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“Ignorance of the Scriptures is
     ignorance of Christ.”
                           St. Jerome
"The Church has always
venerated the divine
Scriptures just as she
venerates the body of the Lord,
since from the table of both the
word of God and of the body
of Christ she unceasingly
receives and offers to the
faithful the bread of life..."
     (Constitution on Divine Revelation, #21).
ACTUAL       This refers to the actual experiences of
             God’s people which they interpreted
EVENTS       as God’s intervention in their history.

             So that the people will forever
ORAL         remember these important events, they
             are handed on to succeeding generations
TRADITION    through storytelling.


WRITTEN      These stories were sorted, edited, and
SCRIPTURES   eventually put into to serve as norms
             against which other stories and
             traditions will be verified; and to more
             effectively preserve tradition.
The Bible is a Book of
 Remembrance
The Bible is a Faith-Record

The Bible contains a

 Religious Interpretation of
 History
When we read the Bible we also
realize that there are different forms
of expressing truth. The Biblical
authors were not so concerned about
history itself, but "salvation
history," how the events of the past
could be understood in relation to
their faith. Salvation history deals
with God's love for us, first shown
to the Chosen People, and then
fulfilled in the death and
resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Gk. “ta biblia” – “the books”      -refers the whole sacred volume
Lt. “biblia” – “The Book” -designates the eminence of the Bible

The Bible is a collection of sacred writings which
the Church solemnly recognized as the:
“God is the author of Sacred Scripture because
he inspired its human authors; he acts in them
and by means of them. He thus gives assurance
that their writings teach without error his
saving truth”
                                Dei Verbum 11


          To say that the Bible is the Word of
          God is to acknowledge its Divine
          Authorship.
THE BIBLE IS THE WORD OF GOD.
The word “OF” tells us three things
   about the BIBLE:
  It is WORD ABOUT GOD – We
   learn about God through the Bible
  It is the SPOKEN WORD OF GOD –
   Sacred Scripture contains God’s
   revelation of Himself
  It is WORD THAT BELONGS TO
   GOD – God is the Bible’s author,
   custodian, interpreter, and teacher.
The Bible did not fall from heaven. When God
                            gave us his word, he inspired some men to put in
                            into writing. The Bible was written by persons who
                            lived in a particular context, using the means
                            available to them as they went through the natural
                            process of data gathering, selection, and finally
                            writing down scriptures.
Because the Bible was written by men, then through the Bible God is able to speak to
us in human language- something we can understand and relate to.
   "All scripture, inspired of God, is profitable to teach, to reprove, to correct to
   instruct in justice" 2 Timothy 3:16
Lt. “in spirare” – to breathe into
     “By supernatural power God so moved and impelled the
     human authors to write - he so assisted them when writing -
     that the things he ordered and those only they first rightly
     understood, then willed faithfully to write down, and finally
     expressed in apt words and with infallible truth.”

     Providentissimus Deus, Pope Leo XIII
         INSPIRATION IS THE SPECIAL INFLUENCE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT ON
          THE HUMAN AUTHORS, SUCH THAT THEY WERE ABLE TO WRITE
                     DOWN WHAT GOD WANTED THEM TO WRITE.
INSPIRATION IS NOT:
•DICTATION – God did not dictate the words to the human authors. As stated earlier, the human
authors had to go through all the processes involved in coming up with a written work.
•POSSESSION – The human authors were not coerced by God to write. They did not lose their free will
when they put God’s Word into writing. On their end, they had to cooperate with inspiration.
CHRISTIANS AND JEWS AGREE THAT
   INSPIRATION MEANS THAT:
2. The impulse to write came from God;
3. The Bible contains things God wills
   man to know about him;
4. The mind and the will of the human
   author were somehow influenced by
   God to write what was written without
   taking away the author’s own will or
   ability to write or power to express
   things in his own way for the people for
   whom he was writing;
5. God guided his people in their choice of
   what writing was to be included in the
   final version of the Bible.
Inerrancy means freedom from error. The inerrancy of Scripture is a
consequence of its inspiration. Because God is the principal author of
the Bible, then it cannot but contain the truth.

