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Planning Data Analysis and Completing the Design Matrix  规划数据分析与完成设计矩阵 Shanghai International Program for Development Evaluation Training Asia-Pacific Finance and Development Center 200 Panlong Road-Shanghai, October 15, 2008 Ray C. Rist
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dadang Solihin Indonesia Delegation Shanghai International Program for Development Evaluation Training
Introduction 导言 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Data Collection and Analysis   数据收集与分析 花费的时间 www.dadangsolihin.com Time 时间 Hours Spent Data Collection 数据收集 Data Analysis 数据分析
Qualitative Analysis 定性分析 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Qualitative Analysis (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Quantitative Analysis 定量分析 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Qualitative Data 定性数据 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Qualitative Data Analysis 定性数据分析 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Making Good Notes 很好地记录 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Making Good Notes (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Making Good Notes (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Triangulation 三元法 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Triangulation (Cont.) ,[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Early Steps in Qualitative Analysis (1 of 3) 定性分析的早期步骤(第 1 页,共 3 页) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Early Steps in Qualitative Analysis (2 of 3) 定性分析的早期步骤(第 2 页,共 3 页) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Early Steps in Qualitative Analysis (3 of 3) 定性分析的早期步骤(第 3 页,共 3 页) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Maintain an Iterative Dialogue 坚持反复对话 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Reading and Coding Data 数据阅读和编码 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Coding  编码 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Drawing-out Themes and Patterns 得出主题与模式 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Drawing-out Themes and Patterns (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Drawing-out Themes and Patterns (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Content Analysis 内容分析 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Computer Help for Qualitative Data Analysis 计算机有助于定性数据分析 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Computer Help for Qualitative Data Analysis (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Examples of QDA 定性数据分析的例子 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Controlling for Bias 控制误差 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Concluding Thoughts on Qualitative Data 定性数据的结论性思考 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Concluding Thoughts on Qualitative Data (Cont.) ,[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Quantitative Data:  Statistics 定量数据:统计 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Quantitative Data:  Statistics (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Descriptive Statistics 描述统计 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Example of Descriptive Statistics in a Table 表格描述统计的例子 Write up: Of the 300 people in this program, 67% are women and 33% are men. 书面记录:在参与该计划的 300 人中, 67% 为女性, 33% 为男性。 www.dadangsolihin.com Male 男性 Female 女性 Total 总计 Number 人数 Percent 百分比 Number 人数 Percent 百分比 Number 人数 100 33% 200 67% 300 How many men and women are in the program? Table 11.5: Distribution of Respondents by Gender 该计划里有多少男性和女性? 表 11.5 :受调查者的性别分布 Source: Fabricated Data
Distributions 分布 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Measures of Central Tendency 集中趋势测量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Nominal Data 名目数据 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Ordinal Data 序数数据 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Interval/Ratio Data 间隔 / 比率数据 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Interval/Ratio Data ( Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Calculating 计算 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Calculating (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Example Data 数据例子 Table 11.7: Sample Data 表 11.7 : 样本数据 www.dadangsolihin.com Country 国家 % Urban 城市 Bolivia 玻利维亚 65 Algeria 阿尔及利亚 60 Central Africa Republic 中非共和国 41 Georgia 格鲁吉亚 61 Panama 巴拿马 58 Turkey 土耳其 75 Source: Fabricated  Data,  资料来源:制作好的数据
