1. -Topic-
Economic Development
By :
Desy Rosnita Sari
P28017016
NCKU
Urban Planning Department
2nd Presentation
Seminar 4th course
May 16th 2014
1/31

2. Development Planning as the Only Game in Town
Lisa R. Peattie, Stephen Cornell, Martin Rein
Published in : Journal of Planning Education and Research 5 (1985)
-- Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p; 242
Keywords : Development planning, Planning process, Planning for
business, City planning, Boston.
ARTICLES :
Converting the Military Industrial Economy: The
Experience at Six Facilities
Catherine Hill, Sabina Deitrick, Ann Markusen
Published in : Journal of Planning Education and Research 11 (1991)
– Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p; 258
Keywords : Conversion economic development , USA Military asset
conversion, USA Military industrial economic. Planning process.
Economic Growth and Development; Processes, Stages, and
Determinants
Wilbur R. Thomson
Published in : A Preface to Urban Economic (1965), Johns Hopkins Press.
– Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p; 229
Keywords : Urban economic, Urban growth, Urban development., Boston, Pittsburgh, Detroit.
2/31
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3. 1. Classic readings in urban planning
3/31
2. Chapter 6th
 To understand the meaning of economic development and the interpretation of
economic development problems in the planning practice.
 To capture the idea of howeconomic development occurs at each level of
development (national, regional, and local), with all the emerging approaches including;
process, actor, and planner's roles from United States economic development planning and
implementation process through all contemporary issues presented in the chapter 6th
REASONS :

4. Wilbur R. Thomson
Economic Growth and Development;
Processes, Stages, and Determinants
BOOKS
• An Econometric Model of Postwar State Industrial Development (2012),
• A Community Development Work Plan for the City of Jacksboro, Texas (2000)
• An Economic Development Strategic Vision for Texas City (1999)
• Cross-hairs Targeting Approach to Local Economic Development: An Application to Tarrant Country, Texas (1995)
• The Five Paths to Local Economic Development Project (1988)
• Long Range Economic Development Strategy (1984)
• Detroit Area Economic Opportunities Project (1980)
• An Econometric Model of Postwar State Industrial Development (1973)
• State Industrial Development: An Econometric Model of Postwar (1959)
• An Economic Study of the City of Detroit …….etc
4/31
?
Published in : A Preface to Urban Economic (1965), Johns Hopkins Press.
– Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p; 229
Keywords : Urban economic, Urban growth, Urban development, Boston, Pittsburgh, Detroit.
• Professor Emeritus of Economic – Wayne State University
• 1985-1986; Chairman at Maxine Goodman Levin College of
Urban Affairs. Cleveland State University
• Focus: Economic development issue (strategy in economic
development, economic development goals, stage of
development….ect
1st ARTICLES :

5. Contents of the 1st article
1. The many lines of linkage
2. The stage of urban growth
3. Failure of momentum between stages in growth
4. Challenge and response – A tale of three cities
5. The urban size ratchet
6. Management as the scarce factor in urban growth
5/31
“Economic Growth and Development;
Processes, Stages, and Determinants”
Wilbur R. Thomson

6. A Preface to Urban Economic
(1965) ….. 49 years ago!
6/31
The Urban Growth Process
Under economy development perspective
*USA tends to be a country of very large cities. Which
are growth and development, stability, opportunity
equality, and the pursuit of good life might become
“Urban Problems”
Baltimore-Washington region
http://landcover.usgs.gov/luhna/chap5.php
2013's Best Performing American Cities
http://www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-
economy/2013/12/2013s-best-performing-american-cities/7887/
Economic Growth and Development; Processes,
Stages, and Determinants
Wilbur R. Thomson

7. Principal Cause of USA dramatic Urban Growth
1. Advance agriculture technology post WW II (percentage labor
engaged to agriculture drop from 12% in 1950 to 6% in 1960)
2. Farm birth rate above the urban (lack of employment in
countryside resulted urbanization)
3. Manufacturing and service in urban side absorbed intensive labor
4. Urban demographic and urban size simultaneously growth
Shifting from green rural into City
Detroit River Corridor San Francisco Bay Region
http://landcover.usgs.gov/urban/detroit/intro.php http://sfbay.wr.usgs.gov/general_factsheets/urban_growth.html
7/31

8. The conurbation of cities in USA
http://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch4.html
8/31
urban growth problemresulted from Interurban competition for growth and
the development of the national system of cities. Which is the size of distribution
and the spatial pattern of cities lies the vitality of urban economic
Economic Growth and Development; Processes, Stages, and Determinants
Wilbur R. Thomson (1965)
The purpose of the Article is :
Trans-border conurbation (United States and Mexico)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agglomeration

