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The Thyroid
Facts
• Ancestral origin developed as animals left sea
• Active starting from fetal age “week 4”
• Secreting at fetal age “week 18”
• Responsible for packaging iodide and
transporting it into the cell
• Also houses parafollicular cells (calcitonin)
• Shields the parathyroid gland (parathormone)
Post thyroidectomy testing:
Salmon Calcitonin
pathology
• Hypothyroidism –underactive
• Hyperthyroidism-overactive
• Subclinical Hypothyroidism-underactive
Hypo
• Age
• Infections (viral)
• Surgical
• Auto “digestion” (auto immunity s/e)
• Radiation (2011 Tohuko Earthquake/Tsunami)
• Cancer
• Drugs (lithium)
Hypo symptoms
• Fatigue/weakness
• Weight gain
• Depression
• Low voice
• Constipation
• Poor memory
• Intolerance to cold
• Brittle nails, dry skin, coarse/thin hair
• Irregular mense (>5-7 d)
Long term Hypo
• Intellectual disability/social out casting
• Psychological labeling
• Myxedema coma
• Heart failure +/-
hyper
• Autoimmune (early phase)
• Pregnancy
• Foods
• Infection/inflammation
• Iatrogenic
Hyper symptoms
• Nervousness/anxiety
• Weight loss
• Insomnia
• Irregular heart beat
• Diarrhea
• Hyperhydrosis, rash, thin falling hair
Long term Hyper
• Heart enlargement
• Myxedema (thick skin shins/feet)
• Graves ophthalmopathy
• Psychological labeling
“Subclinical” Hypo
• “Wastebasket Dx”
• Blood tests normal
• All the symptoms of Hypo
• Some studies show females > 60 = 20%
Long term Subclinical Hypo
• Social withdrawal
• Psychological labeling
• Withdrawal from western medicine (+)
• Small % go onto Hypo
Imbalances in a nutshell
• T4 (thyroxine)
• T3 (triiodothyronin)
• TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
T4
• The cool molecule created by land animals to
carry iodide throughout the blood and deliver
to the cell-most attached to TBG
• Most thyroxine is bound (but free is included
in the total)
• Free is “active” can be calculated
(FreeThyroxineIndex)
• Free T4 (0.9-1.8ng/dL)
T3
• Less in amount but also attached to TBG
• Seems to have greater effect on the way the
body utilizes energy
• Better to get free T3 (240-450pg/dL)
Exogenous hormone
• Levothyroxine sodium (levothyroid, levoxyl, synthroid)
• Dessicated thyroid (armour/nature thyroid)
• Armour=corn fed/Nature=grass fed)
• Compounded Armour
• Liothyroinine sodium (cytomel)
• Liotrix (thyrolar)
• Compounded Liotrix
• The New England Journal of Medicine 1999;340:424-429, 469-470
TSH
• Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
• Increase means brain thinks thyroid slow
• Decrease means brain thinks thyroid fast
• Supersensitive TSH (1-1.5mIU/L)
• THR (thyroid releasing hormone for pituitary
loop function)
Thyroid antibodies
• Thyroid peroxidase antibody
• Antithyroglobulin antibodies
• Problem: what is causing the antibodies to
attack?
• Further investigation (Naturopathy)
Goitrogens
• Cabbage
• Brussel sprouts
• Broccholi
• Califlower
• kale
Iodine
• Supplanted by the government in salt, and in
some countries flour and cooking oil
• Potassium iodide created after dash diet
• Lack of can cause goiter or low production
thyroid
• Poor nutrition bringing back low iodine
• Chlorine, florine, bromine compete

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DrRic The thyroid (slide share edition)

  • 2. Facts • Ancestral origin developed as animals left sea • Active starting from fetal age “week 4” • Secreting at fetal age “week 18” • Responsible for packaging iodide and transporting it into the cell • Also houses parafollicular cells (calcitonin) • Shields the parathyroid gland (parathormone)
  • 5. pathology • Hypothyroidism –underactive • Hyperthyroidism-overactive • Subclinical Hypothyroidism-underactive
  • 6. Hypo • Age • Infections (viral) • Surgical • Auto “digestion” (auto immunity s/e) • Radiation (2011 Tohuko Earthquake/Tsunami) • Cancer • Drugs (lithium)
  • 7. Hypo symptoms • Fatigue/weakness • Weight gain • Depression • Low voice • Constipation • Poor memory • Intolerance to cold • Brittle nails, dry skin, coarse/thin hair • Irregular mense (>5-7 d)
  • 8. Long term Hypo • Intellectual disability/social out casting • Psychological labeling • Myxedema coma • Heart failure +/-
  • 9. hyper • Autoimmune (early phase) • Pregnancy • Foods • Infection/inflammation • Iatrogenic
  • 10. Hyper symptoms • Nervousness/anxiety • Weight loss • Insomnia • Irregular heart beat • Diarrhea • Hyperhydrosis, rash, thin falling hair
  • 11. Long term Hyper • Heart enlargement • Myxedema (thick skin shins/feet) • Graves ophthalmopathy • Psychological labeling
  • 12. “Subclinical” Hypo • “Wastebasket Dx” • Blood tests normal • All the symptoms of Hypo • Some studies show females > 60 = 20%
  • 13. Long term Subclinical Hypo • Social withdrawal • Psychological labeling • Withdrawal from western medicine (+) • Small % go onto Hypo
  • 14. Imbalances in a nutshell • T4 (thyroxine) • T3 (triiodothyronin) • TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
  • 15. T4 • The cool molecule created by land animals to carry iodide throughout the blood and deliver to the cell-most attached to TBG • Most thyroxine is bound (but free is included in the total) • Free is “active” can be calculated (FreeThyroxineIndex) • Free T4 (0.9-1.8ng/dL)
  • 16. T3 • Less in amount but also attached to TBG • Seems to have greater effect on the way the body utilizes energy • Better to get free T3 (240-450pg/dL)
  • 17. Exogenous hormone • Levothyroxine sodium (levothyroid, levoxyl, synthroid) • Dessicated thyroid (armour/nature thyroid) • Armour=corn fed/Nature=grass fed) • Compounded Armour • Liothyroinine sodium (cytomel) • Liotrix (thyrolar) • Compounded Liotrix • The New England Journal of Medicine 1999;340:424-429, 469-470
  • 18. TSH • Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland • Increase means brain thinks thyroid slow • Decrease means brain thinks thyroid fast • Supersensitive TSH (1-1.5mIU/L) • THR (thyroid releasing hormone for pituitary loop function)
  • 19. Thyroid antibodies • Thyroid peroxidase antibody • Antithyroglobulin antibodies • Problem: what is causing the antibodies to attack? • Further investigation (Naturopathy)
  • 20. Goitrogens • Cabbage • Brussel sprouts • Broccholi • Califlower • kale
  • 21. Iodine • Supplanted by the government in salt, and in some countries flour and cooking oil • Potassium iodide created after dash diet • Lack of can cause goiter or low production thyroid • Poor nutrition bringing back low iodine • Chlorine, florine, bromine compete