1. .NET Framework Overview.NET Framework Overview
.NET Framework, CLR, MSIL, Assemblies, CTS, etc..NET Framework, CLR, MSIL, Assemblies, CTS, etc.
Doncho MinkovDoncho Minkov
Telerik School AcademyTelerik School Academy
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Technical TrainerTechnical Trainer
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2. Table of ContentsTable of Contents
1.1. What isWhat is .NET.NET??
Microsoft .NET platform architectureMicrosoft .NET platform architecture
1.1. What isWhat is .NET.NET FrameworkFramework??
.NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture
1.1. Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
2.2. Managed CodeManaged Code
3.3. Intermediate LanguageIntermediate Language MSILMSIL
4.4. Assemblies and MetadataAssemblies and Metadata
5.5. .NET Applications.NET Applications

3. Table of ContentsTable of Contents (2)(2)
8.8. Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) andand
integration of different languagesintegration of different languages
 Common Language Specification (CLS)Common Language Specification (CLS)
 Common Type System (CTS)Common Type System (CTS)
8.8. Framework Class LibraryFramework Class Library
9.9. Integrated Development EnvironmentIntegrated Development Environment VisualVisual
StudioStudio

4. .NET Framework.NET Framework
Microsoft's Platform forMicrosoft's Platform for
Application DevelopmentApplication Development

5. What is the .NET PlatformWhat is the .NET Platform??
 The .NET platformThe .NET platform
Microsoft's platform for software developmentMicrosoft's platform for software development
Unified technology for development of almostUnified technology for development of almost
any kind of applicationsany kind of applications
 GUI / Web / RIA / mobile / server / cloud / etc.GUI / Web / RIA / mobile / server / cloud / etc.
 .NET platform versions.NET platform versions
.NET Framework.NET Framework
Silverlight / Windows Phone 7Silverlight / Windows Phone 7
.NET Compact Framework.NET Compact Framework

6. What isWhat is .NET Framework?.NET Framework?
 .NET Framework.NET Framework
An environment for developing andAn environment for developing and
executingexecuting .NET.NET applicationsapplications
Unified programming modelUnified programming model,, set of languages,set of languages,
class librariesclass libraries,, infrastructure, components andinfrastructure, components and
tools for application developmenttools for application development
Environment for controlled execution ofEnvironment for controlled execution of
managed codemanaged code
 It is commonly assumed thatIt is commonly assumed that
.NET platform == .NET Framework.NET platform == .NET Framework

7. ..NET Framework ComponentsNET Framework Components
 Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime (CLR)(CLR)
Environment for controlled executionEnvironment for controlled execution ofof
programmed codeprogrammed code –– like a virtual machinelike a virtual machine
ExecutesExecutes .NET.NET applicationsapplications
 Framework Class LibraryFramework Class Library (FCL)(FCL)
StandardStandard class library for .NET developmentclass library for .NET development
Delivers basic functionality for developingDelivers basic functionality for developing:: XML,XML,
ADO.NET, LINQ, ASP.NET, WPF, WCF, WWF,ADO.NET, LINQ, ASP.NET, WPF, WCF, WWF,
Silverlight, Web services, Windows Forms,Silverlight, Web services, Windows Forms, ......
 SDK, compilers and toolsSDK, compilers and tools

8. .NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture
The OSThe OS manages themanages the resourcesresources,, thethe
processes and the users of the machineprocesses and the users of the machine
Provides to the applications someProvides to the applications some
services (threadsservices (threads,, I/O, GDI+, DirectX,I/O, GDI+, DirectX,
COM, COM+, MSMQ, IIS, WMI, …)COM, COM+, MSMQ, IIS, WMI, …)
CLR is a separate process in the OSCLR is a separate process in the OS
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)

9. Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
CLR managesCLR manages the execution ofthe execution of
the.NET codethe.NET code
Manages the memoryManages the memory,,
concurrencyconcurrency,, securitysecurity, ..., ...
.NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture (2)(2)
CLRCLR

10. Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Base Class Library (BCL)Base Class Library (BCL)
.NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture ((33))
Rich object-oriented library withRich object-oriented library with
fundamental classesfundamental classes
Input-output, collections, textInput-output, collections, text
processing, networking,processing, networking, securitysecurity,,
multi-threadingmulti-threading,, ……

11. Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Base Class Library (BCL)Base Class Library (BCL)
ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)
.NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture ((44))
Database accessDatabase access
ADO.NET, LINQ, LINQ-to-SQL andADO.NET, LINQ, LINQ-to-SQL and
Entity FrameworkEntity Framework
Strong XML supportStrong XML support

12. Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Base Class Library (BCL)Base Class Library (BCL)
ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)
.NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture ((55))
WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)
Windows CommunicationWindows Communication
Foundation (WCF) and WindowsFoundation (WCF) and Windows
Workflow Foundation (WWF) forWorkflow Foundation (WWF) for
the SOA worldthe SOA world

13. Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Base Class Library (BCL)Base Class Library (BCL)
ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)
.NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture ((66))
WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)
ASP.NETASP.NET
Web Forms, MVC, AJAXWeb Forms, MVC, AJAX
Mobile Internet ToolkitMobile Internet Toolkit
WindowsWindows
FormsForms
WPFWPF SilverlightSilverlight
User interface technologies: Web based,User interface technologies: Web based,
Windows GUI, WPF, Silverlight, mobile,Windows GUI, WPF, Silverlight, mobile,
……

14. Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Base Class Library (BCL)Base Class Library (BCL)
ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)
.NET Framework Architecture.NET Framework Architecture ((77))
WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)
ASP.NETASP.NET
Web Forms, MVC, AJAXWeb Forms, MVC, AJAX
Mobile Internet ToolkitMobile Internet Toolkit
WindowsWindows
FormsForms
WPFWPF SilverlightSilverlight
C#C# C++C++ VB.NETVB.NET J#J# F#F# JScriptJScript PerlPerl DelphiDelphi ……
Programming language on your flavor!Programming language on your flavor!

15. .NET Framework 4.0.NET Framework 4.0
15

16. The FutureThe Future
16

17. Common LanguageCommon Language
RuntimeRuntime ((CLRCLR))
The Heart of .NET FrameworkThe Heart of .NET Framework

18. Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime ((CLRCLR))
 Managed execution environmentManaged execution environment
Controls the execution of managedControls the execution of managed ..NETNET
programming codeprogramming code
 Something like virtual machineSomething like virtual machine
Like the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)Like the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
 Not an interpreterNot an interpreter
Compilation on-demand is usedCompilation on-demand is used
 Known asKnown as Just In Time (JIT) compilationJust In Time (JIT) compilation
 Possible compilation in advance (Ngen)Possible compilation in advance (Ngen)

19. ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities ofof CLRCLR
 Execution of theExecution of the IL codeIL code andand the JITthe JIT
compilationcompilation
 Managing memory and application resourcesManaging memory and application resources
 Ensuring type safetyEnsuring type safety
 Interaction with the OSInteraction with the OS
 Managing securityManaging security
Code access securityCode access security
Role-based securityRole-based security

20. ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities ofof CLRCLR (2)(2)
 Managing exceptionsManaging exceptions
 Managing concurrencyManaging concurrency –– controlling thecontrolling the
parallel execution of applicationparallel execution of application threadsthreads
 Managing application domains and theirManaging application domains and their
isolationisolation
 Interaction with unmanaged codeInteraction with unmanaged code
 SupportingSupporting debug /debug /
profile of .NET codeprofile of .NET code

21. CLR ArchitectureCLR Architecture
Class LoaderClass Loader
IL to NativeIL to Native
JIT CompilerJIT Compiler
CodeCode
ManagerManager
GarbageGarbage
CollectorCollector
Security EngineSecurity Engine Debug EngineDebug Engine
Type CheckerType Checker Exception ManagerException Manager
Thread SupportThread Support COM MarshalerCOM Marshaler
Base Class Library SupportBase Class Library Support