9. The urban growth complex by Wilbur R. Thomson 1965
**Arrows point : direction of money flow
9/31
1. Three plants with export objective
2. Mutual advantage from local labor availability
3. Plants attracted foreign suppliers relate manufacture,
Increased local exports, generated higher local income, and
added local value
4. Adding plants by-product linkage
5. Local business service increased
6. Various local business/service, replaced foreign branch
7. Local business self-sufficient follows by growing complexity
requires foreign esoteric business service
8. Good local income enriches consumer service
9. Consumer expenditure rise faster than export payrolls
10. Consumer service rise in number and scale
11. Urban area hierarchy then upgraded. Explicitly recognize by
industrial structure
12. Metropolis may extend its growth into large scale
13. Local market attract more branch plant of outside firm
14. Branch plants spun off to reach growing metropolis
1. The many lines of linkage

10. 10/31 2. The Stage of Urban Growth
1. Export specialization
2. Export complex
3. Economic maturation / Local service sector puberty
4. Regional metropolis
5. Technical-professional virtuosity
Local economic is a lengthened shadow of single dominant industry/firm
Local production broaden to other product and/or deepens by extending forward/backward in the
stage of production, by adding local suppliers/consumers of intermediate products
Expansion of local product/activity to replace import by “own-use
Local economic turn into a connection and controlling neighborhood cities that once rival then satellite.
Export services is the major economic function.
Cities with national eminence in some specialized skill/economic function is achieved
Detroit; Automotive design….Boston; Education…San Francisco; Culture center…NY + LA; Finance

11. 11/31 3. Failure of Momentum Between Stage in Growth
Local economy Large town
Export diversification General industry
manufacturing plants with export oriented will move
local economic together with harbor, waterway,
technology advance to generate sufficient growth
force.
Local economic rise by export diversification of manufacturing
plants, strong surge of local service industry, replacing import by
local product, and transportation system enhancement can
generate growth of a city into a general Industry stage
**If a city fail to add number of plants for export diversification, not
strong local service and local market, and no surge of own-use product,
the growth of local economic will stagnate between any of stage

12. 12/31 4. Challenge and Response; A tell of 3 cities
• Hit by economic stagnation prior-outbreak of WW II because factories
became old and obsolete, and businesses moved out of the region for
cheaper labor
• Shortly after WW II ended, city rebuilt on a base of superior on higher
educational facilities that area spawned a complex of research and
development work and manufacturing activity in R&D-oriented
industry
Boston
• Boomed during WWII to supply backlog demand of steel. Hard hit by
WW II recession 1949-1954, rebirth during late 55s by Smoke
Abatement Programs (physical renewal in Golden Triangle) sponsorship
by state co-operation with local universities.
• She led innovations and industries in aluminum, glass, shipbuilding,
petroleum, foods, appliances, sports, transportation, computing, retail,
cars, & electronics. Placed her as 3rd (NY & Chicago) in corporate
headquarters employment & 2nd (NY) in bank assets
Pittsburgh
• Unscathed by post WWII recession in backlog demand for
automobile, but in 1960s, automobile industry matured, automated,
decentralize into sub-urb, global competition, and demilitarized,
generated unemployment in the city (then decline in population)
• Too deep thought of harvest more lucrative in automobile business,
Detroit missed the chance in aircraft production at least for its
engines which is conversely to Los Angeles
• Urban decay undermines Detroit into the present day that she has
been described by some as a “ghost town”
Detroit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit

13. Pittsburgh
Ohio River
Monongahela River
Allegheny River
13/31
http://www.brooklineconnection.com/history/Facts/images/Point1975.JPG

14. 14/31 5. The urban size ratchet
A. Growth and size come from industrial diversification that
produce local rates (perhaps deviated slightly from
national/regional average rate). To house a complex linkage
local business will demand large urban area
B. Urban growth from achievement of threshold size simply for
political power (larger population comes greater electoral
strength that those to extent federal aids and public work
projects)
C. Immobile capital in urban area (structures and infrastructures)
is low cost of service
D. Great size industrial activity is oriented to costumer rather that
source of supply. Larger urban area is a mass potential
costumer
E. Steady supply of industrial leadership
At certain range of urban scale, the nature of its hinterland, the degree of its
industrial development and various cultural factors, some growth mechanism
similar to ratchet

