Energia, clima e fonti
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Energia, clima e fonti
- 1. Riserve mondiali di fonti fossili ( BP Statistical Review Of World Energy June 2009 )
- 3. CRESCE LA CONCENTRAZIONE DI CO2 IN ATMOSFERA La concentrazione di CO 2 è arrivata a 385 ppm nel 2008 , la più alta negli ultimi due milioni di anni, + 38% rispetto a quella dell’era preindustriale (era circa 280 ppm nel 1750). Classifica emissioni: 13. Italia 5. Giappone 4. Russia 3. India 2. Stati Uniti 1.Cina
- 4. Nel 2008 è rallentata la crescita delle emissioni mondiali di CO2: +2%(+ 3,4% media preced.) Nel 2009 è prevista una riduzione delle emissioni mondiali di CO2 del 2,9%.
- 6. Aumento consumi fonti primarie
- 7. Quali soluzioni per contenere la CO2?
- 8. Bilancio energia Italia 2008 191 Mtep Nel 2009 ulteriore calo a 182,5 Mtep
- 9. Da quattro anni sono in calo 1996 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
- 11. Bilancio Elettrico Italia 2008 Consumi: 319 TWh
- 12. Primi dati elettrici 2009 2008 +8,1 -20% -10% +20 -14% -6,7%
- 13. Previsioni consumi elettrici (Terna) Scenario sviluppo 405 TWh
- 14. FER in Italia Dati GSE: 58,2 Normalizzato: 60,4
- 17. Nuove installazione nel 2009
- 18. Top 10 nel mondo
- 19. Ue: 74.767 MW Paesi candidati: 829 MW Paesi EFTA: 449 MW Totale Europa: 76.152 MW
- 20. UE-27: potenza elettrica installata nel 2009 l’eolico si conferma come prima fonte
- 21. UE-27: nuova potenza installata nel 2000-2009
- 22. Potenza eolica mondiale installata nel mondo dal 1993 al 2009 (MW)
- 23. Costruttori
- 26. Italia: dati eolico 2008 1.010,40 MW INSTALLATI Oltre 6 TWh di energia elettrica prodotta Pari al consumo domestico di 6,5 MILIONI DI ITALIANI e 4,5 MILIONI DI TON DI CO2 RISPARMIATE.
- 27. Italia: dati eolico 2009 1.114 MW INSTALLATI
- 29. Italia: potenzialità eolico: occupazione
- 30. Nel 2008 la capacità installata nel mondo è aumentata di 5,6 GW (migliaia di MW), portando il totale installato a 14,7 GWp. + 5.600 MWp
- 31. Potenza installata cumulata nelle principali aree geografiche (fonte EPIA)
- 35. Italia 443 338 Stima di 900MW
- 36. L’energia prodotta nel 2008 ammonta a circa 186.187 MWh.
- 37. Conto energia in Italia 480MW
- 38. Dati 2009 (GSE)
- 39. Distribuzione regionale (agg. fine 2009) KW
- 43. Nucleare in Italia 27.725,8 GWh 23/05/1978 860 BWR Caorso (Piacenza) 24.307,1 GWh 22/10/1964 260 PWR Trino Vercellese 12.246 GWh 1/01/1964 150 BWR Garigliano (Caserta) 25.489,2 GWh 12/05/1963 153 GCR Borgo Sabotino (Latina) MWh totali prodotti Data connessione alla rete nazionale Potenza Netta MW Tipo Reattore Località
- 44. Caorso
- 51. 436 reattori nucleari attivi nel mondo 370.092 MW
- 52. Corrente prodotta [1] Nel 2007 l’energia elettrica mondiale prodotta da nucleare è stata pari a 2.600 Terawattora, ovvero il 14% del totale, nel 2006 era il 15% (2.793 TWh), nel 2005 il 16%; se invece parliamo di energia primaria, la percentuale nucleare scende al 6% circa. E’ molto meno di quando produce l’idroelettrico. [1] “Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2030”, IAEA, settembre 2008.
