Hadoop is an open source software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications. Hadoop is licensed under the Apache v2 license. It is therefore generally known as Apache Hadoop. Hadoop has been developed, based on a paper originally written by Google on MapReduce system and applies concepts of functional programming. Hadoop is written in the Java programming language and is the highest-level Apache project being constructed and used by a global community of contributors. Hadoop was developed by Doug Cutting and Michael J. Cafarella. And just don't overlook the charming yellow elephant you see, which is basically named after Doug's son's toy elephant! The topics covered in presentation are: 1. Big Data Learning Path 2.Big Data Introduction 3. Hadoop and its Eco-system 4.Hadoop Architecture 5.Next Step on how to setup Hadoop

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Introduction to big data and hadoop

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Objectives
At the end of this session , you will understand the:
 Big Data Learning Paths
 Big Data Introduction
 Hadoop and Its Eco-System
 Hadoop Architecture
 Next Step on How to Setup Hadoop

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Big Data Learning Path
• Java / Python / Ruby
• Hadoop Eco-system
• NoSQL DB
• Spark
• Linux Administration
• Cluster Management
• Cluster Performance
• Virtualization
• Statistics Skills
• Machine Learning
• Hadoop Essentials
• Expertise in R
Developer/Testing
Administration
Data Analyst
Big Data and Hadoop
MapReduce
Design Patterns
Apache
Spark & Scala
Apache Cassandra
Linux Administration Hadoop Administration
Data Science
Business Analytics
Using R
Advance Predictive
Modelling in R
Talend for Big Data
Data Visualization
Using Tableau

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Un-structured Data is Exploding
Source: Twitter

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IBM’s Definition – Big Data Characteristics
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigdata/
IBM’s Definition of Big Data

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Annie’s Introduction
Hello There!!
My name is Annie.
I love quizzes and
puzzles and I am here to
make you guys think and
answer my questions.

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Annie’s Question
Map the following to corresponding data type:
» XML files, e-mail body
» Audio, Video, Images, Archived documents
» Data from Enterprise systems (ERP, CRM etc.)

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Annie’s Answer
Ans. XML files, e-mail body  Semi-structured data
Audio, Video, Image, Files, Archived documents  Unstructured data
Data from Enterprise systems (ERP, CRM etc.)  Structured data

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Further Reading
More on Big Data
http://www.edureka.in/blog/the-hype-behind-big-data/
Why Hadoop?
http://www.edureka.in/blog/why-hadoop/
Opportunities in Hadoop
http://www.edureka.in/blog/jobs-in-hadoop/
Big Data
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Data
IBM’s definition – Big Data Characteristics
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigdata/

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Common Big Data Customer Scenarios
 Web and e-tailing
» Recommendation Engines
» Ad Targeting
» Search Quality
» Abuse and Click Fraud Detection
 Telecommunications
» Customer Churn Prevention
» Network Performance Optimization
» Calling Data Record (CDR) Analysis
» Analysing Network to Predict Failure
http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/PoweredBy

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 Government
» Fraud Detection and Cyber Security
» Welfare Schemes
» Justice
 Healthcare and Life Sciences
» Health Information Exchange
» Gene Sequencing
» Serialization
» Healthcare Service Quality Improvements
» Drug Safety
http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/PoweredBy
Common Big Data Customer Scenarios (Contd.)

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Common Big Data Customer Scenarios (Contd.)
 Banks and Financial services
» Modeling True Risk
» Threat Analysis
» Fraud Detection
» Trade Surveillance
» Credit Scoring and Analysis
 Retail
» Point of Sales Transaction Analysis
» Customer Churn Analysis
» Sentiment Analysis
http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/PoweredBy

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Why DFS?
Read 1 TB Data
4 I/O Channels
Each Channel – 100 MB/s
1 Machine
4 I/O Channels
Each Channel – 100 MB/s
10 Machine

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Why DFS? (Contd.)
4 I/O Channels
Each Channel – 100 MB/s
1 Machine
4 I/O Channels
Each Channel – 100 MB/s
10 Machine
43 Minutes
Read 1 TB Data

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Why DFS? (Contd.)
4 I/O Channels
Each Channel – 100 MB/s
1 Machine
4 I/O Channels
Each Channel – 100 MB/s
10 Machine
4.3 Minutes43 Minutes
Read 1 TB Data