22. Managed andManaged and
Unmanaged CodeUnmanaged Code
What is the Difference?What is the Difference?

23. Managed CodeManaged Code
 CLR executed code is calledCLR executed code is called managed codemanaged code
 Represents programming code in the low levelRepresents programming code in the low level
languagelanguage MSILMSIL (MS Intermediate Language)(MS Intermediate Language)
 Contains metadataContains metadata
Description of classesDescription of classes,, interfacesinterfaces,, propertiesproperties,,
fieldsfields,, methodsmethods,, parameters, etc.parameters, etc.
 ProgramsPrograms,, written in anywritten in any .NET language are.NET language are
Compiled to managed codeCompiled to managed code (MSIL)(MSIL)
Packaged as assemblies (Packaged as assemblies (.exe.exe oror ..dlldll files)files)

24. Managed CodeManaged Code (2)(2)
 Object-orientedObject-oriented
 SecureSecure
 ReliableReliable
Protected fromProtected from irregularirregular use of typesuse of types ((type-safe)type-safe)
 Allows integration between components andAllows integration between components and
data types of different programmingdata types of different programming
languageslanguages
 Portable between different platformsPortable between different platforms
Windows, Linux, Max OS X, etc.Windows, Linux, Max OS X, etc.

25. Unmanaged (Win32) CodeUnmanaged (Win32) Code
 No protection of memory and type-safetyNo protection of memory and type-safety
Reliability problemsReliability problems
Safety problemsSafety problems
 Doesn’t contain metadataDoesn’t contain metadata
Needs additional overhead like (e.g. use COM)Needs additional overhead like (e.g. use COM)
 Compiled to machine-dependent codeCompiled to machine-dependent code
Need of different versions for differentNeed of different versions for different
platformsplatforms
Hard to be ported to other platformsHard to be ported to other platforms

26. Memory ManagementMemory Management
 CLR manages memory automaticallyCLR manages memory automatically
Dynamically loadedDynamically loaded objects are stored in theobjects are stored in the
managed heapmanaged heap
Unusable objects are automatically cleaned upUnusable objects are automatically cleaned up
by theby the garbage collectorgarbage collector
 Some of the big problems are solvedSome of the big problems are solved
Memory leaksMemory leaks
Access to freed or unallocated memoryAccess to freed or unallocated memory
 Objects are accessed through a referenceObjects are accessed through a reference

27. IntermediateIntermediate
Language (MSIL)Language (MSIL)

28. Intermediate LanguageIntermediate Language
((MSILMSIL,, ILIL,, CIL)CIL)
 Low level languageLow level language ((machine languagemachine language)) for thefor the
.NET CLR.NET CLR
 Has independent set of CPU instructionsHas independent set of CPU instructions
Loading and storing data, calling methodsLoading and storing data, calling methods
Arithmetic and logical operationsArithmetic and logical operations
Exception handlingException handling
Etc.Etc.
 MSIL is converted to instructions for theMSIL is converted to instructions for the
current physical CPU by the JIT compilercurrent physical CPU by the JIT compiler

29. SampleSample MSIL ProgramMSIL Program
.method private hidebysig static void Main() cil managed.method private hidebysig static void Main() cil managed
{{
.entrypoint.entrypoint
// Code size 11 (0xb)// Code size 11 (0xb)
.maxstack 8.maxstack 8
ldstr "Hello, world!"ldstr "Hello, world!"
call voidcall void
[mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)[mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
retret
} // end of method HelloWorld::Main} // end of method HelloWorld::Main

30. Compilation and ExecutionCompilation and Execution
CompilationCompilation
ExecutionExecution
JITJIT
compilercompiler
MachineMachine
codecode
MSILMSIL
CodeCode
MetadataMetadata
SourceSource
codecode
LanguageLanguage
compilercompiler
AssemblyAssembly
(.EXE or(.EXE or
.DLL file).DLL file)
When givenWhen given
method is calledmethod is called
for the first timefor the first time
Pre-compilationPre-compilation
during theduring the
install (NGEN)install (NGEN)

31. .NET Applications.NET Applications
Assemblies, Metadata and ApplicationsAssemblies, Metadata and Applications

32. .NET Assemblies.NET Assemblies
 .NET assemblies:.NET assemblies:
Self-containing .NET componentsSelf-containing .NET components
 Stored in .DLL and .EXE filesStored in .DLL and .EXE files
Contain list of classes, types and resourcesContain list of classes, types and resources
Smallest deployment unit in CLRSmallest deployment unit in CLR
Have unique version numberHave unique version number
 .NET deployment model.NET deployment model
No version conflicts (forget the "DLL hell")No version conflicts (forget the "DLL hell")
Supports side-by-side execution of differentSupports side-by-side execution of different
versions of the same assemblyversions of the same assembly

