Bus Rapid Transit plus Transit Oriented Development - BRT-OD - Erik Vergel-Tovar - UNC Chapel Hill - presented at Transforming Transportation 2014 co-organized by EMBARQ and The World Bank

1. Bus Rapid Transit + Transit Oriented Development = BRT-OD?!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Eric Vergel-Tovar!
! University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill!
Transforming Transportation 2014!

2. Bus Rapid Transit
BRT
Transit oriented
development TOD
+
= BRT-OD?
TRANSFORMING TRANSPORTATION 2014
Session: Future Leaders in Sustainable Transportation
Erik Vergel-Tovar - PhD student UNC-CH
Research Fellow EMBARQ India
© IPPUC (2011)

3. Latin America
Asia
world leader on BRT… emerging leader on BRT
8,165,822 passengers per day
19,542,283 passengers per day
85 BRT
49 BRT
53%
20 BRT
Asia
7 BRT
7 BRT
1970s
1980s
33%
Latin America
Europe/North
America/Africa/
Oceania
1990s
2000s
2010s
© www.brtdata.org (2014)

4. New view of transit capacity
Passengers / hour direction
Bus Rapid Transit – BRT
3,000 6,000
Bus
© Vergel (2011)
LRT
12,000
25,000
45,000
Metro
Source: Bud Rapid transit: a review of recent advances (Lloyd Wright, 2012)

5. CURITIBA
Brazil 1974
© Vergel (2011)
BOGOTA
Colombia 2000
© Vergel (2011)
QUITO
Ecuador 1996
© Vergel (2011)
Ahmedabad
India 2009
Source:
Vergel
(2011)
© Vergel (2013)

6. Indore
India 2013
© Latheef (2013)

7. Transit Oriented Development
TOD
Arlington – Virginia USA
Source: http://sites.arlingtonva.us/rosslynsector/about/planning-in-arlington/

8. Transit Oriented Development
TOD
Curitiba – Brazil
© IPPUC (2011)

9. © Vergel (2012)
LAND USE AND
TRANSPORTATION
INTEGRATION?

10. METHODOLOGY
BRT Stop Jardim Botanico
Curitiba (Brazil)
Block
Quito
Guayaquil
Bogota
Goiânia
Sao
Paulo
Curi=ba
Segment
BRT Stop
(buffer area)
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

11. METHODS FACTOR ANALYSIS
Built
Environment
raw variables
X1……...X38 F1...Fk
X1……...X38
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
O1
Land Use
.
Building Heights .
Density
.
Development
.
Building heights .
.
Public Space
.
Housing
.
Parking
O82
Sidewalks
Data matrix
O1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
O82
Data matrix
Built
Environment
FACTORS
Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
Latin
America Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
India
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

12. METHODS CLUSTER ANALYSIS
BRT STOP TYPOLOGY CONCEPT
BRT
STOP
Type 1
BRT
STOP
Type 2
BRT
STOP
Type 3
BRT
STOP
Type 4
BRT CORRIDOR
BRT CORRIDOR
BRT CORRIDOR
BRT CORRIDOR
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

13. BRT TYPOLOGY LATIN AMERICA
1 (n=17)
2 (n=1)
Mean
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
-0.29
-0.46
-0.58
0.70
0.71
-0.81
-0.15
6 (n=11)
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
1.87
-2.41
-0.82
0.01
4.63
-1.20
-0.31
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
0.23
-0.25
0.06
-0.46
-0.46
-0.62
0.73
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
Mean
0.15
0.17
0.06
0.24
-0.58
-0.33
0.33
9 (n=5)
Mean
-0.62
-1.05
-0.77
-0.52
-0.52
0.50
-0.84
5 (n=2)
Mean
8 (n=16)
Mean
-0.39
-0.55
-0.39
-0.50
-0.72
-0.07
-0.76
4 (n=12)
Mean
7 (n=5)
Mean
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
3 (n=7)
Mean
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
10 (n=5)
Mean
-0.08
0.84
0.46
0.54
0.17
1.29
-0.16
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
4.57
0.52
-0.16
0.33
-0.26
-0.48
2.53
Mean
0.10
1.63
-0.40
-1.35
-0.25
0.13
1.00
Factor1
Factor2
Factor4
Factor5
Institutional
BRTO land use
Pop density
-0.15
-0.51
2.65
-0.75
0.81
0.48
-0.26

