Future Thinking Project

Architecture Andrew Sledger Hamilton Boys’ High School Proof-read by Parent/Caregiver: _

Contents Page Title Page Contents Page Mind-map Timeline Classical Architecture Classical Example Modern Architecture Modern Example Practical Architecture Practical Example Sustainable Architecture Sustainable Example What I learnt Bibliography The Leadenhall Building London, England

Timeline of project Proof read slideshow 30th May Finish slideshow 30th May Print slideshow 2nd June Present slideshow 3rd June

Classical Renaissance Greek Some materials used were: -Wood, used for supports and roof beams; -Plaster, used for sinks and bathtubs; -Unbaked brick, used for walls; -Limestone and marble, used for columns, walls, and upper portions of temples and public buildings; -Terracotta, used for roof tiles and ornaments; -Metals, especially bronze, used for decorative details. There were mostly five simple types of buildings: Religious, civic, domestic, funerary, or recreational. Hellenistic In the “Hellenistic” era, Greeks still built temples, but they built more big public buildings. They built more amphitheatres and places to exercise (gymnasia). Roman The Romans often used vaults and arches, and knew a lot about hydraulics and building materials in particular. Medieval Pre-Romanesque The primary theme during this period is the introduction of classical Mediterranean and Christian forms with Germanic ones creating innovative new forms Romanesque Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, and cruciform piers supporting vaults. Gothic Gothic contains a lot of stone structures with great expanses of glass, pointed arches using ribbed vaults, clustered columns, pointed spires and flying buttresses.

Classical Example The Colosseum Built by/for: Vespasian Titus Constructed: 1st Century AD Type of Building: Amphitheatre Structure: Travertine stone set without mortar, held together by 300 tons of iron clamps. The Colosseum itself was a many tiered oval structure, with seating for 50,000 people, and a wooden arena floor with two levels of passages, dressing rooms, cages, cells and storage spaces. In the Colosseum, you could see boxing matches, archery, chariot races and female fighters. There were also sea battles when the whole Colosseum was flooded by a nearby viaduct. The last event in the Colosseum was 523 A.D.

Modern Modernism Postmodernism Modern architecture is usually categorized by: The idea that the materials and functional requirements determine the result The “machine aesthetic” or beauty of the machine An emphasis on vertical and horizontal lines Creating a decoration using the design of a building, or the refusal of decoration. Simplicity and eliminating unnecessary detail Form follows function Articulated shape Postmodern architecture is usually categorized by: The use of sculptural forms and ornaments Giving materials and objects human characteristics (Anthropomorphism) Meaning (This may include pluralism, double coding, flying buttresses and high ceilings, irony and paradox, and harmonizing with urban forms) Creating the illusion of space or depths where none actually exist (Trompe-l'œil) V Postmodernism Modernism “Modernist architects regard post-modern buildings as vulgar ... Postmodern architects often regard modern spaces as soulless and bland. The divergence in opinions comes down to a difference in goals: modernism is rooted in minimal and true use of material as well as absence of ornament, while postmodernism is a rejection of strict rules set by the early modernists and seeks exuberance in the use of building techniques, angles, and stylistic references.” Wikipedia.

Modern Example Heiss House Architect: Peter Downes Designs Constructed: 2002 Home type: Single family dwelling Structure: Steel and timber This Australian house is just 20 minutes drive from Sydney’s CBD, built on a section of indigenous forest. The original design was rejected by the council because it involved cutting down a lot of the trees. Their second design involved zig-zagging the outline of the building between the trees, saving all but one tree. The result is truly stunning.

Practical Architecture Requirements of Practicality Utility A building must do what it is required to do well. Economy A building must not cost lots to build and maintain. The building must also remain quality and value with time. Environment A building must be built with consideration to the renewability of materials, energy used, processing, shipping and installation. Reliability A building must be built to resist the forces that could damage or depreciate the structure. Comfort A building must have thought put into lighting, acoustics, sanitation, climate, healthy environments and must be easy to use.

Practical Example The Skybox Architect: Melling:Morse Architects Ltd. Constructed: 2001-2002 Home Type: City house Structure: 3-level timber box bolted to steel frame The Skybox is simply a narrow, 3 storey building sat atop a Wellington warehouse. It is of minimalist design, with a nice wooden interior. It has two bedrooms, an electric hoist to get furniture up and down and also has a “loggia” (a room with one side open to the elements).

Sustainable Architecture Requirements of Sustainability What is Sustainable Architecture? Building Materials Recycled Materials Lower Volatile Organic Compounds Waste Management Composting Grey Water Water Management Rainwater Harvesting Grey Water Building Placement Mixed use zoning Energy Efficiency Heating and Cooling Ventilation Renewable energy Solar Panels Wind Turbines Solar Heating Sustainable Architecture usually describes using design techniques that are environmentally- friendly to design buildings.

Sustainable Example Wind House Architect: WOHA Constructed: 2004-2006 Home Type: 2-storey detached dwelling Structure: Reinforced concrete with steelwork, and pad footings The Wind House was designed especially to capture the winds of Singapore and deflect them through certain openings and windows in the house, via extended walls on either side of the house (see diagram). It has lovely views of the nearby Botanical Gardens, and also a sense of privacy and seclusion. This house is a lovely structure of steel, glass and concrete, and harmonizes with nature in many ways. Northeast wind House Southwest wind

What I learnt about the topic ,[object Object]

Future Thinking Project

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