Example Calculations for % Urban Data 计算城市百分比数据的例子 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Example Calculations for % Urban Data 计算城市百分比数据的例子 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Measures of Dispersion 离中趋势测量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Measures of Dispersion (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Example Calculation for Range 计算值域的例子 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Normal Curve (Bell) 正常曲线(钟形) 频率 www.dadangsolihin.com y x 0 Frequency   Value 值
Standard Deviation 标准差 www.dadangsolihin.com y x 0 Mean 平均数 One standard deviation from the mean 与平均数相隔一个标准差 68% 95% Two standard deviations from the mean 与平均数相隔两个标准差 98% Three standard deviations from the mean 与平均数相隔三个标准差
Calculating Standard Deviation 计算标准差 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Guidelines for Analyzing Quantitative Survey Results   分析定量调查结果的指导原则 www.dadangsolihin.com 1 Choose a standard way to analyze the data and apply it consistently 选择一个分析数据的标准方法并始终如一地应用它 2 Do not combine the middle category with each side of the scale 不要把尺度各边与中间类别混合起来 3 Do not report an agree or disagree category without also reporting the strongly agree agree or strongly disagree category 不要在不报告强烈同意、同意或强烈不同意类别的情况下报告同意或不同意类别 4 Analyze and report percentages (or numbers) 分析并报告百分比(或数字) 5 Provide the number of respondents for an anchor 提供被调查人数量,用作支撑点 6 If there is little difference in the data, raise the benchmark 如果数据几乎没有差异,提出基准点 7 Like any art or skill, it gets easier with training and practice 和任何艺术或技能一样,通过培训和练习,它会越来越容易
[object Object],[object Object],Guidelines for Analyzing Quantitative Survey Results   (Cont.) www.dadangsolihin.com
Common Descriptive Statistics 共同描述统计 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Describing Two Variables at the  Same Time   同时描述两个变量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Describing Two Variables at the  Same Time   同时描述两个变量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Example Two Variables at the  Same Time   同时描述两个变量的例子 Source: Fabricated Data: 2004 Survey 资料来源:已制作好的数据: 2004 年调查 www.dadangsolihin.com Hands-on 实践 Hands-on 实践 Traditional 传统 Traditional 传统 Boys 男孩 28 55% 34 45% Girls 女孩 22 45% 41 55% Total 125 总数  125 N=50 100% N=75 100%
Two Variables with Crosstabs 交叉表的两个变量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Two Variables with Crosstabs 交叉表的两个变量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Example Crosstabs 交叉表的例子 N=125  Source: Fabricated Data N=125  资料来源:虚构数据 www.dadangsolihin.com Hands-on 实践 Traditional 传统 Total % 总计  % Boys 男孩 45% 55% 100% Girls 女孩 35% 65% 100%
Variables 变量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Example: Comparison of Means 例子:平均数的比较 - dependent variable: annual income - 因变量:年收入 -independent variable: gender - 自变量:性别 www.dadangsolihin.com Mean Income 平均收入 Women 女性  27,800 SA Rand 27,800 南非南特 Men 男性 32,400 SA Rand 32,400 南非南特
Measure of Relationship 关系的度量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Interpretation of Correlation 对相关性的解释 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Direct Relationship 直接相关 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Inverse Relationship 逆相关 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Inferential Statistics 推论统计 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Statistical Significance Tests 统计显著性检测 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Statistical Significance 统计显著性 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Statistical Significance (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Chi Square  and t-Test 卡方和 t 检验 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com Chi Square 卡方 t-Test T 检验
