1. DIRECT & INDIRECT
SPEECH

2. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Simple Past Simple
 "He's American," she  She said he was
said. American.
 "I'm happy to see you,"  Mary said that she was
Mary said. happy to see me.
 " He asked, "Are you  He asked me if I was
busy tonight?" busy tonight.

3. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Continuous Past Continuous
 "Dan is living in San  She said Dan was living
Francisco," she said. in San Francisco.
 " He said, "I'm making  He said that he was
dinner." making dinner.
 "Why are you working  They asked me why I
so hard?" they asked. was working so hard.

4. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Past Simple Past Perfect
Simple
• "We went to the movies • He said they had gone
last night," he said. to the movies last night.
• " Greg said, "I didn't go • Greg said that he
to work yesterday." hadn't gone to work
yesterday.
• "Did you buy a new
car?" she asked. • She asked me if I had
bought a new car.

5. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
• "I was working late • Vicki said she'd been
last night," Vicki said. working last night.
• " They said, "we weren't • They said that they hadn't
waiting long." been waiting long.
• " He asked, "were you • He asked if I'd been
sleeping when I sleeping when he called.
called?"

6. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Simple Simple
• " Heather said, "I've • Heather said that
already eaten." she'd already eaten.
• "We haven't been to • They said they hadn't
China," they said. been to China.
• "Have you worked • I asked her whether
here before?" I asked. she'd worked there
before.

7. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Continuous Continuous
• "I've been studying • He said he'd been
English for two years," studying English for
he said. two years.
• " Steve said, "we've • Steve said that they'd
been dating for over a been dating for over
year now." a year.
• "Have you been • They asked whether
waiting long?" they I'd been waiting

8. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
(*NO CHANGE)
• "I'd been to Chicago • He said that he'd
before for work," he been to Chicago
said. before for work.

9. Direct Speech Reported Speech
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Continuous Continuous (*NO
CHANGE)
• " She said, "I'd been • She said she'd been
dancing for years dancing for years
before the accident." before the accident.