CrossRef is a non-profit organization founded by publishers to provide services that are best achieved collaboratively. It aims to enable easy identification and use of electronic scholarly content by promoting cooperation. CrossRef assigns digital object identifiers (DOIs) to journal articles and other content, allowing this content to be uniquely identified and persistently linked as it moves online. Over 3,000 publishers participate in CrossRef, assigning DOIs to over 37 million articles and other content items. CrossRef provides reference linking between these articles on different publishers' platforms to facilitate discovery and access to cited content.

1. CrossRef:
Bene ts for Publishers
in China
Carol Anne Meyer
Marketing and Business
Development
CrossRef
Charlesworth China Delegation
Danvers, Massachusetts
9 August 2010
Friday, August 13, 2010

2. Friday, August 13, 2010
To explain briefly the background of CrossRef’s formation I want to take a look at a set of
standard journal article references - crucial component of scholarly communications.
preserve the scholarly record - minutes of science. Content going online in 1990s publishers
started signing bilateral linking agreements with each other and started using URLs to link to
one another. Figure out the publisher, keep track of URL schemes, keep it all up-to-date

3. Friday, August 13, 2010
But publishers quickly discovered that signing bilateral linking agreements with one another only benefited the lawyers and more importantly links
are fragile and links break.

4. Friday, August 13, 2010
For scholarly journal publishers have links break is not a good thing because it makes
readers unhappy and they complain.

5. Photo: `R4cH3L on Flickr
Friday, August 13, 2010
When a researcher is looking for high quality scholarly content you don’t want to retrieve the 404 - page not found error. Having this happen
undermines trust in the scholarly system and in scholarly publishers.

6. Strategic .org
• CrossRef: membership
association of publishers
• Founded for strategic reasons:
services best achieved
collaboratively
• 16 member board of directors
from membership
• Many types of publishers:
Commercial, societies, non-
profits, university presses, OA
publishers –
57% non-profit
• A powerful NETWORK
• All subjects: STM, humanities,
social science, professional
Friday, August 13, 2010
So at the end of 1999 a group of publishers got together and decided to collaborate to solve
the problem and CrossRef was set up as a strategic org - CrossRef is a non-profit
membership association of publishers with all members being equal. We were founded to
provide services to publishers that are best achieved collaboratively - or doing those things
that publishers can’t do on their own. We are run by and for publishers and we include all
types of publishers. Network!

7. CrossRef’s Mission
To enable easy identification
and use of trustworthy
electronic content by
promoting the cooperative
development and application of
a sustainable infrastructure
Friday, August 13, 2010
2700 publishers and societies
Almost 20,000 journal titles
close to 36 million dois registered.

8. CrossRef’s Mission
To enable easy identification
and use of trustworthy
electronic content by
promoting the cooperative
development and application of
a sustainable infrastructure
Friday, August 13, 2010
2700 publishers and societies
Almost 20,000 journal titles
close to 36 million dois registered.

9. CrossRef’s Mission
To enable easy identification
and use of trustworthy
electronic content by
promoting the cooperative
development and application of
a sustainable infrastructure
Friday, August 13, 2010
2700 publishers and societies
Almost 20,000 journal titles
close to 36 million dois registered.

10. How we fulfill our mission:
!
Friday, August 13, 2010
Reference linking includes multiple content types, backfiles

11. How we fulfill our mission:
! • Reference Linking
Friday, August 13, 2010
Reference linking includes multiple content types, backfiles

12. How we fulfill our mission:
! • Reference Linking
• Cited-By Linking
Friday, August 13, 2010
Reference linking includes multiple content types, backfiles

13. How we fulfill our mission:
! • Reference Linking
• Cited-By Linking
• CrossCheck Plagiarism
Detection
Friday, August 13, 2010
Reference linking includes multiple content types, backfiles

14. How we fulfill our mission:
! • Reference Linking
• Cited-By Linking
• CrossCheck Plagiarism
Detection
• and more!
Friday, August 13, 2010
Reference linking includes multiple content types, backfiles