14. corr
idor
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
2
3
4
% seg 2-lanes
•
•
•
•
•
5
6
7
8
% seg 3-lanes
9
10
11
12
BRT
1
% seg-peds
12 BRT STOPS
1,114 Segments visited
92.83 segments/BRT stop
316 Blocks visited
26.33 blocks/BRT stop
G.P.O.
BRT Stop
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
BRT-oriented land uses
6
7
8
9
10
11
BRT unsupportive land uses
12
BRT
Indore

15. 100%
75%
Ramapir No Tekra
BRT Stop
50%
25%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
% seg 2-lanes
•
•
•
•
•
10
11
12
13
14
% seg 3-lanes
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
% seg-peds
21 BRT STOPS
3,630 Segments visited
172.86 segments/BRT stop
710 Blocks visited
33.81 blocks/BRT stop
BRT
Ahmedabad
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
BRT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
BRT-oriented land uses
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
BRT unsupportive land uses
20
21
or
orrid
c

16. BRT TYPOLOGY
1 (n=1)
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
2 (n=1)
-2.01
-0.69
-0.08
-0.95
1.17
-0.45
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
0.06
1.14
-0.61
-0.62
-0.10
0.19
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
5 (n=1)
1.47
-1.04
0.56
0.37
0.01
0.97
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
1.38
0.13
0.45
0.59
0.81
0.53
10 (n=3)
0.76
-0.21
1.09
-0.51
-0.07
0.26
-0.34
-1.01
-1.20
0.44
0.76
-1.04
14 (n=1)
0.64
-0.07
-0.82
-0.64
-0.12
-0.02
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
9 (n=2)
-0.94
-0.47
0.19
-1.35
2.78
1.50
13 (n=2)
0.23
0.39
-0.16
2.27
-1.11
-0.86
4 (n=3)
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
8 (n=2)
-0.13
0.43
-0.07
-0.30
-0.41
0.34
12 (n=2)
0.08
-0.58
1.24
1.51
-1.03
-0.80
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
7 (n=7)
-1.79
-0.09
0.76
-0.89
0.37
-0.71
11 (n=2)
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
3 (n=3)
-1.67
0.10
0.23
-0.34
-0.74
-0.81
6 (n=2)
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
INDIA
15 (n=1)
0.89
-1.22
-1.53
0.73
-1.16
-1.45
BRT-OD LU
Green spaces and parks
Entropy
Segment density
Average block size
Sidewalks
0.82
3.46
0.57
0.72
-0.91
0.73

17. MR – 9
2013
Shalimar Township
BRT
Vijay Nagar
MR – 9
2009
INDORE

18. 2013
BRT
AHMEDABAD
Sola Cross Roads
ISKON Mandir
Shastrinagar
2008

19. BRT STOP
TYPE 15
INDIA
“There is affordable housing at Sola Road, Paresnagar, Shastrinagar,
Pratrinagar, these areas, this stretch was built almost 20 years back,
more than 20 or 25 years back, which was public housing built by the
government” (Land use planner)
BRT-­‐OD
LU
consolidated
and
connected
Green
spaces
and
parks
Entropy
Segment
density
0.82
3.46
0.57
0.72
Average
block
size
-0.91
Sidewalks
BRT
STOP
SHASTRINAGAR
0.73
Mean Values (factors and std variables)
AHMEDABAD

20. BRT STOP
TYPE 8
INDIA
BRT-­‐OD
LU
consolidated
and
connected
-­‐0.94
-­‐0.47
Green
spaces
and
parks
Entropy
-­‐1.35
0.19
Segment
density
Sidewalks
BRTS STOP
ISKON MANDIR
AHMEDABAD
2.78
Average
block
size
“Just in front of ISKON Mandir BRT stop one
commercial development is being demolished for
a commercial redevelopment” (developer)
1.50

21. BRT
Indian cities are in transition
Latin America is giving us lessons
BRT-OD
What is the “T” in TOD?
Development/Redevelopment
Public Space and Affordable Housing
It is out there!
Let’s collect it!
© Vergel (2013)
DATA