BUT THE BIBLE CONTAINS ERROR…
Errors in Science : This is because the Bible was not written to be a science
textbook. The authors had primitive knowledge of science. (e.g. the sun moves
around the earth: Joshua 10:14)
Errors in History : The Bible was a product of oral tradition. This tradition
preserves the essential content, not the trivial details, so it is possible to find
chronological errors, contradictory details, and inaccurate quotations once in a
while. (e.g. The animals Noah’s Ark: Genesis 6:19 and Genesis 7:2)
Errors in Moral Understanding : The people of the Old Testament did not learn of
God’s will instantly. It took time before they understood God’s precepts, hence
there were instances when they label something good as bad and vice versa. (e.g.
total extermination of enemies is God’s will: Joshua 11:13-14)
  These errors do not in anyway affect the essential message of Sacred Scriptures.
  THE BIBLE CONTAINS ERROR BUT TEACHES NO ERROR.
"The books of scripture must
be acknowledged as teaching
firmly, faithfully and without
error that truth which God
wanted to put into the sacred
writings for the sake of our
salvation" (Constitution on Divine
Revelation, #11).
Gk. “kanon” – a stick; measuring rod
                -the word implies “norms” or “standards”

CANONICITY IS THE CHURCH’S OFFICIAL
DECLARATION THAT A BOOK IS INSPIRED, AND IS
THEREFORE A WORTHY BASIS OF FAITH AND MORALS.

FOR A BOOK TO BE DECLARED CANONICAL, IT HAS TO
PASS CERTAIN STANDARDS. AS IT PASSES THE
STANDARDS, IT BECOMES A STANDARD ITSELF.

N.B. Canonicity does not make a book inspired, neither does it
add to inspiration. It is simply a formal recognition of the
inspiration which the book has always possessed.
FOR THE OLD TESTAMENT:                        FOR THE NEW TESTAMENT:

•The scripture must not contradict the        •Apostolic Origin - either the books
TORAH (five books of Moses). For the          were written by the apostles themselves,
Jews, Moses was undoubtedly a man of          or they were used as sources.
God and his “books” measure everything.       •Coherence with the essential Gospel
•The scripture must be constantly used in     Message- the content of the book must
liturgy.                                      be consistent with the message of Christ.
•In some cases, language became a factor.     •Constant use in the liturgy- the books
Some Jews rejected non-Hebrew writings.       were used by the Early Christian
•Recognized Sacred Scriptures are stored      Communities in their celebration of the
in the temple chests, available for public    “breaking of the bread” and other
reading. Putting a book in the temple chest   liturgical functions.
is tantamount to canonization.
   DID NOT PASS THE CRITERIA
    FOR CANONICITY
   MAY HAVE BEEN USED
    SPORADICALLY BY SCATTERED
    GROUPS
   DID NOT HAVE APOSTOLIC
    GUARANTEE
   CONTENTS ARE EITHER
    HERETICAL OR IRRELEVANT
THOSE THAT                                  THOSE THAT
RESEMBLE THE                                CONTAIN
CANONICAL         THOSE THAT NARRATE        HERETICAL
SCRIPTURES        PIOUS STORIES ABOUT       DOCTRINES
                  JESUS AND THE VIRGIN
Gospel of Peter   MARY                      Gospel of Philip
                  Infancy Gospel of James   Gospel of Mary
                  Pseudo Matthew            Gospel of Judas
    Generally
  in agreement    Infancy Gospel
   with Church
     teaching     The Nativity of Mary
                                                Written to meet
                  Pseudo Gospel of Thomas        the demands
                                                  of popular
                                                     piety
APOCRYPHAL = SECRET
    WRITTEN FOR SPECIAL GROUPS
    WRITTEN BY RECIPIENTS OF SECRET
     REVELATIONS
    NOT KNOWN TO ALL
    SINCE THESE BOOKS ARE OF
     DOUBTFUL AUTHORITY, THEY
     ARE NOT CONSIDERED BY THE
     CHURCH AS RELIABLE BASES
     OF FAITH AND MORALS
When a book fails to meet the standards, it is labeled as
APOCRYPHAL i.e. of doubtful authority

When a book has passed the standards, it becomes part of the CANON OF SCRIPTURES.
The CANON OF SCRIPTURES refers to the official list of inspired books.

             ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE             PROTESTANT BIBLE
                  73 (72) BOOKS                  66 BOOKS
             46 Books in the Old Testament     39 Books in the Old
                  (45 if Jeremiah and              Testament
                   Lamentations are            27 Books in the New
                    counted as one)                Testament
             27 Books in the New Testament
The word “Deuterocanonical” literally means: “second
canon”. These refers to the second set of canonical books.