15. Technical
Infrastructure
• Unique identification
• Persistent citation and
linking
• Managed system – no
broken links
• Content discoverable
Friday, August 13, 2010

16. What’s in a name?
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

17. What’s in a name?
doi:10.3724/SP.J.1005.2010.00248
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

18. What’s in a name?
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

19. What’s in a name?
doi:10.3724/SP.J.1005.2010.00248
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

20. What’s in a name?
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

21. What’s in a name?
doi:10.3724/SP.J.1005.2010.00248
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

22. What’s in a name?
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

23. What’s in a name?
http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1005.2010.00248
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

24. What’s in a name?
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

25. What’s in a name?
http://pub.chinasciencejournal.com/article/getArticle.action?articleId=12806
Friday, August 13, 2010
uniquely identify/name a piece of electronic content
serve as a stable, persistent link to that content’s location on the web
A DOI persists throughout changes in copyright ownership or location because it’s just a name used to look up an address in an updateable
directory

26. Friday, August 13, 2010

27. User clicks on
CrossRef DOI
reference link in
Journal A
Guo W, Wang ZY, Wang YL, Zhang ZP, Gui JF. Isolation and
characterization of six microsatellite markers in the large yellow croaker
(Pseucosciaena crocea Richardson). Mol Ecol Notes, 2005, 5(2): 369–
371. [CrossRef]
Friday, August 13, 2010

28. User clicks on
CrossRef DOI
reference link in
Journal A
Guo W, Wang ZY, Wang YL, Zhang ZP, Gui JF. Isolation and
characterization of six microsatellite markers in the large yellow croaker
(Pseucosciaena crocea Richardson). Mol Ecol Notes, 2005, 5(2): 369–
371. [CrossRef]
DOI
directory
returns URL
Friday, August 13, 2010

29. User clicks on User accesses
CrossRef DOI cited article in
reference link in Journal B
Journal A
Guo W, Wang ZY, Wang YL, Zhang ZP, Gui JF. Isolation and
characterization of six microsatellite markers in the large yellow croaker
(Pseucosciaena crocea Richardson). Mol Ecol Notes, 2005, 5(2): 369–
371. [CrossRef]
DOI
directory
returns URL
Friday, August 13, 2010

30. Business
Infrastructure
Friday, August 13, 2010
obligations of membership = quid pro quo - level playing field.

31. Business
Infrastructure
• One agreement with
CrossRef is a linking
agreement with all
CrossRef participants
Friday, August 13, 2010
obligations of membership = quid pro quo - level playing field.

32. Business
Infrastructure
• One agreement with
CrossRef is a linking
agreement with all
CrossRef participants
• Business Model Neutral
Friday, August 13, 2010
obligations of membership = quid pro quo - level playing field.

33. Business
Infrastructure
• One agreement with
CrossRef is a linking
agreement with all
CrossRef participants
• Business Model Neutral
• Powerful Network Effects
– value of network is
proportional to the
square of the number of
users of the system
Friday, August 13, 2010
obligations of membership = quid pro quo - level playing field.

34. Friday, August 13, 2010
Registration of content with CrossRef - reference matching and use of DOIs for linking. Hop
between different publisher systems.

35. Friday, August 13, 2010
Registration of content with CrossRef - reference matching and use of DOIs for linking. Hop
between different publisher systems.

36. Friday, August 13, 2010
Registration of content with CrossRef - reference matching and use of DOIs for linking. Hop
between different publisher systems.

37. Friday, August 13, 2010
Registration of content with CrossRef - reference matching and use of DOIs for linking. Hop
between different publisher systems.

38. Friday, August 13, 2010
Multiple resolution--the DOI gives the user a choice of which links to follow.

39. Friday, August 13, 2010
Multiple resolution--the DOI gives the user a choice of which links to follow.

40. 3,130 publishers and societies
42,316,576 content items with DOIs
20,000 journals
128,702 books
18,426 conference proceedings
Friday, August 13, 2010
backfile content -oldest content from 1665 and the philosophical transactions.

