1. GROUP : 01
INTEGRANTS :
CARRION ARCELA JEAN PIERRE
CASTRO MALDONADO BETTY
GASCO ARTEAGA LESLIE
GONZALES VASQUEZ DEYSI
MENDOZA CASTILLO FABRIZIO
MORENO VASQUEZ LUIGUI
APPLICATION OF
BIOCHEMESTRY TO
PHYSIOLOGY
2. INTRODUCCION
It BIOCHEMISTRY is a science
that studies the chemical
composition of living organisms,
especially proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic
acids, as well as other small
molecules present in the cells
and chemical reactions with
these compounds (metabolism)
enabling them to obtain energy
(catabolism) and generate own
biomolecules (anabolism).
3. BIOCHEMISTRY
IS THE SCIENCE
THAT STUDENT
LOS BEINGS ALIVE
A LEVEL
MOLECULAR
THROUGH
TECHNIQUES AND
METHODS
PHYSICAL,
CHEMICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL.
THE OBJECT D
EESTUDIO D ELA
BIOCHEMISTRY
ARE SUBSTANCES
THAT CONSTITUTE
E, HUMAN BODY.
5. The science that studies the chemical
basis of life : the molecules that
comprise cells and tissues , that
catalyze chemical reactions of cellular
metabolism such as digestion , the
photosynthesis and immunity , among
other things.
6. ALL OF THE
DISEASES HAVE
MOLECULAR
COMPONENT EXCEPT
THE TRAUMÀTICAS.
THE MODERN
METHODS HAS
SETTLED THE BASIS
OF MOLECULAR
PATHOLOGY.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOCHEMESTRYIN
HEALTH
7. This biochemical techniques to
detect bacteria and viruses, before
the appearance of antibodies,
diagnose and prevent birth defects,
making chemotherapy treatments
and monitoring by detecting and
amplifying cancer cells, these are
just some of the profits of the
biochemical the Health Sciences.
8. THE FAST AND BIOCHEMISTRY
PHYSIOLOGY
1. - WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU DEPRIVE AN ORGANISM
OF CALORIC INTAKE?
•Previously, we discuss in brief the metabolism of human body when it
receives the normal caloric intake. This contribution is based on the so-
called immediate early 3: Carbohydrates (sugars and carbohydrates),
lipids (fats) and proteins.
2. - WHAT ARE THE BODY'S RESERVES?
•The first fact we notice is that the body has reserves. Some say these
are measured by weight. A man of about 70 kg. and 1.70 m. high,
immediate early reservations are:
•GLUCOSE: 300 gr. (4 cal / gr.) = 1,200 Kcal. Last 24 hours.
•- FAT: 10 to 11 kg. (9 cal / gr.) = 100,000 Kcal. They last longer than 40 days
•- PROTEIN: 10.5 kg. (4 Cal / g) = 45,000 Kcal. In the fast eat the own
reserves.
9. BIOCHEMISTRYOF THEFASTANDTHE
ROLEOF HORMONALPHYSIOLOGY
•Depending on whether one or other
immediate principle, as the main source of
energy during fasting, it can be divided
into three distinct phases as detailed
below.
1 .- WHAT ARE THE
STAGES OF FASTING?
•The main fuel is glucose and all sugars
and carbohydrates. First circulating
glucose is consumed and then do the liver
glycogen and muscle. In the biochemical
process:
•1 º. Glucose is stored in liver and muscle.
•2 º. Out of there.
FIRST PHASE:
•The entry of the organism in hypoglycemia
marks the second phase of fasting,
characterized by the consumption of
fat. Hypoglycemia is the same in charge of
implementing the mechanisms that direct
consumption of fat in this Phase 2 and will
act on the hypothalamus, nerve endings,
adrenal and pancreas.
SECOND PHASE:
10. SECOND
PHASE
HYPOTHALA
MUS
Prevents glucose is
consumed by the cells.
It is hyperglycemic.
TSH
PANCREAS
CORTISOL
SOMATOTROPIC
OR GROWTH
HORMONE (STH):
Its main functions are to
increase the level of blood
sugar
through gluconeogenesis
to suppress the immune
system and help the
metabolism of fats .
Lowers
insulin.
Decreases
insulin
antilipolytic
hormone
considered,
and increases
glucagon.
11. FAT
METABOLISM
fasting, adipose tissue
triglycerides are catalyzed
steadily, releasing fatty
acids into plasma. As this
amount exceeds regarding
the need of the body, a
portion of free fatty acids
is used as the primary
source of heat and power
and the other is
metabolized in the liver,
where those are
converted into acetyl-
coenzyme A, which in turn
can follow three paths:
Transform into
ketone bodies,
which are the other
major source of
energy in fasting.
Entering the
Krebs cycle.
Be used for synthesis of
substances that are part of the
plasma triglycerides and
endogenous cholesterol.
12. FAT
METABOLIS
M
Moreover, in this second
phase, the entire body
undergoes a process of
adaptation to fasting. In
this adaptation are given:
a) Decreased
basal
metabolism:
b) Reduction of
physical
activity. The body
has less weight
and less work.
-A quick step
metabolic
reduction.
-A slow step
preceded by, or
accompanying
weight loss.
13. Will begin to consume the
protein that are essential
for life.
THIRD PHASE:
14. PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTANTS: ITS CHANGES DURING
FASTING
PLASM
A
Magnesium
Chlorine
Aldosterone
Plasma calciu
m
Plasma potass
ium
Plasma
sodium
Leukocytes
Red blood
cells
15. BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENALCORTEX
ADRENAL
CORTEX
Transport
of steroids
Mechanism
of action of
cortisol
Regulation
of cortisol
secretion
16. Pathophysiology of glucocorticoidproduction
Increased gluconeogenesis and insulin
resistance
Increased protein catabolism
Increase and redistribution of body fat
Increased secretion of acid by the stomach
Sodium retention and redistribution of body
fluids leading to edema and hypertension
Excesscortisol
17. • Involve failure of the
adrenal glands: Addison's
disease
PRIMARY
• Absence of ACTH, pituitary
failureSECONDARY
• The absence of CRH,
hypothalamic failureTERTIARY
GLUCOCORTICOID INSUFFICIENCY
19. REGULATION OF RENIN
PRODUCTION:
1. Sympathetic stimuli
reaching the
juxtaglomerular
apparatus
2. Sodium flow through
the macula densa of the
distal tubule
3. Transmural pressure
REGULATION OF
ALDOSTERONE:
• Aldosterone secretion is
dependent on the
concentration of angiotensin
II, plasma potassium and
ACTH.
• The primary regulator is the
plasma volume
