1. Ethanol Video Narasi Sridhar November 17, 2008

3. Need for biofuel © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009

4. Need for biofuel © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009

5. Alcohol Based Biofuels © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009 1 st Generation 2 nd Generation 3 rd Generation Feedstock Sugar Starch Agriculture/food processing wastes Grasses Other cellulocic materials Transgenic Materials (low lignin trees) Process Fermentation and Distillation Enzyme Treatment, Fermentation, Distillation Advanced Enzyme Treatment, Fermentation, Distillation Product Ethanol Other alcohols Cellulosic Ethanol Other alcohols Cellulosic Ethanol Other alcohols

6. Diesel Based Biofuels © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009 1 st Generation 2 nd Generation 3 rd Generation Feedstock Oil seeds, food processing fats and oils Agricultural/food processing wastes Algae Process Trans esterification with methanol Fischer-Tropsch biomass to liquid process Advanced Processing of Algae Product Biodiesel (FAME) Unprocessed vegetable oils Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Biodiesel, Algae Oil

7. U.S. Ethanol Production Locations © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009 Most of the ethanol is produced in the Nation’s heartland, whereas 80 percent of population lives near its coastlines

8. Transportation Volumes © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009 One 16” pipeline can take continuous flows on a daily basis equal to 15 barges From AOPL, 2007

9. Piping Failures in Terminals © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009 Oxygen is the most important factor in causing SCC Chloride and methanol are secondary factors Water above 6 percent prevents cracking Leak

10. A Staged Approach to Address Challenges © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009

14. © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved Slide 7 June 2009