15. 6. Management as the scarce factor in urban growth15/31
Absolute size as a brake for the growth of urban area, to consider;
• Increasing cost of public service (due to density, congestion, and bureaucracy)
• Decreasing quality of public service (due to limit budget inversely to density)
• Managerial inefficiency (with highly variability between urban areas)
**Quality of local public legislator and administrator (government personnel)

16. QU0TATION16/31
“Urban growth after achievement of some threshold size is
simple power politics. With a large population come
greater electoral strength at both the state and national
level and with reference to both executive and legislative
bodies ……………….. Thus, to the extent that federal and
state financial aids and public work project can be revive
faltering urban economies” (Wilbur R. Thomson. 1965)
“Greater proportion of industrial activity is oriented to
costumer rather than to source of supply, and the larger
urban areas amass potential costumers” (Wilbur R. Thomson. 1965)

17. Development Planning as the Only Game in Town
Published in : Journal of Planning Education and Research 5 (1985)
-- Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p; 242
Keywords: Development planning, Planning process, Planning for business, City planning, and Boston.
Lisa Redfield Peattie
Stephen Cornell
Martin Rein
• Emeritus Prof of Urban Anthropology (MIT), PhD from University of Chicago in 1968
• Focus: advocacy planning and peace actions
BOOKS :The View From The Barrio-1968, A few facts from Bogota-1974, Living poor: A view from the
bottom-1975, Thinking about Development-1982, Women's Claims: A Study in Political Economy-1983,
Planning: Rethinking Ciudad Guayana-1987, New politics, the state, and planning-1987, Planners and
protesters-1991.
• Prof of sociology and of public administration and policy (univ of Arizona)
• Focus: economic development, political economy&cultural sociology, Indigenous affairs,
collective identity, ethnic & race relations.
• 9 years taught in Harvard, moved to Univ of California-1989, then Univ of Arizona-1998
• Co-founded & Director Udall Center (Studies of Public Policy. Co-director of the Harvard Project on
American Indian Economic Development
• Professor Emeritus of Social Policy - Dept. Urban Studies&Planning. MIT
• Ph.D in Brandeis University, Waltham- 1961, Master in Columbia University- 1954,
Bachelor in Brooklyn College-1950
• Focus: Social science and public policy.
BOOKS; The Return of the Native: American Indian Political Resurgence, What Can Tribes Do? Strategies
and Institutions in American Indian Economic Development, Ethnicity and Race: Making Identities in a
Changing World
BOOKS; Social Benefits after Communism: The Role of Enterprise - 1996, Enterprise and the Welfare State
1996, Reflection: Exploring New Approaches to the Resolution of Policy Controversies, Rethinking the
Welfare State: The Change in the Public-Private Mix
17/31 2nd ARTICLES :

18. Contents of the 2nd article
1. Introduction
2. The city and development planning
3. The planning process
4. Human Services planning
5. Land use and housing; A contentious terrain
6. Issue Politics
7. Discussion
18/31
“Development Planning as the Only Game
in Town
”Lisa R. Peattie, Stephen Cornell, Martin Rein

19. 19/31 Development Planning as the Only Game in Town
Lisa R. Peattie, Stephen Cornell, Martin Rein
The purpose of the Article is :
By examining development project in Boston City, the article
tends to explain why“Development Planning” or “Planning for Business”
becomes a primary concern in American city government.
**The author also show how the interest of different constituencies
converge to support development planning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston

20. 20/31 1. Introduction
Development planning Planning for Business
To produce a city environment in which private/profit-
making enterprise can successfully function and to introduce
kinds of enterprise to be located in the community
Fact: A problematic process to be implemented but the obvious thing to do
**Require multi actors collaboration : Federal & state government, city hall, local business-
elite, outside investors, aldermen, and ordinary residents
**Diverse interest agenda from actors upon development planning
-- Business interest (original purpose)
-- Human service (drive by politician during election time)
Howdevelopment planning should be done by planners?
simply doing the plan upon their professional prestige?
simply under state or federal control upon the funds?
simply in the best interest of the voters?
Research Course MIT & Harvard : How the system operate in the
development planning process relate to dominance of particular policy-
agenda-development that worked out through specific actors and institution
Source of paper
Game