41. Publishers in China
• Beijing Institute of Technology • Journal of Zhejiang University
• Beijing Magtech Co SCIENCE
• Beijing Normal University • Patent Documentation Department,
• Beijing University of Aeronautics and State Intellectual Property Of ce of
Astronautics People's Republic of China
• China Journal of Chinese Materia • Scidea Ltd.
Medica • Science China Press., Co. Ltd.
• China Science Publishing Group Co., • Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine
Ltd. (Science Press) Mechanics
• Chinese Birds (Press) • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
• Chinese Journal of Mechanical • The Higher Education Electronic &
Engineering Audio-Video Press
• Editorial Of ce of Earth Science • The WJG Press
• Hospital Authority Hong Kong • West China College of Stomatology,
• Journal of Chinese Integrative Sichuan University Press
Medicine Press
Friday, August 13, 2010

42. So far this year
• 1,641,132 current content CrossRef DOIs
• 1,185,815 backfile content CrossRef DOIs
• 4,199,470 updates
• DOIs returned - 44% match
Friday, August 13, 2010

43. 35,000,000
Friday, August 13, 2010
End user clicks -driving traffic to publisher content each month.

44. CrossRef Journal Deposits
• 3,130 publishers 37,102,122 articles
Photo :Ina Centaur
Friday, August 13, 2010

45. Journals
• 30% of CrossRef’s failed queries are due to
missing backfiles
Friday, August 13, 2010

46. CrossRef Book Deposits
• 128,702 titles
• 2,661,218 chapters/entries
Photo by digicla
Friday, August 13, 2010

47. Friday, August 13, 2010

48. http://www.crossref.org/02publishers/dois_for_books.html
Friday, August 13, 2010

49. Friday, August 13, 2010

50. http://www.crossref.org/06members/best_practices_for_books.html
Friday, August 13, 2010

51. CrossRef Cited-By Linking
Who’s Citing You?
Discover how your
publications are being
cited and incorporate
DOI links to the citing
content into your online
publication.
Friday, August 13, 2010

52. Friday, August 13, 2010

53. Technology
Est. 1996
8,500 schools, colleges &
universities worldwide
Friday, August 13, 2010

54. Friday, August 13, 2010

55. Friday, August 13, 2010

56. Friday, August 13, 2010

57. Friday, August 13, 2010

58. Friday, August 13, 2010

59. Friday, August 13, 2010

60. Friday, August 13, 2010

61. Friday, August 13, 2010

62. Friday, August 13, 2010

63. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
Friday, August 13, 2010
Three obvious places where you might want to do plagiarism screening
1) On submission
2) At some defined point in the review and editorial process - - and obviously this is a massive over-simplification not in the least because this
process varies widely form publisher to publisher
3) Just prior to acceptance
Two less obvious places you might want to do it:
1) Prior to submission (author checks)
2) After publication (e.g. to check backfiles, etc)
And we have CrossCheck members taking each of these approaches, with no particular pattern emerging yet, although author checking is less

64. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
On Submission?
Friday, August 13, 2010
Three obvious places where you might want to do plagiarism screening
1) On submission
2) At some defined point in the review and editorial process - - and obviously this is a massive over-simplification not in the least because this
process varies widely form publisher to publisher
3) Just prior to acceptance
Two less obvious places you might want to do it:
1) Prior to submission (author checks)
2) After publication (e.g. to check backfiles, etc)
And we have CrossCheck members taking each of these approaches, with no particular pattern emerging yet, although author checking is less

65. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
On Submission? Triage?
Friday, August 13, 2010
Three obvious places where you might want to do plagiarism screening
1) On submission
2) At some defined point in the review and editorial process - - and obviously this is a massive over-simplification not in the least because this
process varies widely form publisher to publisher
3) Just prior to acceptance
Two less obvious places you might want to do it:
1) Prior to submission (author checks)
2) After publication (e.g. to check backfiles, etc)
And we have CrossCheck members taking each of these approaches, with no particular pattern emerging yet, although author checking is less

66. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
Prior to acceptance?
On Submission? Triage?
Friday, August 13, 2010
Three obvious places where you might want to do plagiarism screening
1) On submission
2) At some defined point in the review and editorial process - - and obviously this is a massive over-simplification not in the least because this
process varies widely form publisher to publisher
3) Just prior to acceptance
Two less obvious places you might want to do it:
1) Prior to submission (author checks)
2) After publication (e.g. to check backfiles, etc)
And we have CrossCheck members taking each of these approaches, with no particular pattern emerging yet, although author checking is less

67. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
Prior to acceptance?
Author? On Submission? Triage?
Friday, August 13, 2010
Three obvious places where you might want to do plagiarism screening
1) On submission
2) At some defined point in the review and editorial process - - and obviously this is a massive over-simplification not in the least because this
process varies widely form publisher to publisher
3) Just prior to acceptance
Two less obvious places you might want to do it:
1) Prior to submission (author checks)
2) After publication (e.g. to check backfiles, etc)
And we have CrossCheck members taking each of these approaches, with no particular pattern emerging yet, although author checking is less

68. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
Friday, August 13, 2010

69. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
$£€¥
Friday, August 13, 2010

70. Manuscript
Triage Acceptance
Submission
Yes
No
$£€¥
#
Friday, August 13, 2010

71. 83 publishers
25 million content items indexed
49,000 titles
9000 manuscripts checked per month
Friday, August 13, 2010

72. Languages
Supported
Serbian
Chinese Finnish
(simplified and Slovak
French
traditional)
Slovenian
German
Japanese
Spanish
Hungarian
Thai
Swedish
Italian
Korean
Arabic
Norwegian
Catalan
(Bokmal, Greek
Croatian Nynorsk)
Hebrew
Czech Polish
Farsi
Danish Portuguese
Russian
Dutch Romanian
Turkish
Friday, August 13, 2010
The iThenticate software can compare two documents in the same language for similarity, but it cannot yet translate languages to compare them.

73. Deterrence Factor
Friday, August 13, 2010

74. In Summary
Friday, August 13, 2010

75. In Summary
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable
publishers to enhance their content and
services
Friday, August 13, 2010

76. In Summary
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable
publishers to enhance their content and
services
• CrossRef services drive traffic to publishers
content
Friday, August 13, 2010

77. Friday, August 13, 2010

78. • CrossRef services will enable publishers to
highlight the value they add to content
Friday, August 13, 2010

79. • CrossRef services will enable publishers to
highlight the value they add to content
• CrossRef services will give researchers useful
tools to make decisions about content
Friday, August 13, 2010

80. • If it’s not online it doesn’t exist
• If it’s not linked it doesn’t exist
• PDF warehouses are complete - the next
stage is semantically enhanced content
• Publishers are moving from production
houses to informatics houses
Friday, August 13, 2010

81. What’s in it for
publishers?
• No publisher is an island - collaboration and
connection is the key
Friday, August 13, 2010

82. Reciprocal Linking
Photo by Joi Ito
Friday, August 13, 2010

83. Find out more...
Friday, August 13, 2010

84. Find out more...
Friday, August 13, 2010

85. Find out more...
• CrossRef Chinese Web Site
Friday, August 13, 2010

86. Find out more...
• CrossRef Chinese Web Site
http://www.crossref.org.cn/
Friday, August 13, 2010

87. Find out more...
• CrossRef Chinese Web Site
http://www.crossref.org.cn/
• Cited-By Linking
Friday, August 13, 2010

88. Find out more...
• CrossRef Chinese Web Site
http://www.crossref.org.cn/
• Cited-By Linking
http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html
Friday, August 13, 2010

89. Find out more...
• CrossRef Chinese Web Site
http://www.crossref.org.cn/
• Cited-By Linking
http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html
• CrossCheck
Friday, August 13, 2010

90. Find out more...
• CrossRef Chinese Web Site
http://www.crossref.org.cn/
• Cited-By Linking
http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html
• CrossCheck
http://www.crossref.org.cn/CrossCheck.html
Friday, August 13, 2010

91. Carol Anne Meyer
cmeyer@crossref.org
twitter: @CrossRefNews
Friday, August 13, 2010