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AVANZADO 1
   Phrasal verbs are verbs that consist of a
    verb + a particle.
   Particles are also known as prepositions and
    adverbs. Here are the most common phrasal
    verb particles:
   - about, around, at away, back, down, for , in
    , into, off, on, out, over, through, to, up.
   First, try to make out the meaning of the whole
    phrasal verb as a unit. For example:
    ◦ look ( = to use your eyes)
    ◦ look up ( the opposite of down)
    ◦ Phrasal verb: Look the word up in the dictionary = ( look
      up= search for information in a book/computer)
   2. You need to know its grammar pattern by
    looking them up in a dictionary:
    ◦ Transitive = takes an object ( somebody=sb;
      something= sth)
    ◦ Intransitive= no object
    ◦ e.g.: bring back sth or bring sth back; look after sb/sth
   The most common verbs that form part of
    phrasal verbs refer to actions and have
    concrete meaning:
    ◦ break, bring, call, come, cut, get, give, go, keep,
      knock, look, make, pass, pick, pull, put, run , set
      ,take, turn
    ◦ Concrete meanings: She got on the bus ( entered)
    ◦ Meanings
      They often have an abstract/idiomatic meaning.
        e.g.: Jim and Mary don’t get on . ( = don’t like each other)
   Phrasal verbs can often be replaced by a
    single verb with more or less the same
    meaning. The single-verb synonym is often a
    more formal verb.
   E.g.: put off=(postpone)
   Take off= (remove)
   Turn up= (arrive)
   In some phrasal verbs, the particles have a
    clear basic meaning:
       e.g.: Jack invited me out = Let’s go out together.


   However, most paticles convey a different
    meaning of senses:
    ◦ Changing postition, e.g. in fall over
    ◦ An idea of thoroughness, e.g. read over ( read
      thoroughly), or talk over
   With verbs that have an object:
    ◦ Sometimes it has to go before the object of the verb:
      E.g.: I’m looking for my keys ( not: I’m looking my keys for)
    ◦ Sometimes it must go after the object:
      E.g.: I have a lot of work on ( not: I have on a lot of work)
    ◦ Sometimes the particle may go either before or after the
      object:
      E.g. The thunder woke up the children or The thunder woke
       the children up.

      If the object is a pronoun, then the particle must go after it,
       e.g. The thunder woke them up ( not: The thunder woke up
       them)
◦ In English we often create nouns from verbs, e.g. to
  invite/ an invitation. It is also possible to create
  them from phrasal verbs. Here are some examples:
  Tom: I got ripped off when I phoned that 0877 ( 092)
   number . The call cost five pounds a minute!( informal:
   I was charged too much)
  Lily: Yes, those numbers are a big rip-off!

  Mick: Her son dropped out of college last year. ( gave
   up his course)
  Pat: There were a lot of dropouts that year. I wonder
   why?
Understanding phrasal verbs
 Plural : we add –s to the particle, not the verb,
  e.g. dropouts, rip-offs.
 Verb+ particle nouns forms are sometimes
  written with a hyphen, e.g. break in, check-
  in, cover-up; and sometimes without, e.g.
  dropout, checkout, handout, leftovers
 Nouns with –in,-up usually have a hyphen,
  e.g. mix –up, put-down
 In pronunciation, the stress is on the verb, not
  the particle.
 A BREAK-in at the office, college DROPouts
A break -in   A College dropout
   Some phrasal verbs have nouns where the
    particle comes first. The stress is on the
    particle.

    ◦ e.g. fall down----downfall- The economic crisis
      caused the downfall of the government.
    ◦ Look on---onlooker. Crowds of onlookers watched
      as the police arrested the mass.
   There are also adjectives which are based on
    phrasal verbs.
    ◦ e.g. blocked-up drains ( drains where the water
      cannot flow properly).
   MULTIPLE MEANINGS OF PHRASAL VERBS
    ◦ 1. He got on the bus ( entered)

    ◦ 2. Shh! I’m trying to get on with my work.( continue
      doing it)

    ◦ 3. Jim and Ian get on really well. ( like each other)
They’re getting on the
                         They get on well
bus
   Sometimes the basic meanings of a phrasal
    verb and the additional meanings are clearly
    linked. This is because some additional
    meanings are based on a metaphor or image
    which is in connection with its literal or basic
    meaning.
        blow up a balloon
        blow up a building
        someones blows up- gets blown up
Understanding phrasal verbs
   Phrasal verbs are typical of spoken English or
    informal writing, e.g. letters to friends and
    articles in popular journalism.
   One-word equivalents, or synonyms, are
    more formal.
Blog exercises:
                         http://cursodeingles-
elena.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/unit-4-phrasal-
                                    verbs.html
AVANZADO 1