21. 21/31 2. The city and development planning
Boston
• Working class bedroom community which are citizens work outside the city
• 3 major ethics (Irish, Italians, and Portuguese)
• 1940s was most densely city in USA……since 1945 hit by population declining
• 1958, Ford assembly plant sited in Boston with 1800 jobs but 1977 left (costing the city with 1.000 jobs)
• Before 1960’s, substrate of city politic was a set of interlinked family group with connection to the government
• After 1960’s, progressive reform from conservative reaction into “clean government”
• Late 60’s, new Mayor (with civil right background and “revolutionary spirit”) set up “service center” in the City Hall
Boston late 60’s
New Mayor
Revolutionary
“service center”
“Plan for
yourself”
citizens
Various Projects
Conservative
group
“Save the city”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_City_Hall
**Major project:
Mall on the ex-Ford plant land under UDAG
City Hall
http://bostinno.streetwise.co/2013/12/09/boston-events-
married-in-boston-mayors-office-of-new-urban-mechanics/

22. 22/31 3. The planning process
To understand the logic of development planning is
from its center = Development package
Components of Development package:
1. Land
2. Political support
3. Public fund (federal or/and state)
4. Private investment
Planners Jobs : Entrepreneurial
Unified all components into physical outcome
a. Locating physical opportunity for development
b. Obtaining public fund and potential investor
c. Drumming up political support
Community participation
Served to keep planning process open to outside
developers and prevent a takeover by local political
insiders
Leaded planner into a better design
Major project:
1. School re-use development of commercial center
2. Boy’s Club
3. Squares / commercial nodes for metro subway
4. Sub-urban shopping mall supported by UDAG

23. 23/31 4. Human Services planning
Planning division at Boston city government in 1960’s
(during the “reformer” Mayor)
Professional :
Office of planning and community development (located in
the 3rd F of City Hall)
Concern with physical reorganization of the city “development planning”
Political :
Office Human service (located in the basement of City Hall, Linked
the Mayor with federal/state funded social service agency, and also
citizens who is seeking help. With the major piece equipment is
telephone)
Concern in maintaining individual voters and outside agencies'
connection with the mayor. And have been active in the Mayor’s electoral
campaign (in fact, the head office was Mayor's campaign manager)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:People
_in_small_discussion_group_meeting.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:People
_in_small_discussion_group_meeting.jpg

24. 24/31 5. Land use and housing; A contentious terrain
Development Planning is not only representing a choice among competing agendas, it has
the inherent potential deep social conflict beyond the issue raised by particular projects
Boston’s Gentrification program (1960s - 1980s)
Arguments :
1. The decline of industry, real estate become biggest business in the city
2. Rents are rising in the private sector, but not for subsidized housing
3. Working class families was dominate the city’s population, but lately many left
the city to response the shift of jobs market or other reasons
4. To response the real estate trend, gentrification was implemented
5. Two groups in conflict that pro and contra to the program
pro : improvement of living environment and real estate interests
contra : replacement of the low income resident and rents rate issue that
beyond students or working class family can afford

25. 25/31
6. Issue Politics
Comments for a certain development project represent a very
different way of looking at planning, not in terms of programs
or institutional arena, but as issue based on politics that tends
to be confronting in the development planning process
The organizers of issue politics differ sharply from planner and
politician’s mainstream in seeing specific development
planning objective as mean rather than ends
7. Discussion
In planners professional culture : logic of tax base, investor’s
interests, federal funds, professional pride in design of build
environment, all support and feed on each other
Planner’s role in development is essentially entrepreneur that
capable to interpret provide project as serving public use

26. QU0TATION26/31
“In theory, economic recession might dictate as a surge of interest in the
basic issue of jobs and income. But in the practice, the effect has been the
reverse. Federal funds get less, private investment dries, and development
planning looks more important than ever, simply as a way to keep the city
going” (Lisa R. Peattie, Stephen Cornell, Martin Rein - 1985)
“The planner’s role in development is essentially an entrepreneur…………………
the rule of planner is, in part, to interpret private project as serving public
use” (Lisa R. Peattie, Stephen Cornell, Martin Rein - 1985)

