levator scapula contracts concentrically to act as a synergist to the trapezius in
aiding with extending the head and neck.

2.  Antagonist to extending the head and neck would be the sternocleidomastoid and it is
contracting eccentrically.
 Triceps brachii working eccentrically as an antagonist.
 The anconeus is working eccentrically.
 Biceps brachii working concentrically as a synergist to help flex the shoulder. They are
also agonist in elbow flexion contracting concentrically. Also acts as a synergist in aiding
with supination of the elbow.
 Coracobrachialis are working concentrically as a synergist to help flex the shoulder.
 Latissimus Dorsi is the antagonist of abducting the shoulder. It is eccentrically
contracting.
 Supinator is the agonist of supination and contracting concentrically.
 Brachioradialis is an agonist is supination of the elbow and contracting concentrically.
 Pronator teres is an antagonist of supination in the elbow and is contracting
eccentrically.
 The flexor carpiulnaris is the agonist in wrist flexion, palmaris longus, flexor carpiradialis,
flexor digitorium superficialis, and flexor digitorum profundus and the rest are synergist
and all of them are all working concentrically to hold the box.
 Extensor carpiulnaris is the antagonist of flexion of the wrist and is working
eccentrically.
 Lumbricals is the agonist in abducting the fingers and is working concentrically.
 Rectus abdominis is agonist in flexing the vertebral column and stabilizing the torso and
the rectus abdominis is working concentrically.
 The external and internal obliques work as synegist to help flex the vertebral column to
help stabilize the torso. The obliques are working concentrically.
 The Gluteus Maximus is working as the agonist in this hip flexion. The Gluteus Maximus
is working concentrically.
 Psoas Major is a synergist in hip flexion and it is working concentrically.
 Iliacus, Tensor fascia latae, Sartorius, Rectus femoris, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus,
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and pectineus all work together as
synergist to hip flexion. They are all contracting concentrically.
 The Biceps Femoris is an antagonist in hip flexion. It is working eccentrically. It is
however the agonist in abduction of the hip. It is contracting concentrically.
 Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius, and the piriformis are
all synergist in hip abduction.
 Adductor magnus is the antagonist of hip abduction. It is contracting eccentrically.
 Bicep Femoris is the agonist in knee flexion. It is working concentrically.
 Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, gracillis, Sartorius, popliteal, gastrocnemius,
plantaris are all synergist in knee flexion. They are all contracting concentrically.
 Rectus femoris is the antagonist of knee flexion. It is contracting eccentrically.
 Agonist in dorsiflexion is the tibialis anterior. It is working concentrically.
 Extensor digitorum longus and Extensor hallicus longus are synergist in dorsiflexion.
 The antagonist is the gastrocnemius. It is working eccentrically.

3. Stage two
Stage 2: Shoulders roughly 45 degrees flexed and 40 degrees abduction with the joint force
being compression and torsion. The Shoulder girdle is in protraction with the joint force of
distraction. Elbows also 45 degrees flexed with the joint force being shear and torsion with 45
degrees supinated. The wrist is still in tension. All five rays are abducted. Hip is roughly 110-130
degrees flexed and 15 degrees abduction with the joint force of compression and torsion. Knees
are 80 degrees flexed with the joint force of torsion and shear force. The ankle is in roughly 5 to
10 degrees dorsiflexion shear force and torsion.
Phase two
 Agonist to return from shoulder flexion is the posterior fibers of the deltoid and it is
contracting concentrically.
 The synergist to return from shoulder flexion is the latissimus dorsi, teres major and the
lower fibers of the pec major. They are working concentrically.
 The anterior fibers of the deltoid are antagonist to shoulder extension and they are
working eccentrically.
 Agonist of retraction of the scapula would be middle fibers of the trapezius and it is
contracting concentrically.

4.  Rhomboid major and minor are synergist of retraction and they are working
concentrically.
 The antagonist of retraction of the scapula would be the serratus anterior and it is
contracting eccentrically.
 The sternocleidomastoid is the agonist of flexion of the head and neck and it is
contracting concentrically.
 The antagonist to flexion of the head and neck would be the trapezius and it is
contracting eccentrically.
 Triceps brachii working eccentrically as an antagonist to elbow flexion. It also a synergist
to turn from shoulder flexion, while working concentrically.
 Biceps brachii working concentrically as a synergist to help flex the shoulder. They are
also agonist in elbow flexion contracting concentrically. Also acts as a synergist in aiding
with supination of the elbow.
 Supinator is the agonist of supination and contracting concentrically.
 Brachioradialis is an agonist is supination of the elbow and contracting concentrically.
 Pronator teres is an antagonist of supination in the elbow and is contracting
eccentrically.
 The flexor carpiulnaris is the agonist in wrist flexion, palmaris longus, flexor carpiradialis,
flexor digitorium superficialis, and flexor digitorum profundus and the rest are synergist
and all of them are all working concentrically to hold the box.
 Extensor carpiulnaris is the antagonist of flexion of the wrist and is working
eccentrically.
 Lumbricals is the agonist in abducting the fingers and is working concentrically.
 The external and internal obliques act as the agonist, flexing the vertebral column.
Contracting concentrically.
 The rectus abdominis acts as a synergist to help stailize the vertebral column,
contracting concentrically.
 Gluteus maximus is the agonist in hip extension. It is contracting concentrically.
 Biceps femoris (long head), semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus
(posterior fibers), and gluteus medius (posterior fibers) are all synergist in hip extension
and they are all contracting concentrically.
 Psoas major is the antagonist to hip extension and it is contracting eccentrically.
 Agonist in knee extension is the rectus femoris is concentrically contracting.
 Vastus lateralis, vasus medialis, and vastus intermedius are synergist in knee extension
and they are all concentrically contracting.
 The antagonist to knee extension is biceps femoris and it is contracting eccentrically.
 When returning from dorsiflexion back to neutral the agonist is the gastrocnemius and it
is contracting concentrically.
 The synergist in returning to neutral from dorsiflexion is the soleus and tibialis posterior
and they are concentrically contracting.
 The antagonist to returning to neutral is the tibalis anterior and it is eccentrically
contracting.

5. Stage 3
Stage 3: Full extension of the legs and the body is supported by legs, back, abs, hip flexors, and
glutes. Weight is being distributed evenly throughout the lower extremities. Elbows are at
roughly 90 degrees flexion with the joint force of shear force and torsion. Zero degrees of
flexion in the shoulder joint. Fingers are still abducted and the wrist is still in tension.
Phase three
 Serratus anterior is the agonist concentrically protracting the scapula.
 The pec minor is the only synergist in aiding in protraction and it is contracting
concentrically.
 Supraspinatus are synergist helping abduct the shoulder concentrically.
 The agonist in the extension of the elbow is the triceps brachii and it is contracting
concentrically.
 The anconeus is a synergist to elbow extension and it is contracting concentrically.
 The antagonist is the biceps brachii and it is contracting eccentrically.

6. Stage 4
Stage 4: Full extension of the legs and the body is supported by legs, back, abs, hip flexors, and
glutes. Weight is being distributed evenly throughout the lower extremities. Shoulder girdle is
protracted and elevated with the joint force distraction. The shoulder joint is flexed at almost
exactly 90 degrees with the joint force torsion and compression. Elbows are at roughly 0
degrees flexed. Fingers are still abducted and the wrist is still in tension