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Understanding phrasal verbs

  • 2. Phrasal verbs are verbs that consist of a verb + a particle.  Particles are also known as prepositions and adverbs. Here are the most common phrasal verb particles:  - about, around, at away, back, down, for , in , into, off, on, out, over, through, to, up.
  • 3. First, try to make out the meaning of the whole phrasal verb as a unit. For example: ◦ look ( = to use your eyes) ◦ look up ( the opposite of down) ◦ Phrasal verb: Look the word up in the dictionary = ( look up= search for information in a book/computer)  2. You need to know its grammar pattern by looking them up in a dictionary: ◦ Transitive = takes an object ( somebody=sb; something= sth) ◦ Intransitive= no object ◦ e.g.: bring back sth or bring sth back; look after sb/sth
  • 4. The most common verbs that form part of phrasal verbs refer to actions and have concrete meaning: ◦ break, bring, call, come, cut, get, give, go, keep, knock, look, make, pass, pick, pull, put, run , set ,take, turn ◦ Concrete meanings: She got on the bus ( entered) ◦ Meanings  They often have an abstract/idiomatic meaning.  e.g.: Jim and Mary don’t get on . ( = don’t like each other)
  • 5. Phrasal verbs can often be replaced by a single verb with more or less the same meaning. The single-verb synonym is often a more formal verb.  E.g.: put off=(postpone)  Take off= (remove)  Turn up= (arrive)
  • 6. In some phrasal verbs, the particles have a clear basic meaning:  e.g.: Jack invited me out = Let’s go out together.  However, most paticles convey a different meaning of senses: ◦ Changing postition, e.g. in fall over ◦ An idea of thoroughness, e.g. read over ( read thoroughly), or talk over
  • 7. With verbs that have an object: ◦ Sometimes it has to go before the object of the verb:  E.g.: I’m looking for my keys ( not: I’m looking my keys for) ◦ Sometimes it must go after the object:  E.g.: I have a lot of work on ( not: I have on a lot of work) ◦ Sometimes the particle may go either before or after the object:  E.g. The thunder woke up the children or The thunder woke the children up.  If the object is a pronoun, then the particle must go after it, e.g. The thunder woke them up ( not: The thunder woke up them)
  • 8. ◦ In English we often create nouns from verbs, e.g. to invite/ an invitation. It is also possible to create them from phrasal verbs. Here are some examples:  Tom: I got ripped off when I phoned that 0877 ( 092) number . The call cost five pounds a minute!( informal: I was charged too much)  Lily: Yes, those numbers are a big rip-off!  Mick: Her son dropped out of college last year. ( gave up his course)  Pat: There were a lot of dropouts that year. I wonder why?
  • 10.  Plural : we add –s to the particle, not the verb, e.g. dropouts, rip-offs.  Verb+ particle nouns forms are sometimes written with a hyphen, e.g. break in, check- in, cover-up; and sometimes without, e.g. dropout, checkout, handout, leftovers  Nouns with –in,-up usually have a hyphen, e.g. mix –up, put-down  In pronunciation, the stress is on the verb, not the particle.  A BREAK-in at the office, college DROPouts
  • 11. A break -in A College dropout
  • 12. Some phrasal verbs have nouns where the particle comes first. The stress is on the particle. ◦ e.g. fall down----downfall- The economic crisis caused the downfall of the government. ◦ Look on---onlooker. Crowds of onlookers watched as the police arrested the mass.
  • 13. There are also adjectives which are based on phrasal verbs. ◦ e.g. blocked-up drains ( drains where the water cannot flow properly).
  • 14. MULTIPLE MEANINGS OF PHRASAL VERBS ◦ 1. He got on the bus ( entered) ◦ 2. Shh! I’m trying to get on with my work.( continue doing it) ◦ 3. Jim and Ian get on really well. ( like each other)
  • 15. They’re getting on the They get on well bus
  • 16. Sometimes the basic meanings of a phrasal verb and the additional meanings are clearly linked. This is because some additional meanings are based on a metaphor or image which is in connection with its literal or basic meaning. blow up a balloon blow up a building someones blows up- gets blown up
  • 18. Phrasal verbs are typical of spoken English or informal writing, e.g. letters to friends and articles in popular journalism.  One-word equivalents, or synonyms, are more formal.
  • 19. Blog exercises: http://cursodeingles- elena.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/unit-4-phrasal- verbs.html