- 56. 56 in costruzione (3 marzo 2010)
- 60. Gen I
- 67. The EPR™ Olkiluoto 3 Project – May 2009 “OL3, the 1 st of the EPR™ worldwide fleet”
- 68. The EPR™ Olkiluoto 3 Project Nuclear Island - May 2009
- 69. The EPR™ Olkiluoto 3 Project Reactor Dome Delivery on site – May 4
- 70. The EPR™ Olkiluoto 3 Project Installations completed at the Spreading area - May 2009 3D view of IRWST and Spreading Area In containment Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST) Spreading area
- 71. The EPR TM Flamanville 3 Project
- 72. The EPR™ Flamanville 3 Project View of the site – May 2009
- 73. The EPR™ Flamanville 3 Project Reactor Building– May 2009
- 74. The EPR™ Taishan 1&2 Project
- 75. Quanto costa il nucleare?
- 80. Financial Times, 3 novembre 2008 Megawatts Negawatts
- 84. Evoluzione
Hinweis der Redaktion
- When talking about nuclear reactor designs, it’s becoming common to refer to them in terms of generations Gen I: Early prototype reactors of the 1950’s and 60’s Gen II: Vast majority of reactors currently operating around the world: Western designed LWRs (PWRs and BWRs), the Canadian heavy water moderated reactors (CANDU), and Russian designed reactors Gen III: so called advanced LWRs developed through mid-90’s; they have been built so far only in Asia (to my knowledge) and are evolutionary advances Gen III+: Further evolutionary improvements targeting mainly better economics Gen IV: Future Generation systems; goal of the R&D is for these systems to be …
- The different reactor types I just described are the ones in current use around the world (Generation II reactors) … Now consider What are the advances targeted and incorporated in the newer Generation III and higher designs Economics Reduced capital cost Faster construction reduces finance costs : modularization usually allows greater portion of the component or system to be built in a factor for assembly at the site Safety Passive means used for safety systems involves use of natural phenomena and intrinsic characteristics of the system Includes expansion of compressed gas, batteries and other “reliable” energy storage devices Examples of active equipment: pumps, fans, chillers, or diesel generators Severe accidents are those deemed so unlikely they are beyond the design basis
- Marketed by Westinghouse Two loop PWR; passive safety functions provided without pumps, fans, diesel motors, chillers or other machinery Passive safety without pumps, fans, diesel motors, chillers or other machinery A few simple valves align the passive safety systems when they are automatically actuated. In most cases, these valves are “fail safe.” They require power to stay in their normal, closed position. Loss of power causes them to open into their safety alignment. In all cases, their movement is made using stored energy from springs, compressed gas or batteries. Passive systems include safety injection (SI), residual heat removal (RHR), and containment cooling (PCCS). Safety Injection: Incorporates four sources of passive injection following a loss of coolant accident (LOCA): (1) accumulators, which provide high flow for several minutes; (2) core makeup tanks, which provide relatively high flow for longer durations; (3) in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST), which provides a lower flow for a much longer time; and (4) provisions for containment recirculation. Containment recirculation initiates when the recirculation line valves open and the flood level is sufficiently high. The IRWST is a low-pressure source that injects only after the reactor coolant system (RCS) is depressurized by the automatic depressurization system (ADS). All safety systems meet NRC requirements including single failure criteria, TMI-related lessons learned, and unresolved and generic safety issues. Elimination of the pump shaft seals greatly simplifies the auxiliary fluid systems that support a canned motor pump, reduces required maintenance and eliminates possible accidents involving seal failures. Integration of the pump suction into the bottom of the steam generator channel head: eliminates the crossover leg of coolant loop piping; reduces the loop pressure drop; simplifies the foundation and support system for the steam generator, pumps, and piping; and eliminates the potential for uncovering the core during a small LOCA.
- Le 2 e EPR à être construit dans le monde 100 e réacteur à être construit par AREVA Pour le scope AREVA L’installation d’AREVA sur le site de Flamanville se poursuit, 2 personnes sur le site. Fabrication des composants, tels la cuve et les générateurs de vapeur, est en bonne voie Certains des composants qui seront incorporés à la première phase du béton, comme les ancrages primaires ou les tubes pour capteurs d’instrumentation, ont été livrés sur le site en début d’année. Côté EDF; les travaux de génie civil avancent, sur l’îlot nucléaire, la construction de la « coque avion » progresse et atteint désormais 24 m de haut. La fabrication des piscines a également démarré.