Sanisera field school, session no. 8: Roman colonization processes, by Chris Watkins
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Sanisera field school, session no. 8: Roman colonization processes, by Chris Watkins
- 1. Roman Colonization Processes CHRIS WATKINS
- 2. Definitions 2 basic colonization models – the municipality and the colony Municipality – “a town or district that has local government” (OED) Colony – “a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country” (OED)
- 4. Basic Facts Municipium – A conquered town incorporated into the Empire Charters varied with each new municipality Sometimes full citizenship was given, more often limited rights were granted Municipalities that adopted Roman law were known as municipium fundanum Were controlled by local provincial government, not by Rome – was a major disadvantage compared to colonies
- 5. Notable Examples Municipalities with full citizenship Lanuvium, Aricia Municipalities with limited citizenship Fundi, Formiac Other examples Tarentum, Urso, Salpensa, Malaca
- 6. Colonies
- 7. Citizen versus Latin Colonies Citizen Colonies Populated by full Roman citizens, smaller Latin Colonies Populated by other Latins and Italian allies, tended to be much larger
- 8. Roman Citizenship Latini Socii Cives Provinciales Romani
- 9. Differences in Rights Hold different levels of citizenship – the full Cives Romani, or a Provinciales Citizen colonies had increased legal and military protection, while Latin colonies had more political freedom as well as improved benefits for settlers
- 10. Developments in Colonization Citizen Colonies – used to take up to 1/3 of the land of conquered peoples and moved their own citizens there Latin Colonies – an entirely new city was formed by the members of multiple leagues After the dissolution of the Latin League in 338 colonization became a central part of expanding Roman influence
- 11. Latinitas As Latin Colonies became more popular, their status eventually rose to that of Rome itself Latinitas was exportable – a social and cultural system that could be spread anywhere Helped hold the empire together during the final years
- 12. Notable Examples Citizen Colonies Ostia, Antium, Tarracina, Minturnae, Sinuessa, Castrum Novum, Sena Gallica, and Pyrgi Latin Colonies Copia-Thurii, Vibo-Valentia, Bononia, and Aquileia 61 Latin Colonies, 381 Roman Colonies
- 13. Sources Roman Colonization, PL McKendrick Roman Colonization and Expansion in Italy, ET Salmon Municipal Administration in the Roman Empire, Abbott and Johnson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_citizenship http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_League
Hinweis der Redaktion
- The difference between the two can be found in the definition
- Being under control of Rome directly meant that trade relationships would be easier to form
- Of course there were variations to this trend, but in general citizen colonies were mandated migrations, while Latin colonies were more of an amalgamation of peopleCitizen colonies used to keep native populations docile, form a defensive bastion at the extremes of the empireLatin Colonies tended to be more populous, and actually contained more Romans than citizen colonies – was good for the empire as people formerly ineligible for military service were granted the rights to join the army
- Cives Romani – full citizenship rights. Within this was the non optimo and the optimo jure, who were granted the additional right to vote and hold officeLatini – all the rights of the Cives Romani except they weren’t allowed to marry, offspring wouldn’t be given citizenship. Often given to convicted criminals as well as settlers in Latin ColoniesSocii – were groups of people given certain rights in return for service, often militaryProviniciales – held only basic legal rights, developed in response to an expanding empire
- Citizen Colonies – protection of Roman law (made them more commercially attractive in terms of trade), use of common Roman coinageLatin Colonies – held political independence, Romans who moved there compensated for loss of full citizenship with plots of land outside the city walls, and houses inside
- Latin Colony – when too many leagues participated in the war to divide the land between all the disparate groups, a central city was formedLatin League – used to be a group of many states on the Italian peninsula that broke apart from Rome in 338 because of pressure from Rome to have more influence. Meant that Rome didn’t have as much manpower to colonize with, and Romans were too proud to let other Italians be considered full Roman citizens
- Gave non-romans the opportunity to become roman through culture, law, and language