Intro to cinema six modes presentation (1)
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Bill Nichols Six Modes of Presentation
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Intro to cinema six modes presentation (1)
- 1. Bill Nicholsâ Six Modes of Doecumentary { Brian Thompson, Laura Zalewski
- 2. Grouping the Voices of the Documentary ï Each documentary has its own voice ï There are six modes of representation that function like sub-genres of the documentary film genre itself ï Each mode arises through a growing sense if dissatisfaction among filmmakers with a previous mode ï The six modes are: ï Poetic ï Expository ï Participatory ï Observational ï Reflexive ï Performative
- 3. The Poetic Mode ï Stresses mood, tone, and effect more than displays of knowledge or acts or persuasion ï Began as a way of representing reality in terms of a series of fragments, subjective impressions, incoherent acts, and loose associations ï Draws on historical world for raw material, transforms the material in distinctive ways ï Moves away from the objective reality of a situation to grasp at an inner truth
- 4. Example of Poetic Mode ï Robert Flahertyâs Man of Aran ï http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pc1SkNsYHig
- 5. The Expository Mode ï Addresses the viewer directly, through either a voice of God commentary (speaker heard but not seen) or through a voice of authority commentary (speaker is heard and seen) ï Voice of God commentary is useful because it has the capacity to judge actions in the historical world without being caught up in them ï The tone of the commentator strives to build up a sense of credibility through qualities such as distance, neutrality, disinterestedness, or omniscience ï Relies heavily on an informing logic carried by the spoken word ï Emphasizes objectivity and well supported argument
- 6. Expository Mode Continued ï Commentary serves to organize the images and make sense of them ï With spoken word as the emphasis of expository documentaries, images serve a supporting role, illustrating, illuminating, evoking, or acting in counterpoint to what is said ï Editing in this mode serves to maintain the continuity of the spoken argument. Known as evidentiary editing ï The ideal mode for conveying information or mobilizing support through a film
- 7. Example of Expository Documentary ï Nature Documentaries ï http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DN3afhibu xU
- 8. Observational Mode ï Mode in which all forms of control that a filmmaker might exercise over staging, arrangement, or composition of a scene are sacrificed to observe the lived experience spontaneously ï Exemplified by the Direct Cinema Movement ï Attempted to accurately capture objective reality w/filmmaker as natural observer ï Nothing is staged, so camera has to rush to keep up with the action, can cause the footage to be rough or shaky ï Filmmaker is supposed to film the action as if he were a fly on the wall, do nothing but observe
- 9. Observational Mode Continued ï Films in this mode have no voice over commentary, supplementary music, sound effects, intertitles, historical reenactments, or interviews ï This mode raises some ethical questions like: ï Is the filmmaker intruding on the behavior of others? ï Does the filmmaker seek out others to represent because they possess qualities that may fascinate viewers for the wrong reasons? ï Example of Observational Documentary is Frederick Wisemanâs âHospitalâ (1970). ï http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_jZRlh5QTc