During the Council of Trent, before the Catholic Church
finally closed the Canon (which means from then on, no
other books will be added to the bible), the Church also
declared as canonical some Old Testament books which
were recognized ever since as inspired but were not formally
declared as part of the canon of scriptures.

Unfortunately, the Protestants have already deviated from
the Catholic Church when this happened so they do not have
the Deuterocanonicals in their Bible. If ever they include it,
they simply label the books as Apocryphals. One thing is for
sure, the Protestant Canon was still a product of the prudent
judgment of the Catholic Church before the split took place.
COVENANT BETWEEN                              COVENANT BETWEEN
  GOD AND ISRAEL        The Old Testament     GOD AND HUMANITY
MEDIATED BY MOSES       finds light in the    MEDIATED BY JESUS
    Central Event:      New Testament. The       Central Event:
                        New Testament
                        finds foundation in
                        the Old Testament.
                        The Church teaches
                        that both divisions
                        are equally
    THE EXODUS          inspired.              THE RESURRECTION
 Language:                                      Language:
 Predominantly Hebrew                           Predominantly Greek
The Bible did not always have its chapter and verses. Hence, when one would
look for particular passages, one has scan through the entire book.

   The division of the bible into chapters was
   done in 1226 by His Grace, Most Rev.
   Stephen Langton, Archbishop of
   Canterbury



                       Some time later, in the year 1551, the bible was
                       divided into verses by Robert Estienne, a French
                       printer.
Above all, God has spoken to us in
Jesus. The Bible is His Word in a
secondary sense. Jesus Himself is
God’s message to mankind, but
the Bible brings that message to
us.
RELIGION      WORD BY WHICH GOD   MESSENGER
                  HAS SPOKEN
  JUDAISM          THE TORAH        MOSES




   ISLAM          THE QUR’AN       MUHAMMAD




CHRISTIANITY      JESUS CHRIST     THE BIBLE
CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
            nos.101-141

            Francis E. Gigot
    SACRED SCRIPTURES, THE BIBLE
         www.pax-et-veritas.org

            Ian Knox C.S.Sp.
      THEOLOGY FOR TEACHERS
       Ottawa: Novalis Press, 1994

              Margaret Baxter
JESUS CHRIST: HIS LIFE AND HIS CHURCH
    Quezon City: New Day Publishers 1989

