Misra, D.C.(2008): Making NeGP Happen: Views and Perception_18.1.09

ELITEX 2008, New Delhi
Making NeGP Happen –
Views and Perception:
Process Framework as
Enabler of NeGP

1

Process Framework as Enabler
for NeGP
by
Dr D.C.Misra, I.A.S. (Retd.)
Independent E-government Consultant, New Delhi,
Formerly Chief Knowledge Officer, Government of Mauritius, Port Louis
under Commonwealth Secretariat, London and
Chairman, Task Force for IT Policy for Government of NCT of Delhi
Address: C-183 Madhuvan, Madhuvan Marg, New Delhi-110092
Tel: 91-11-22452431 Fax: 91-11-42445183 Cell: 0-9010891700
Web: http://in.geocities.com/drdcmisra/mypage.html
Blog: http://egov-india.blogspot.com/ Email: dcmisra@hotmail.com

January 18, 2007 (10 a.m. to 11-30 a.m.)

ELITEX 2008, New Delhi, January 17-18, 2008,
© Dr D.C.Misra 2008 2

The Process Framework

The Basic Process Foundation

Situation Vision
(Where are we?) (Where we want to go?)

Planning
(How to go
there?)

What is Process?

INPUT OUTPUT

PROCESS

(Inter-related tasks)


National E-governance Plan

The NeGP Processes transform Self-Centric Governance to
Citizen-Centric E-governance
Citizen-centric

E-governance
(Output)
National E-governance Plan
X Self-Centric
(Input)
Governance

NeGP Key Process Frameworks:
An Overview
• Policy Framework: (a) National (b)
State levels
• Legal Framework: (a) Cyberspace (b)
G2C (c) G2B (d) G2G
• Database Framework: (a) Online
databases (b) Statistical databases


NeGP Key Process Frameworks
• Plan Framework: (a) Mission Mode
Projects (MMPs) (b) State Wide Area
Networks (SWANs) (c) State Data Centres
(SDCs) (d) Common Service Centres
(CSCs)
• Linkage Framework: (a) National (b) State
and (c) private programmes
• E-engagement Framework: (a) Citizens
(b) Non-citizens

NeGP Process Frameworks
A. Policy Processes
(a) National IT Policy, and
(b) State IT Policies
(c) Periodical Review of Policies
(d) State of E-governance Report


NeGP Process Frameworks

B. Legal Processes
(a) Processes of Cyberspace
(b) G2C Processes
(c) G2B Processes
(d) G2G Processes

(a) Processes of Cyberspace

 East Coast Code (Washington, D.C.)- Old legal
processes
 West Coast Code (Silicon Valley)- Software
and hardware processes
 Norms (Processes of community of surfers)
 Market (Information exchange processes)
Source: Lessig (1999)


(b) G2C Processes

Single Sign On

Citizen ID
G2C E-form
E-district
Cyber Laws
Security & Privacy

Single Sign On Process

 Is single/unified national database
catering to various services possible?
 Is such a database legally enabled?
 What are operational implications?
 What are cost implications?


Citizen ID Processes
Multiplicity of Citizen ID Processes
 Citizenship Act (Certificate) / Passport Act (Passport)
 Representation of the People Act (Voter Identity Card) -186
million eligible voters do not have EPIC
 Income Tax Act (PAN Card) / Motor Vehicles Act (Driving
License)
 Executive Instructions (Ration Card)- Illegal to use for any
other purpose
 Nasscom- National Skills Registry for IT/ITES Professionals
(Software Engineer Unique ID No.)
 Unique Cyber ID?


Multiplicity of Citizen ID
Processes
 Electricity Bill, Water Bill, Telephone Bill, Bank Pass
Book, Insurance Policies, Credit/Debit Cards
 What for do we need Citizen ID Cards? Single or
Multiple? Use-specific or generic?
 U.K. has made it compulsory by Identity Card Act
2006. Collects 49 pieces of information
 In the U.S., it is controversial subject. Only 17%
Americans are in favour of it (Garson 2006)
 Can we do it for government employees in the first
instance?

E-Form Process

Eliminates Paper
Automatic Formatting and Validation
Assisted by computer program
Can be emailed
Can support decision-making

Processes of Cyber Laws

Cyber Laws Substantive (IT Act, etc.)
Supportive (IPC,etc.)
Cyber Subordinate (IT Rules, etc)
Laws
Proposed (Amendment,
New Bill, etc.)


Security and Privacy Processes

Information security management
Compliance with ISO/IEC 17799:2005
Sensitisation of personnel to security
Respect for Citizen’s right to privacy
Statutory support for citizen protection

E-District Processes

Pilot project in willing states
Integrated service delivery (Land Records,
Property Registration, Property Taxes,
Agriculture, Passport, Police, etc.)
Linkage with Common Service Centres (CSCs)
and State Wide Area Network (SWAN)
Database at district level

(c) G2B Processes
E-Business Processes
E-trade and E-commerce
E-banking
G2B E-taxation and E-filing
E-procurement
E-security


(d) G2G Processes
Citizen ID/ E-form/ E-district Processes

E-Centre

National Portal

E-state E-district


C. Database Framework
Processes

(a) Online Database Processes
 Decision-making is based on databases
 Every organisation sets up its own database
 Organisations mistrust each other’s databases
 Can there be a single national citizen
database?
 What is the current status of online databases?