33. Metadata in the AssembliesMetadata in the Assemblies
 Metadata in the .NET assembliesMetadata in the .NET assemblies
Data about data contained in the assemblyData about data contained in the assembly
Integral part of the assemblyIntegral part of the assembly
Generated by the .NET languages compilerGenerated by the .NET languages compiler
Describes all classes, their class members,Describes all classes, their class members,
versions, resources, etc.versions, resources, etc.

34. Metadata in AssembliesMetadata in Assemblies
Type DescriptionType Description
Assembly DescriptionAssembly Description
Classes, interfaces, inner types, base
classes, implemented interfaces,
member fields, properties, methods,
method parameters, return value,
attributes, etc.
Dependencies on other assembliesDependencies on other assemblies
SecuritySecurity permissionspermissions
Exported typesExported types
Dependencies on other assembliesDependencies on other assemblies
SecuritySecurity permissionspermissions
Exported typesExported types
[digital[digital
signature]signature]
[digital[digital
signature]signature]
NameName
VersionVersion
LocalizationLocalization
NameName
VersionVersion
LocalizationLocalization

35. ..NETNET ApplicationsApplications
 Configurable executable .NET unitsConfigurable executable .NET units
 Consist of one or more assembliesConsist of one or more assemblies
 Installed by "copy / paste"Installed by "copy / paste"
No complex registration of componentsNo complex registration of components
 Different applications use different versions ofDifferent applications use different versions of
common assembliescommon assemblies
No conflicts due to their "strong name"No conflicts due to their "strong name"
 Easy installationEasy installation,, un-installation and updateun-installation and update

36. Common Type System (CTS)Common Type System (CTS)
 CTS defines the CLRCTS defines the CLR supported types ofsupported types of
data and the operations over themdata and the operations over them
 Ensures data level compatibility betweenEnsures data level compatibility between
different .NETdifferent .NET languageslanguages
E.g.E.g. stringstring inin C#C# is the same likeis the same like StringString inin
VB.NETVB.NET and inand in J#J#
 Value types and reference typesValue types and reference types
 All types derive fromAll types derive from System.ObjectSystem.Object

37. The .NET LanguagesThe .NET Languages
C#,VB.NET, C++, J#, etc.C#,VB.NET, C++, J#, etc.

38. ..NET LanguagesNET Languages
 .NET languages by Microsoft.NET languages by Microsoft
C#, VB.NET, Managed C++, J#, F#,C#, VB.NET, Managed C++, J#, F#, JScriptJScript
 .NET languages.NET languages by third partiesby third parties
Object Pascal, Perl, Python, COBOL, Haskell,Object Pascal, Perl, Python, COBOL, Haskell,
Oberon, Scheme, Smalltalk…Oberon, Scheme, Smalltalk…
 Different languages can be mixed in a singleDifferent languages can be mixed in a single
applicationapplication
 Cross-language inheritance of types andCross-language inheritance of types and
exception handlingexception handling

39. C# LanguageC# Language
 C# is mixture between C++, Java and DelphiC# is mixture between C++, Java and Delphi
 Fully object-oriented by designFully object-oriented by design
 Component-oriented programming modelComponent-oriented programming model
 ComponentsComponents,, properties and eventsproperties and events
 No header files like C/C++No header files like C/C++
 Suitable forSuitable for GUIGUI andand WebWeb applicationsapplications
 XML based documentationXML based documentation
 InIn C# all data types are objectsC# all data types are objects
 Example:Example: 5.ToString()5.ToString() is a valid callis a valid call

40. C# Language – ExampleC# Language – Example
 C# is standardized byC# is standardized by ECMA and ISOECMA and ISO
 Example of C# program:Example of C# program:
using System;using System;
class NumbersFrom1to100class NumbersFrom1to100
{{
static void Main()static void Main()
{{
for (int i=1; i<=100; i++)for (int i=1; i<=100; i++)
{{
Console.WriteLine(i);Console.WriteLine(i);
}}
}}
}}

