SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 26
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Risk Management Foundations for DLs:
    DRAMBORA (Digital Repository Audit
     Method Based on Risk Assessment)
Perla Innocenti, Andrew McHugh, Seamus Ross, Raivo Ruusalepp

Digital Curation Centre (DCC), DigitalPreservationEurope (DPE),
 HATII at the University of Glasgow  National Archives of the
                          Netherlands

      DELOS 2nd Workshop on Foundations of Digital Libraries
                ECDL 2007, Budapest 20/09/07

              Risk Management Foundations for DLs:                1
About
•   Digital Libraries and Preservation
•   How can we measure performance
•   Introduction to the DRAMBORA Toolkit
•   Progress on applying it to DLs

                           Keels and
                           Laying the
                           Keel


           Risk Management Foundations for DLs:   2
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora
Delos Drambora

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Delos Drambora

Drambora Barcelona07
Drambora Barcelona07Drambora Barcelona07
Drambora Barcelona07guestccde1f
 
KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...
KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...
KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...JISC KeepIt project
 
Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...
Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...
Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...Waldir Moreira
 
Android malware detection through online learning
Android malware detection through online learningAndroid malware detection through online learning
Android malware detection through online learningIJARIIT
 
ACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
ACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTSACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
ACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTSIJCNCJournal
 
Actor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing Environments
Actor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing EnvironmentsActor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing Environments
Actor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing EnvironmentsIJCNCJournal
 
Local content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providers
Local content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providersLocal content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providers
Local content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providerslocloud
 
The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...
The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...
The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...Chris Rusbridge
 
Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library
Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library
Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library Asheesh Kamal
 
A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...
A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...
A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...Shalu Singh
 
DSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node Webinar
DSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node WebinarDSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node Webinar
DSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node WebinarDeltares
 
Digital Curation In Context
Digital Curation In ContextDigital Curation In Context
Digital Curation In ContextCarolyn Hank
 
Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...
Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...
Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...James Powell
 

Ähnlich wie Delos Drambora (17)

Drambora Barcelona07
Drambora Barcelona07Drambora Barcelona07
Drambora Barcelona07
 
KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...
KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...
KeepIt Course 5: DRAMBORA: Risk and Trust and Data Management, by Martin Donn...
 
Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...
Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...
Social-aware Opportunistic Routing Protocol based on User's Interactions and ...
 
Drambora Hans Hofman
Drambora Hans HofmanDrambora Hans Hofman
Drambora Hans Hofman
 
603535ransomware
603535ransomware603535ransomware
603535ransomware
 
Android malware detection through online learning
Android malware detection through online learningAndroid malware detection through online learning
Android malware detection through online learning
 
ACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
ACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTSACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
ACTOR CRITIC APPROACH BASED ANOMALY DETECTION FOR EDGE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
 
Actor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing Environments
Actor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing EnvironmentsActor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing Environments
Actor Critic Approach based Anomaly Detection for Edge Computing Environments
 
Local content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providers
Local content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providersLocal content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providers
Local content in a Europeana cloud for small & medium content providers
 
The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...
The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...
The Distributed National Electronic Resource and the Electronic Libraries Pro...
 
Data Science for Cyber Risk
Data Science for Cyber RiskData Science for Cyber Risk
Data Science for Cyber Risk
 
Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library
Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library
Preparation, Proceed and Review of preservation of Digital Library
 
A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...
A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...
A Robust Deinterlacing Multiple Image Watermarking Technique in Discrete Wave...
 
DSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node Webinar
DSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node WebinarDSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node Webinar
DSD-INT 2020 DANUBIUS-RI Modelling Node Webinar
 
Invention and Innovation
Invention and InnovationInvention and Innovation
Invention and Innovation
 
Digital Curation In Context
Digital Curation In ContextDigital Curation In Context
Digital Curation In Context
 
Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...
Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...
Using Architectures for Semantic Interoperability to Create Journal Clubs for...
 