Online Database Processes

 Territorial (Centre, State, and District Databases)
 Metadata (Data about data) (on the lines of UK
Government Metadata Standard (e-GMS).
 Indian E-government Thesaurus (Items, Keywords)
(on the lines of UK Pan-Government Thesaurus)
 Specialty Search Engine (on the lines of USA.gov –
Based on “Dynamic Clustering” (Clustering on the
fly) and “Meta Search” (Searches of other search
engines).


(b) Statistical Database
Processes
Indian Statistical System
 Population Census
 Agricultural Census
 Agricultural Input Surveys
 Annual Survey of Industries
 National Sample Surveys, etc.

D. Plan Process Frameworks

• Processes for Mission Mode Projects
 Central Sector: (National ID, MCA 21, Income Tax, Excise,
Passports, etc.) No jurisdictional problem. Suggestions: (a)
Give incentives for online transactions, (b) For example,
give rebate in income tax for online filing, etc.
 State Sector: (Agriculture, Land Records, Transport,
Municipalities, Gram Panchayats, etc.) No jurisdictional
problem. Suggestions: (a) Give preference to laggard
states, (b) Launch national competition for innovative
projects, etc.
 Common Projects: (a) India Portal (b) E-courts (c) E-office,
(d) E-procurement, etc.


(b) Processes for State Wide Area
Network

Part of NeGP Infrastructure- SWAN,
SDCc, and CSCs
2 Mbps connectivity up to block level
Monitoring of progress
Inter-changeability between software and
hardware

(c) Processes for State Data
Centres

 Many national organisations like Survey of India, Indian
Census, have their own SDCs
 Two types of databases are needed at national level: (a)
Central, and (b) Centralised databases
 (a) Central: Relating to Central Government-
Customs,Excise,Income Tax,Foreign Trade,etc)
 (b) Centralised: Relating to State Governments but
maintained centrally by Central Government
 Linkage with District Data Centres and creation of
database at the district level

(d) Processes for Common
Service Centres (CSCs)

Supply Side and Demand Side of E-gov
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Model
 Virtual Community, Electronic Cottage, One-
Stop Shop for Citizens
 Requirements of all age groups met
 Public and Private Services
 Role of PCOs/ Cyber cafe

E. Processes for Linkage with
other programmes
Linkage with central programmes
Linkage with state programmes
Linkage with private programmes
Linkage with civil society organisation
(CSO) programmes
Involvement of all stakeholders at village
level including extension agencies

F. Processes for E-engagement of
Citizens and Non-Citizens
 Creation of Public Value / Value Addition
 Investment in Social Capital
 Include E-engagement Framework for Citizens
and Non-Citizens in NeGP
 Introduce Feedback, Discussion Forum, RSS
Feed*, Blog**, Wiki and E-petition in official
portals
*Ramanathan V. Guha- Netscape-1999 **SP South Kannada (Dayananda Bannikal), IT
Department


Process Framework as Enabler of
NeGP
National
E-governance Plan

Common Service Centres
E-engagement of Citizens

State
Mission State
Wide
Mode Data
Area
Projects Centres
Network

Linkage with other programmes


NeGP Process Framework
National Portal

Districts
Panchayats Municipalities
States

Centre

E-engagement of Citizens and Non-Citizens
Life Events © Dr D.C.Misra 2008 Service Streams
31

Conclusion
 Embrace n-Governments (networked
governments).
 It is feasible and desirable.
 Give up i-Government (integrated
government).
 It is neither feasible nor desirable.


Distinction between
i-government and
n-governments
S.N. Parameter Integrated government Networked
governments
(i-government)
(n-governments )
1 Location One place Distributed

2 Ownership Single owner Multiple owners

3 Centrality Centralised Decentralised

4 Legality Not permissible Permissible
5 Expense Less expensive More expensive
6 Redundancies More redundancies Less redundancies


Conclusion
 Legally enable e-government services.
 Include Linkage with other Programmes
Framework in NeGP
 Include E-engagement Framework for
Citizens and Non-Citizens in NeGP
 Include databases of Indian statistical system
in NeGP, and
 Create robust database at the district level

References
• Garson, G. David (2006): Public Information Technology and E-governance:
Managing the Virtual State, Sudbury, MA, Jones and Bartlett
• Lessig, Lawrence (1999): Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, New York, Basic
Books
• Misra, D.C. (2008): Annual Survey of E-government 2008: Emerging E-government
Challenges: Past Imperfect, Present Tense but Future Promising,
http://topics.developmentgateway.org/ict/rc/ItemDetail.do~1126246 (accessed:
January 4, 2007)
• Misra, D.C. (2007a): E-government: From Networked Society to Networked
Governments, Management in Government, New Delhi, Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India,
XXXIX(3)17-36, October-December,
http://darpg.nic.in/arpg-website/BestPracticesInGovt/mig.asp
• Misra, D.C. (2007b): Select Aspects of Conceptual Foundations of E-government:
Clearing the Fog for a Better Vision, Paper contributed to 5th International
Conference on E-governance (ICEG 2007), December 28-30, 2007, Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India, http://www.iceg.net/2007/
• Misra, D.C. (2007c): Sixty Years of Development of E-governance in India
(1947-2007): Are there Lessons for Developing Countries? Paper contributed to
1st International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
(ICEGOV2007), December 10-13, 2007, Macao, SAR China, www.icegov.org


Thank you

Have a nice day!
--Dr D.C.MISRA


Misra, D.C.(2008): Making NeGP Happen: Views and Perception_18.1.09

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