27. Converting the Military Industrial Economy: The Experience at Six Facilities
Published in : Journal of Planning Education and Research 11 (1991)
– Classic Reading In Urban Planning 1995. p; 258
Keywords : Conversion economic development , USA Military asset conversion, USA Military industrial economic.
Planning process
Catherine Hill
Sabina Deitrick
Ann Markusen
27/31 3rd ARTICLES :
• Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Public & International Affairs. University of
Pittsburgh.
• PhD in city and regional planning in University of California, Berkeley
• Focus: economic & community development, urban planning, and regional policy,
• Vice president of research at AAUW (The American Association of University Women)
• PhD in public policy from Rutgers University
• Focus: study for Women's Policy
BOOKS :Mom's Retirement Security (2006), Drawing the Line: Sexual Harassment on Campus (2006), Public
Perceptions of the Pay Gap (2005), and Tenure Denied: Cases of Sex Discrimination in Academia (2004).
• Professor and director at Humphrey School public affair. University of Minnesota
• Focus : Arts, culture and economic development; regional economics and planning; industrial
organization; economic development, local, state, regional; industrial and occupational
planning; economic impact of high technology, military spending

28. Contents of the 3rd article
1. The context: Military builddown
2. The conversion nexus: supply and demand when government
are the market
3. Four Adjustment models
4. Facility conversion – An evaluation
28/31
“Converting the Military Industrial
Economy: The Experience at Six Facilities
”Catherine Hill, Sabina Deitrick, Ann Markusen
The Article focus on :
Enormous challenge of converting military facilities in USA
into civilian use and differentiating demand side from supply side
approaches

29. 29/31 1. The context: Military builddown
The cut-back budget in America Military
during last 10 year (1990s-2000s),
affected :
1. Job market relate military sector
2. Military dedicated plant (own by government)
3. Defense manufactures
4. Direct an indirect impact public infrastructure as
supplement in military community (housing, school,
highway, ….ect)
***For the reality of cut-back budget, task of economic conversion in
military sectors have been considerable interested and debated by the late
1980s, and yet the conversion in military sectors already implemented
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/01/will-
cutting-the-defense-budget-leave-america-at-risk/252010/

30. 31/31
2. The conversion nexus: supply and demand when government are the market
30/31
3. Four Adjustment models
Author examine four alternative models of conversion that organized
around a different target and lead actors.
1. converting the company (corporate diversification)
2. converting the economic development model (economic base community)
3. converting the individual employee (worker adjustment model)
4. converting the facility /alternative use model (most difficult but most attractive in
terms of retaining jobs and stabilizing communities)
The relationship between the military industrial sectors and the state :
demand (state) ----- supply (private sector)
**defense manufacturers can sell abroad, marketing to foreign
governments remains tied to the foreign policy.

31. 4. Facility conversion – An evaluation
6 conversion efforts in the 1980s
a. Quincy Shipyards-Boston
b. Blaw-Knox Foundry - Chicago
c. Philadelphia Naval Yards
d. McDonnell-Douglas Aircraft –California
e. Lockheed Shipyards – Seattle
f. Unisys Defense Computer Systems -Minnesota
31/3131/31
Conclusion
1. worker participation and unity enhance prospects for success
2. To be success, requires early warning and financial disclosure on the part of
the company and government is needed for job training, planning assistance,
and financial support
None has succeeded in the
narrow sense of preserving jobs
common obstacles
unsuitability of current business in the
commercial markets competition for the
ex- defense workers

32. Xie Xie Ni
Thank You
Terima Kasih
http://observers.france24.com/fr/content/20110726-job-
nettoyer-maquette-miniature-shanghai-2020-chine-metier