Mehr von DigitalPreservationEurope

Digital Preservation Process: Preparation and Requirements
Digital Preservation Process: Preparation and RequirementsDigital Preservation Process: Preparation and Requirements
Digital Preservation Process: Preparation and RequirementsDigitalPreservationEurope
 
Significant Characteristics In Planets Manfred Thaller
Significant Characteristics In Planets Manfred ThallerSignificant Characteristics In Planets Manfred Thaller
Significant Characteristics In Planets Manfred ThallerDigitalPreservationEurope
 
Scalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross King
Scalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross KingScalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross King
Scalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross KingDigitalPreservationEurope
 
Preservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian Upshall
Preservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian UpshallPreservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian Upshall
Preservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian UpshallDigitalPreservationEurope
 
Preservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore Mele
Preservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore MelePreservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore Mele
Preservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore MeleDigitalPreservationEurope
 

Mehr von DigitalPreservationEurope (20)

Infrastructure Training Session
Infrastructure Training SessionInfrastructure Training Session
Infrastructure Training Session
 
Drm Training Session
Drm Training SessionDrm Training Session
Drm Training Session
 
2009 Barcelona Wepreserve Nestor
2009 Barcelona Wepreserve Nestor2009 Barcelona Wepreserve Nestor
2009 Barcelona Wepreserve Nestor
 
Trusted Repositories
Trusted RepositoriesTrusted Repositories
Trusted Repositories
 
Preservation Metadata
Preservation MetadataPreservation Metadata
Preservation Metadata
 
An Introduction to Digital Preservation
An Introduction to Digital PreservationAn Introduction to Digital Preservation
An Introduction to Digital Preservation
 
Digital Preservation Process: Preparation and Requirements
Digital Preservation Process: Preparation and RequirementsDigital Preservation Process: Preparation and Requirements
Digital Preservation Process: Preparation and Requirements
 
The Planets Preservation Planning workflow
The Planets Preservation Planning workflowThe Planets Preservation Planning workflow
The Planets Preservation Planning workflow
 
Preservation Metadata, Michael Day, DCC
Preservation Metadata, Michael Day, DCCPreservation Metadata, Michael Day, DCC
Preservation Metadata, Michael Day, DCC
 
PLATTER - Jan Hutar
PLATTER - Jan HutarPLATTER - Jan Hutar
PLATTER - Jan Hutar
 
Sustainability Clive Billenness
Sustainability Clive  BillennessSustainability Clive  Billenness
Sustainability Clive Billenness
 
Significant Characteristics In Planets Manfred Thaller
Significant Characteristics In Planets Manfred ThallerSignificant Characteristics In Planets Manfred Thaller
Significant Characteristics In Planets Manfred Thaller
 
Shaman Project Hemmje
Shaman Project  HemmjeShaman Project  Hemmje
Shaman Project Hemmje
 
Scalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross King
Scalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross KingScalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross King
Scalable Services For Digital Preservation Ross King
 
Risks Benefits And Motivations Seamus Ross
Risks Benefits And Motivations Seamus RossRisks Benefits And Motivations Seamus Ross
Risks Benefits And Motivations Seamus Ross
 
Representation Information Steve Rankin
Representation Information Steve RankinRepresentation Information Steve Rankin
Representation Information Steve Rankin
 
Preservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian Upshall
Preservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian UpshallPreservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian Upshall
Preservation Challenge Radioactive Waste Ian Upshall
 
Preservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore Mele
Preservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore MelePreservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore Mele
Preservation And Reuse In High Energy Physics Salvatore Mele
 
Platter Colin Rosenthal
Platter Colin RosenthalPlatter Colin Rosenthal
Platter Colin Rosenthal
 
Planets Testbed Brian Aitken
Planets Testbed Brian AitkenPlanets Testbed Brian Aitken
Planets Testbed Brian Aitken
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

TrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data Privacy
TrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data PrivacyTrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data Privacy
TrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data PrivacyTrustArc
 
CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):
CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):
CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):comworks
 
Human Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR Systems
Human Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR SystemsHuman Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR Systems
Human Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR SystemsMark Billinghurst
 
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL CertsScanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL CertsRizwan Syed
 
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii SoldatenkoFwdays
 
Advanced Computer Architecture – An Introduction
Advanced Computer Architecture – An IntroductionAdvanced Computer Architecture – An Introduction
Advanced Computer Architecture – An IntroductionDilum Bandara
 
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding ClubUnleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding ClubKalema Edgar
 
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek SchlawackFwdays
 
Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024
Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024
Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024BookNet Canada
 
Developer Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQL
Developer Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQLDeveloper Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQL
Developer Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQLScyllaDB
 
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptxSAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptxNavinnSomaal
 
Search Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdf
Search Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdfSearch Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdf
Search Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdfRankYa
 
Streamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project Setup
Streamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project SetupStreamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project Setup
Streamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project SetupFlorian Wilhelm
 
Dev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio Web
Dev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio WebDev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio Web
Dev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio WebUiPathCommunity
 
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache MavenDevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache MavenHervé Boutemy
 
Hyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdf
Hyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdfHyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdf
Hyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdfPrecisely
 
Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024
Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024
Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024Enterprise Knowledge
 
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdfUnraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdfAlex Barbosa Coqueiro
 
"LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks...
"LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks..."LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks...
"LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks...Fwdays
 
How to write a Business Continuity Plan
How to write a Business Continuity PlanHow to write a Business Continuity Plan
How to write a Business Continuity PlanDatabarracks
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

TrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data Privacy
TrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data PrivacyTrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data Privacy
TrustArc Webinar - How to Build Consumer Trust Through Data Privacy
 
CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):
CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):
CloudStudio User manual (basic edition):
 
Human Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR Systems
Human Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR SystemsHuman Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR Systems
Human Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR Systems
 
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL CertsScanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
 
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
 
Advanced Computer Architecture – An Introduction
Advanced Computer Architecture – An IntroductionAdvanced Computer Architecture – An Introduction
Advanced Computer Architecture – An Introduction
 
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding ClubUnleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
 
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
 
Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024
Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024
Transcript: New from BookNet Canada for 2024: BNC CataList - Tech Forum 2024
 
Developer Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQL
Developer Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQLDeveloper Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQL
Developer Data Modeling Mistakes: From Postgres to NoSQL
 
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptxSAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
 
Search Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdf
Search Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdfSearch Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdf
Search Engine Optimization SEO PDF for 2024.pdf
 
Streamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project Setup
Streamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project SetupStreamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project Setup
Streamlining Python Development: A Guide to a Modern Project Setup
 
Dev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio Web
Dev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio WebDev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio Web
Dev Dives: Streamline document processing with UiPath Studio Web
 
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache MavenDevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
 
Hyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdf
Hyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdfHyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdf
Hyperautomation and AI/ML: A Strategy for Digital Transformation Success.pdf
 
Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024
Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024
Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024
 
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdfUnraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
 
"LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks...
"LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks..."LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks...
"LLMs for Python Engineers: Advanced Data Analysis and Semantic Kernel",Oleks...
 
How to write a Business Continuity Plan
How to write a Business Continuity PlanHow to write a Business Continuity Plan
How to write a Business Continuity Plan
 

Delos Drambora

  • 1. Risk Management Foundations for DLs: DRAMBORA (Digital Repository Audit Method Based on Risk Assessment) Perla Innocenti, Andrew McHugh, Seamus Ross, Raivo Ruusalepp Digital Curation Centre (DCC), DigitalPreservationEurope (DPE), HATII at the University of Glasgow National Archives of the Netherlands DELOS 2nd Workshop on Foundations of Digital Libraries ECDL 2007, Budapest 20/09/07 Risk Management Foundations for DLs: 1
  • 2. About • Digital Libraries and Preservation • How can we measure performance • Introduction to the DRAMBORA Toolkit • Progress on applying it to DLs Keels and Laying the Keel Risk Management Foundations for DLs: 2