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RAM: 16GB
Hard disk: 6 x 2TB
Processor: Xenon with 2 cores
Ethernet: 3 x 10 GB/s
OS: 64-bit CentOS
Hadoop Cluster: A Typical Use Case
RAM: 16GB
Hard disk: 6 x 2TB
Processor: Xenon with 2 cores.
Ethernet: 3 x 10 GB/s
OS: 64-bit CentOS
RAM: 64 GB,
Hard disk: 1 TB
Processor: Xenon with 8 Cores
Ethernet: 3 x 10 GB/s
OS: 64-bit CentOS
Power: Redundant Power Supply
RAM: 32 GB,
Hard disk: 1 TB
Processor: Xenon with 4 Cores
Ethernet: 3 x 10 GB/s
OS: 64-bit CentOS
Power: Redundant Power Supply
Active NameNodeSecondary NameNode
DataNode DataNode
RAM: 64 GB,
Hard disk: 1 TB
Processor: Xenon with 8 Cores
Ethernet: 3 x 10 GB/s
OS: 64-bit CentOS
Power: Redundant Power Supply
StandBy NameNode

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Hidden Treasure
 Insight into data can provide Business Advantage.
 Some key early indicators can mean Fortunes to Business.
 More Precise Analysis with more data.
*Sears was using traditional systems such as Oracle Exadata, Teradata and SAS etc., to store and process the customer activity and sales data.
Case Study: Sears Holding Corporation
http://www.informationweek.com/it-leadership/why-sears-is-going-all-in-on-hadoop/d/d-id/1107038?

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Mostly Append
BI Reports + Interactive Apps
RDBMS (Aggregated Data)
ETL Compute Grid
Storage only Grid (Original Raw Data)
Collection
Inctrumentation
A meagre
10% of the
~2PB data is
available for
BI
Storage
2. Moving data to compute
doesn’t scale
90% of
the ~2PB
archived
Processing
3. Premature data
death
1. Can’t explore original
high fidelity raw data
Limitations of Existing Data Analytics Architecture

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Mostly Append
BI Reports + Interactive Apps
RDBMS (Aggregated Data)
Hadoop : Storage + Compute Grid
Collection
Instrumentation
Both
Storage
And
Processing
Entire ~2PB
Data is
available for
processing
No Data
Archiving
1. Data Exploration &
Advanced analytics
2. Scalable throughput for ETL &
aggregation
3. Keep data alive
forever
*Sears moved to a 300-Node Hadoop cluster to keep 100% of its data available for processing rather than a meagre 10% as
was the case with existing Non-Hadoop solutions.
Solution: A Combined Storage Computer Layer

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Annie’s Question
Hadoop is a framework that allows for the distributed
processing of:
» Small Data Sets
» Large Data Sets

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Annie’s Answer
Ans. Large Data Sets.
It is also capable of processing small data-sets. However, to
experience the true power of Hadoop, one needs to have
data in TB’s. Because this is where RDBMS takes hours and
fails whereas Hadoop does the same in couple of minutes.

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Hadoop Ecosystem
Pig Latin
Data Analysis
Hive
DW System
Other
YARN
Frameworks
(MPI, GRAPH)
HBaseMapReduce Framework
YARN
Cluster Resource Management
Apache Oozie
(Workflow)
HDFS
(Hadoop Distributed File System)
Hadoop 2.0
Sqoop
Unstructured or
Semi-structured Data Structured Data
Flume
Mahout
Machine Learning

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BATCH
(MapReduce)
INTERACTIVE
(Text)
ONLINE
(HBase)
STREAMING
(Storm, S4, …)
GRAPH
(Giraph)
IN-MEMORY
(Spark)
HPC MPI
(OpenMPI)
OTHER
(Search)
(Weave..)
http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable2/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/YARN.html
YARN – Moving beyond MapReduce

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Hadoop can run in any of the following three modes:
Fully-Distributed Mode
Pseudo-Distributed Mode
 No daemons, everything runs in a single JVM.
 Suitable for running MapReduce programs during development.
 Has no DFS.
 Hadoop daemons run on the local machine.
 Hadoop daemons run on a cluster of machines.
Standalone (or Local) Mode
Hadoop Cluster Modes

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Learning Path to Certification
CourseLIVE Online Class Class Recording in LMS
24/7 Post Class Support Module Wise Quiz and Assignment
Project Work
Verifiable Certificate
1. Assistance from Peers and
Support team
2. Review for Certification

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 CA - Single site cluster, therefore all nodes are always
in contact. When a partition occurs, the system blocks.
 CP - Some data may not be accessible, but the rest is
still consistent/accurate.
 AP - System is still available under partitioning, but
some of the data returned may be inaccurate.
Here is the brief description of three combinations CA, CP, AP :
Cap Theorem

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Further Reading
 Apache Hadoop and HDFS
http://www.edureka.in/blog/introduction-to-apache-hadoop-hdfs/
 Apache Hadoop HDFS Architecture
http://www.edureka.in/blog/apache-hadoop-hdfs-architecture/

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Assignment
Referring the documents present in the LMS under assignment solve the below problem.
How many such DataNodes you would need to read 100TB data in 5 minutes in your Hadoop Cluster?

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