     INSPIRATION AND INERRANCY
           www.cathtruth.com

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7. sacred scriptures

  • 1. “Ignorance of the Scriptures is ignorance of Christ.” St. Jerome
  • 2. "The Church has always venerated the divine Scriptures just as she venerates the body of the Lord, since from the table of both the word of God and of the body of Christ she unceasingly receives and offers to the faithful the bread of life..." (Constitution on Divine Revelation, #21).
  • 3. ACTUAL This refers to the actual experiences of God’s people which they interpreted EVENTS as God’s intervention in their history. So that the people will forever ORAL remember these important events, they are handed on to succeeding generations TRADITION through storytelling. WRITTEN These stories were sorted, edited, and SCRIPTURES eventually put into to serve as norms against which other stories and traditions will be verified; and to more effectively preserve tradition.
  • 4. The Bible is a Book of Remembrance The Bible is a Faith-Record The Bible contains a Religious Interpretation of History
  • 5. When we read the Bible we also realize that there are different forms of expressing truth. The Biblical authors were not so concerned about history itself, but "salvation history," how the events of the past could be understood in relation to their faith. Salvation history deals with God's love for us, first shown to the Chosen People, and then fulfilled in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
  • 6. Gk. “ta biblia” – “the books” -refers the whole sacred volume Lt. “biblia” – “The Book” -designates the eminence of the Bible The Bible is a collection of sacred writings which the Church solemnly recognized as the:
  • 7. “God is the author of Sacred Scripture because he inspired its human authors; he acts in them and by means of them. He thus gives assurance that their writings teach without error his saving truth” Dei Verbum 11 To say that the Bible is the Word of God is to acknowledge its Divine Authorship.
  • 8. THE BIBLE IS THE WORD OF GOD. The word “OF” tells us three things about the BIBLE:  It is WORD ABOUT GOD – We learn about God through the Bible  It is the SPOKEN WORD OF GOD – Sacred Scripture contains God’s revelation of Himself  It is WORD THAT BELONGS TO GOD – God is the Bible’s author, custodian, interpreter, and teacher.
  • 9. The Bible did not fall from heaven. When God gave us his word, he inspired some men to put in into writing. The Bible was written by persons who lived in a particular context, using the means available to them as they went through the natural process of data gathering, selection, and finally writing down scriptures. Because the Bible was written by men, then through the Bible God is able to speak to us in human language- something we can understand and relate to. "All scripture, inspired of God, is profitable to teach, to reprove, to correct to instruct in justice" 2 Timothy 3:16
  • 10. Lt. “in spirare” – to breathe into “By supernatural power God so moved and impelled the human authors to write - he so assisted them when writing - that the things he ordered and those only they first rightly understood, then willed faithfully to write down, and finally expressed in apt words and with infallible truth.” Providentissimus Deus, Pope Leo XIII INSPIRATION IS THE SPECIAL INFLUENCE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT ON THE HUMAN AUTHORS, SUCH THAT THEY WERE ABLE TO WRITE DOWN WHAT GOD WANTED THEM TO WRITE. INSPIRATION IS NOT: •DICTATION – God did not dictate the words to the human authors. As stated earlier, the human authors had to go through all the processes involved in coming up with a written work. •POSSESSION – The human authors were not coerced by God to write. They did not lose their free will when they put God’s Word into writing. On their end, they had to cooperate with inspiration.
  • 11. CHRISTIANS AND JEWS AGREE THAT INSPIRATION MEANS THAT: 2. The impulse to write came from God; 3. The Bible contains things God wills man to know about him; 4. The mind and the will of the human author were somehow influenced by God to write what was written without taking away the author’s own will or ability to write or power to express things in his own way for the people for whom he was writing; 5. God guided his people in their choice of what writing was to be included in the final version of the Bible.
  • 12. Inerrancy means freedom from error. The inerrancy of Scripture is a consequence of its inspiration. Because God is the principal author of the Bible, then it cannot but contain the truth. BUT THE BIBLE CONTAINS ERROR… Errors in Science : This is because the Bible was not written to be a science textbook. The authors had primitive knowledge of science. (e.g. the sun moves around the earth: Joshua 10:14) Errors in History : The Bible was a product of oral tradition. This tradition preserves the essential content, not the trivial details, so it is possible to find chronological errors, contradictory details, and inaccurate quotations once in a while. (e.g. The animals Noah’s Ark: Genesis 6:19 and Genesis 7:2) Errors in Moral Understanding : The people of the Old Testament did not learn of God’s will instantly. It took time before they understood God’s precepts, hence there were instances when they label something good as bad and vice versa. (e.g. total extermination of enemies is God’s will: Joshua 11:13-14) These errors do not in anyway affect the essential message of Sacred Scriptures. THE BIBLE CONTAINS ERROR BUT TEACHES NO ERROR.