41. Framework ClassFramework Class
Library (FCL)Library (FCL)
Standard Out-of-the-box .NET APIsStandard Out-of-the-box .NET APIs

42. Framework Class Library (FCL)Framework Class Library (FCL)
 Framework Class Library is the standardFramework Class Library is the standard
.NET Framework library of out-of-the-box.NET Framework library of out-of-the-box
reusable classes and components (APIs)reusable classes and components (APIs)
Base Class Library (BCL)Base Class Library (BCL)
ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)
WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)
ASP.NETASP.NET
Web Forms, MVC, AJAXWeb Forms, MVC, AJAX
Mobile Internet ToolkitMobile Internet Toolkit
WindowsWindows
FormsForms
WPFWPF SilverlightSilverlight

43. FCL NamespacesFCL Namespaces
ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)ADO.NET, LINQ and XML (Data Tier)
WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)WCF and WWF (Communication and Workflow Tier)
ASP.NETASP.NET
Web Forms, MVC, AJAXWeb Forms, MVC, AJAX
Mobile Internet ToolkitMobile Internet Toolkit
WindowsWindows
FormsForms
WPF & SilverlightWPF & Silverlight
System.WebSystem.WebSystem.WebSystem.Web
System.Web.MvcSystem.Web.MvcSystem.Web.MvcSystem.Web.Mvc
System.WindowsSystem.Windows
.Forms.Forms
System.WindowsSystem.Windows
.Forms.Forms
System.DrawingSystem.DrawingSystem.DrawingSystem.Drawing
System.WindowsSystem.WindowsSystem.WindowsSystem.Windows
System.Windows.MediaSystem.Windows.MediaSystem.Windows.MediaSystem.Windows.Media
System.Windows.MarkupSystem.Windows.MarkupSystem.Windows.MarkupSystem.Windows.Markup
System.ServiceModelSystem.ServiceModelSystem.ServiceModelSystem.ServiceModel System.ActivitiesSystem.ActivitiesSystem.ActivitiesSystem.Activities System.WorkflowSystem.WorkflowSystem.WorkflowSystem.Workflow
System.DataSystem.DataSystem.DataSystem.Data System.LinqSystem.LinqSystem.LinqSystem.Linq
System.Data.LinqSystem.Data.LinqSystem.Data.LinqSystem.Data.Linq
System.XmlSystem.XmlSystem.XmlSystem.Xml
System.Xml.LinqSystem.Xml.LinqSystem.Xml.LinqSystem.Xml.Linq System.Data.EntitySystem.Data.EntitySystem.Data.EntitySystem.Data.Entity

44. Visual Studio IDEVisual Studio IDE
Powerful Development Environment for .NETPowerful Development Environment for .NET

45. Visual StudioVisual Studio
 Visual Studio is powerful IntegratedVisual Studio is powerful Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) for .NETDevelopment Environment (IDE) for .NET
DevelopersDevelopers
Create, edit, compile and run .NET applicationsCreate, edit, compile and run .NET applications
Different languagesDifferent languages –– C#, CC#, C++,++, VB.NET,VB.NET, J#, …J#, …
FlexibleFlexible code editorcode editor
PowerfulPowerful debuggerdebugger
Integrated with SQL ServerIntegrated with SQL Server andand IISIIS
Strong support of Web services, WCF and WWFStrong support of Web services, WCF and WWF

46. Visual StudioVisual Studio (2)(2)
 Visual programmingVisual programming
Component-orientedComponent-oriented,, event basedevent based
 Managed and unmanaged codeManaged and unmanaged code
 Helpful wizards and editorsHelpful wizards and editors
Windows Forms DesignerWindows Forms Designer
WCF / Silverlight DesignerWCF / Silverlight Designer
ASP.NET Web Forms DesignerASP.NET Web Forms Designer
ADO.NET / LINQ-to-SQL / XML Data DesignerADO.NET / LINQ-to-SQL / XML Data Designer
 Many third party extensionsMany third party extensions

47. Visual StudioVisual Studio IDEIDE

48. .NET Framework Overview.NET Framework Overview
Questions?Questions?
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