Chi Square  and t-Test 卡方和 t 检验 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Hypothesis Testing 假设检验 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Testing for Significant Difference 显著性差异检验 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Remember: 记住 ,[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Linking Qualitative Data and Quantitative Data   将定性数据与定量数据联系起来 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Qualitative-Quantitative Linkages 定性 - 定量联系 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.dadangsolihin.com
Thank you! 谢谢!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dadang Solihin currently  is Director for  Regional D evelopment Performance Evaluation at  Indonesian National Development Planning Agency  (Bappenas). He  holds MA degree in Economics from University of Colorado, USA. His previous post is  Director for System and Reporting of Development Performance Evaluation at  Bappenas.  Dadang Solihin’s Profile www.dadangsolihin.com

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Planning Data Analysis and Completing the Design Matrix 规划数据分析与完成设计矩阵

  • 1. Planning Data Analysis and Completing the Design Matrix 规划数据分析与完成设计矩阵 Shanghai International Program for Development Evaluation Training Asia-Pacific Finance and Development Center 200 Panlong Road-Shanghai, October 15, 2008 Ray C. Rist
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  • 4. Data Collection and Analysis 数据收集与分析 花费的时间 www.dadangsolihin.com Time 时间 Hours Spent Data Collection 数据收集 Data Analysis 数据分析
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  • 34. Example of Descriptive Statistics in a Table 表格描述统计的例子 Write up: Of the 300 people in this program, 67% are women and 33% are men. 书面记录:在参与该计划的 300 人中, 67% 为女性, 33% 为男性。 www.dadangsolihin.com Male 男性 Female 女性 Total 总计 Number 人数 Percent 百分比 Number 人数 Percent 百分比 Number 人数 100 33% 200 67% 300 How many men and women are in the program? Table 11.5: Distribution of Respondents by Gender 该计划里有多少男性和女性? 表 11.5 :受调查者的性别分布 Source: Fabricated Data
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  • 43. Example Data 数据例子 Table 11.7: Sample Data 表 11.7 : 样本数据 www.dadangsolihin.com Country 国家 % Urban 城市 Bolivia 玻利维亚 65 Algeria 阿尔及利亚 60 Central Africa Republic 中非共和国 41 Georgia 格鲁吉亚 61 Panama 巴拿马 58 Turkey 土耳其 75 Source: Fabricated Data, 资料来源:制作好的数据
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  • 49. Normal Curve (Bell) 正常曲线(钟形) 频率 www.dadangsolihin.com y x 0 Frequency Value 值
  • 50. Standard Deviation 标准差 www.dadangsolihin.com y x 0 Mean 平均数 One standard deviation from the mean 与平均数相隔一个标准差 68% 95% Two standard deviations from the mean 与平均数相隔两个标准差 98% Three standard deviations from the mean 与平均数相隔三个标准差
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  • 52. Guidelines for Analyzing Quantitative Survey Results 分析定量调查结果的指导原则 www.dadangsolihin.com 1 Choose a standard way to analyze the data and apply it consistently 选择一个分析数据的标准方法并始终如一地应用它 2 Do not combine the middle category with each side of the scale 不要把尺度各边与中间类别混合起来 3 Do not report an agree or disagree category without also reporting the strongly agree agree or strongly disagree category 不要在不报告强烈同意、同意或强烈不同意类别的情况下报告同意或不同意类别 4 Analyze and report percentages (or numbers) 分析并报告百分比(或数字) 5 Provide the number of respondents for an anchor 提供被调查人数量,用作支撑点 6 If there is little difference in the data, raise the benchmark 如果数据几乎没有差异,提出基准点 7 Like any art or skill, it gets easier with training and practice 和任何艺术或技能一样,通过培训和练习,它会越来越容易
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  • 57. Example Two Variables at the Same Time 同时描述两个变量的例子 Source: Fabricated Data: 2004 Survey 资料来源:已制作好的数据: 2004 年调查 www.dadangsolihin.com Hands-on 实践 Hands-on 实践 Traditional 传统 Traditional 传统 Boys 男孩 28 55% 34 45% Girls 女孩 22 45% 41 55% Total 125 总数 125 N=50 100% N=75 100%
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  • 60. Example Crosstabs 交叉表的例子 N=125 Source: Fabricated Data N=125 资料来源:虚构数据 www.dadangsolihin.com Hands-on 实践 Traditional 传统 Total % 总计 % Boys 男孩 45% 55% 100% Girls 女孩 35% 65% 100%
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  • 62. Example: Comparison of Means 例子:平均数的比较 - dependent variable: annual income - 因变量:年收入 -independent variable: gender - 自变量:性别 www.dadangsolihin.com Mean Income 平均收入 Women 女性 27,800 SA Rand 27,800 南非南特 Men 男性 32,400 SA Rand 32,400 南非南特
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