  • 13. "The books of scripture must be acknowledged as teaching firmly, faithfully and without error that truth which God wanted to put into the sacred writings for the sake of our salvation" (Constitution on Divine Revelation, #11).
  • 14. Gk. “kanon” – a stick; measuring rod -the word implies “norms” or “standards” CANONICITY IS THE CHURCH’S OFFICIAL DECLARATION THAT A BOOK IS INSPIRED, AND IS THEREFORE A WORTHY BASIS OF FAITH AND MORALS. FOR A BOOK TO BE DECLARED CANONICAL, IT HAS TO PASS CERTAIN STANDARDS. AS IT PASSES THE STANDARDS, IT BECOMES A STANDARD ITSELF. N.B. Canonicity does not make a book inspired, neither does it add to inspiration. It is simply a formal recognition of the inspiration which the book has always possessed.
  • 15. FOR THE OLD TESTAMENT: FOR THE NEW TESTAMENT: •The scripture must not contradict the •Apostolic Origin - either the books TORAH (five books of Moses). For the were written by the apostles themselves, Jews, Moses was undoubtedly a man of or they were used as sources. God and his “books” measure everything. •Coherence with the essential Gospel •The scripture must be constantly used in Message- the content of the book must liturgy. be consistent with the message of Christ. •In some cases, language became a factor. •Constant use in the liturgy- the books Some Jews rejected non-Hebrew writings. were used by the Early Christian •Recognized Sacred Scriptures are stored Communities in their celebration of the in the temple chests, available for public “breaking of the bread” and other reading. Putting a book in the temple chest liturgical functions. is tantamount to canonization.
  • 16. DID NOT PASS THE CRITERIA FOR CANONICITY  MAY HAVE BEEN USED SPORADICALLY BY SCATTERED GROUPS  DID NOT HAVE APOSTOLIC GUARANTEE  CONTENTS ARE EITHER HERETICAL OR IRRELEVANT
  • 17. THOSE THAT THOSE THAT RESEMBLE THE CONTAIN CANONICAL THOSE THAT NARRATE HERETICAL SCRIPTURES PIOUS STORIES ABOUT DOCTRINES JESUS AND THE VIRGIN Gospel of Peter MARY Gospel of Philip Infancy Gospel of James Gospel of Mary Pseudo Matthew Gospel of Judas Generally in agreement Infancy Gospel with Church teaching The Nativity of Mary Written to meet Pseudo Gospel of Thomas the demands of popular piety
  • 18. APOCRYPHAL = SECRET  WRITTEN FOR SPECIAL GROUPS  WRITTEN BY RECIPIENTS OF SECRET REVELATIONS  NOT KNOWN TO ALL  SINCE THESE BOOKS ARE OF DOUBTFUL AUTHORITY, THEY ARE NOT CONSIDERED BY THE CHURCH AS RELIABLE BASES OF FAITH AND MORALS
  • 19. When a book fails to meet the standards, it is labeled as APOCRYPHAL i.e. of doubtful authority When a book has passed the standards, it becomes part of the CANON OF SCRIPTURES. The CANON OF SCRIPTURES refers to the official list of inspired books. ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE PROTESTANT BIBLE 73 (72) BOOKS 66 BOOKS 46 Books in the Old Testament 39 Books in the Old (45 if Jeremiah and Testament Lamentations are 27 Books in the New counted as one) Testament 27 Books in the New Testament
  • 20. The word “Deuterocanonical” literally means: “second canon”. These refers to the second set of canonical books. During the Council of Trent, before the Catholic Church finally closed the Canon (which means from then on, no other books will be added to the bible), the Church also declared as canonical some Old Testament books which were recognized ever since as inspired but were not formally declared as part of the canon of scriptures. Unfortunately, the Protestants have already deviated from the Catholic Church when this happened so they do not have the Deuterocanonicals in their Bible. If ever they include it, they simply label the books as Apocryphals. One thing is for sure, the Protestant Canon was still a product of the prudent judgment of the Catholic Church before the split took place.
  • 21. COVENANT BETWEEN COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND ISRAEL The Old Testament GOD AND HUMANITY MEDIATED BY MOSES finds light in the MEDIATED BY JESUS Central Event: New Testament. The Central Event: New Testament finds foundation in the Old Testament. The Church teaches that both divisions are equally THE EXODUS inspired. THE RESURRECTION Language: Language: Predominantly Hebrew Predominantly Greek
  • 22. The Bible did not always have its chapter and verses. Hence, when one would look for particular passages, one has scan through the entire book. The division of the bible into chapters was done in 1226 by His Grace, Most Rev. Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury Some time later, in the year 1551, the bible was divided into verses by Robert Estienne, a French printer.
  • 23. Above all, God has spoken to us in Jesus. The Bible is His Word in a secondary sense. Jesus Himself is God’s message to mankind, but the Bible brings that message to us.
  • 24. RELIGION WORD BY WHICH GOD MESSENGER HAS SPOKEN JUDAISM THE TORAH MOSES ISLAM THE QUR’AN MUHAMMAD CHRISTIANITY JESUS CHRIST THE BIBLE
  • 25. CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH nos.101-141 Francis E. Gigot SACRED SCRIPTURES, THE BIBLE www.pax-et-veritas.org Ian Knox C.S.Sp. THEOLOGY FOR TEACHERS Ottawa: Novalis Press, 1994 Margaret Baxter JESUS CHRIST: HIS LIFE AND HIS CHURCH Quezon City: New Day Publishers 1989 INSPIRATION AND INERRANCY www.cathtruth.com