33. Presentation NOTE ^____^
1/31 (slide)
2/31 Articles discuss more about development in economic perspective. That all of them based on American’s cities in urban planning
experiences
3/31 Why chapter 6th ? Need to understand the meaning of economic development and the interpretation of economic development problems
in the planning practice. And also, want to capture the idea of how economic development occurs at each level of development, with all the
emerging approaches including; process, actor, and planner's roles from America experiences through its contemporary issues presented in the
chapter 6th
4/31 author background (among the 1st scholar to recognize that urban economics is important to be studying, His analyses relate to urban
growth process in this article still stand as a useful and accurate analysis even almost 49 years after this article was written)
5/31 This article sections all interlinked to express the urban growth process, including success and failure story of some American cities
6/31 At the beginning, Thomson expressed about America tends to be a country of very large cities. Which are growth and development might
become “Urban Problems”
7/31 He led us with a common sense about the principal reason why American’s cities experience dramatic growth. He stated, by the time the
2nd world war come to end, advance agriculture technology immerged, requires less human power. People in the rural area move into urban
side, where manufacturing and service activity absorbed intensive labor.
8/31 With the reality that America tends to be a country of very large cities that “growth” of the city might become an urban Problem. Then,
Thompson tried to explain urban growth problem, resulted from Interurban competition, that size of distribution and spatial pattern of cities is a
vital element of urban economic
9/31 Thompson provided an illustration of how a city able to extent it “growth process”, Figure (arrows point out the money flow)For example,
(1, 2, 10) if a city with adequate population for labor accepted some plants with export objective built in the area, (3,4,5,6,7) this plants will
attract outsider suppliers relate manufacture, generated higher local income, and added local value, or even another plants by-product linkage
will soon built in the city (8,9,11,12) Various local business and services increased, then lately will replace foreign branch. The self-sufficient of
local business will follow the growing complexity of business service. Good local income then enriches consumer service, and rise in number and
scale. (13,14) Urban area hierarchy of this city then upgraded…perhaps recognize by industrial structure in regional or national level. City change
into Metropolis and may extend its growth into large scale because local market keep attract more branch plant of foreign firm that spin off to
reach growing metropolis
10/31. Thompson, there are 5 stages that a city might experience during her growth (slides).
11/31 Thompson indicate that not every city that have original growth able to keep the speed of growth,
For a city with export-oriented production, it will require structure and infrastructure development in order to generate sufficient growth force
into the stage or large town. Or, even for a city which has diversification manufacture for export-oriented. Without replacing import by local
product, and structure and infrastructure upgrading, this city might fail to growth as a general Industry city
12/31 3 cities took as an example of success and failure story of some American cities (slides), Boston growth had reach into as a Metropolitan
scale (10th largest metropolitan in USA) and a home for 4.5 million inhabitant. Pittsburg, similar to Boston, had maintain her growth up to
metropolitan scale 2,6 million population, 20th largest city in USA. A little bit different to Boston and Pittsburgh, Detroit (I found that : USA
government has declared bankruptcy of Detroit city on December 3th 2013 with 18.5 billion debt)

34. 13/31 Pittsburgh’s Golden Triangle
14/31 growth mechanism similar to ratchet(slides)
15/31 Thompson try to warning of some disadvantages if we put urban area into infinite growth.
16/31 Quotations (important of urban population from economic development perspective. Where before I though urban population is nothing but problems
for physical urban development)
17/31 2nd article (slides)
18/31 sections describe the development planning process based on its issue section in Boston city during late 1960’s until early 1980’s
19/31 (slide)
20/31 (slide)
21/31 (slide) Boston’s background. Service center received critics from conservative group for their aggressive planning programs
22/31 explain how to understand the logic of development planning process, in which they argue, can be understood from understanding the development
package which concise 4 components. It is planner’s jobs to unify all components into physical outcome and promote it to obtain public fund and private
investor, as well as drumming-up the idea to have political support. In other hand, community participation will keep the planning process in democracy stage
even for outsider developer and also leaded planners into a better design. In the case of Boston City, there were 4 major planning projects mentioned in the
article and describe how the planning process went on, in which authors describe their planning process as the arena of the game
23/31 mentioned in the introduction section(diverse interest agenda of multi actors and city government is not an exception) For his “human service” agenda,
the “reformer” Mayor, who served in the early 1960’s set up 2 different Planning division at Boston city government (slide)
24/31 (slide) issue of social conflict during Boston’s Gentrification rise-up by the author in this section
It is implicitly shown that implementation process of Development Planning program is not enough if only depending on development package. Planners need
to anticipate some issues or conflict rise during or after some particular projects have done.
25/31 In this section, personally I feel that authors try to convince us as planner that critics addressed to a certain development project mostly its purpose
was not to improve the quality of project, but rather than based on political game that tends to confront some decision.
26/31 quotations that I think important from this article. 1st had opened my perspective horizons wider relate to planning profession, 2nd quotation had
gave me pretty much clear understanding about how the system operate in the development planning agenda
27/31 (slide)
28/31 (slide)
29/31 (slide) background; in the bigger frame will also effected state economy stability with a serious recession
30/31 relationship between the military industrial sectors and the government (slide) state stand as buyer, where supplier is the private sector (firms and
plants in the military market sell the product to a government bureaucracy). 3rd sub-tittle (slide)
31/31. 4th sub-tittle, Authors examine 6 conversion efforts implemented in 1980s, From The 6 conversion efforts, authors found that none has succeeded in
the narrow sense of preserving jobs but as a group, the cases demonstrate the ability and willingness of defense workers to plan for civilian work. The
conversion efforts share a common obstacles in aspect of unsuitability of current business in the commercial markets competition for the ex- defense
workers. To be success, it is requires early warning and financial disclosure on the part of the company and government is needed for job training, planning
assistance, and financial support
XIE XIE NI